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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

PROFESSOR  WILLIAM  MERRILL 

AND 

MRS.  IMOGENE  MERRILL 


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EUTKOPIUS 


EDITED  FOR   SCHOOL    USE 

BY 

J.  C.  HAZZARD,  Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR  OF   LATIN,   PORTLAND   ACADEMY 


3j»ic 


NEW  YORK  •:•  CINCINNATI  •:•  CHICAGO 

AMERICAN    BOOK    COMPANY 


GIFT 

21:0 

REV.  JACOB  COOPER,  D.D.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D. 

WITH    GRATEFUL    AFFECTION 


CJOPTBIOHT,   1898,  BT 

AMERICAN  BOOK  COMPANY. 


aUTBOPICS. 
W.  p.  I 


A  r  ■ 


PREFACE 


The  Breviarium  of  Eutropius  has  for  many  years  been  used 
successfully  in  German  schools,  but,  though  an  American  edi- 
tion was  published  in  the  early  part  of  this  century,  the  author 
has  of  late  years  received  little  attention  in  this  country.  Yet 
in  character  and  subject  the  Breviarium  is  admirably  adapted 
for  elementary  work.  While  the  Viri  Romae  deals  only  with 
the  early  history  of  Rome  and  the  lives  of  a  few  great  men  of 
the  republican  age,  the  Breviarium  gives  an  outline  of  the 
history  of  Rome  from  the  founding  of  the  city  to  the  death 
of  the  Emperor  Jovian  in  364  a.d.,  and  is  thus  in  subject 
closely  related  to  the  Latin  course.  The  Latin  is  good,  remark- 
ably so  for  the  time  of  its  composition,  and  is  not  so  difficult 
as  that  of  Nepos  or  of  parts  of  the  Viri  Romae. 

In  editing  the  text  the  beginner  has  constantly  been  had 
in  mind,  and  so  references  to  the  standard  Latin  Grammars 
have  been  added  more  copiously  than  some  will  consider  judi- 
cious. It  has  been  found,  however,  by  experience  in  the  class- 
room, that  a  reference  to  the  grammar  when  carefully  studied 
is  worth  far  more  than  a  translation  of  a  difficult  passage  or 
comment  upon  it.  The  grammatical  references  are  placed  at 
the  bottom  of  the  page  where  they  belong.  In  the  Notes, 
which  are  principally  historical  and  geographical,  the  editor 
has  tried  to  aid  the  student  in  mastering  the  difficulties  that 

3 


MQS1S77 


4  PREFACE 

occur  rather  than  to  do  his  work  for  him.  The  references  to 
the  histories  are  intended  rather  for  the  teacher  than  for  the 
pupil.  If  a  few  minutes  can  be  spent  every  day  in  reading 
to  the  class  the  portions  refered  to,  the  time  will  not  be  wasted, 
and  it  will  fill  in  the  outline  of  the  history  that  the  text  con- 
tains. It  is  strongly  urged  that  each  student  should  be  pro- 
vided with  a  copy  of  some  good  outline  of  Koman  History 
(Creighton's  Primer  is  admirable),  and  follow  the  text  in  it 
from  day  to  day.  In  this  way  a  knowledge  of  the  principal 
facts  of  Koman  History  may  be  obtained  with  but  slight 
conscious  effort  on  the  part  of  the  student. 

In  the  analyses  of  the  books  and  the  chapters  the  accepted 
dates  have  been  given,  indicating  where  Eutropius  is  mistaken 
in  his  chronology.  In  marking  the  quantities  of  the  long 
vowels,  Lewis,  in  his  Elementary  Latin  Dictionary^  has  been 
followed,  except  where  later  authorities  differ  from  him. 

The  editor  desires  to  acknowledge  his  obligation  to  Kev.  J. 
R.  Wilson,  D.D.,  Principal  of  Portland  Academy,  for  advice  and 
assistance,  and  to  Professors  Arrowsmith  and  Whicher,  for  per- 
mission to  use  material  from  their  First  Latin  Readings. 

The  Grammars  cited  are  Harkness'  Standard  Latin  Gram- 
mar (H.),  Mooney  (M.),  Allen  and  Greenough  (A.  &  G.),  Gil- 
dersleeve  (G.),  and  Bennett  (B.).  References  to  Harkness' 
new  Latin  Grammars  (1898)  will  be  found  on  p.  242. 

J.  C.  H. 
Portland,  Oregon, 
June,  1898. 


CONTENTS 


TEXT 

PAGE 

Book  I 7 

Book  II 16 

Book  III 27 

Book  IV 36 

Book  V 46 

Book  VI 51 

Book  VII •        -62 

Book  VIII 73 

Book  TX 83 

Book  X 94 

Bibliography ' 104 

Life  of  Eutropius 105 

NOTES 

Book  I 105 

Book  II 114 

Book  III 121 

Book  IV 129 

Book  V 136 

Book  VI 140 

Book  VII •         .147 

Book  VIII 153 

Book  IX 158 

Book  X 160 

Vocabulary 164 


EUTROPI 

BREVIARII   AB   URBE   CONDITA 
LIBER    PRIMUS 


From  the  Founding  of  Rome  to  the  Capture  of  the 
City  by  the  Gauls,  753-390  b.c.  The  Regal  Period, 
753-509  B.C. 


Rome  Founded,  753  b.c.     Romulus,  753-716  b.c. 

1.  Romanum  imperium  a  Romulo  exordium  habet,  qui 
Rheae  Silviae,  Vestalis  virginis,  filius  et,  quantum  putatus 
est,  Martis,  cum  Remo  fratre  imo  partti  editus  est.  Is  cum 
inter  pastores  latrocinaretur/  decem  et  octo  annos^  natus 

5  urbem  exiguam  in  Palatmo  monte  constituit,  xi  Kal.  Maias, 
Olympiadis  sextae  anno  tertio,  post  Troiae  excidium,  anno 
trecentesimo  nonagesimo  quarto. 

2.  Condita  civitate,^  quam  ex  nomine  suo  Romam  voca- 
vit,  haec  fere  egit.     Multitudinem  finitimorum  in  civitatem 

10  recepit,  centum  ex  senioribus  *  legit,  quorum  consilio  omnia 
ageret,^  quos  senatores  nominavit  propter  senecttitem.  Tum, 
cum  uxores  ipse  et  populus  suus  non  haberent,^  invitavit 
ad  spectaculum  ludorum  vicinas  urbi  Romae  nationes  atque 

1  H.  521,  II,  2  ;  M.  347  ;  A.  &  G.  325  ;  G.  585  ;  B.  288. 

2  H.  379 ;  M.  197  ;  A.  &  G.  25G  ;  G.  336 ;  B.  181,  1. 

3  H.  431  ;  M.  255,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  255,  d,l;   G.  409  ;  B.  227,  2,  a. 

*  H.  397,  3,  N.  3  ;  M.  225,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  c  ;  G.  372,  r.  2  ;  B.  201,  1,  a. 
6  H.  497,  I  ;  M.  382,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  317,  2  ;  G.  630  ;  B.  282,  2. 
6  H.  517  ;  M.  355  ;  A.  &  G.  326  ;  G.  586  ;  B.  286,  2. 

7 


8  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

earum  virgines  rapuit.  Commotls  bellls  propter  raptarum 
iniuriam  Caeiiinenses  vicit,  Antemnates,  Crustummos,  Sabi- 
nos,  Fldenates,  Veientes.  Haec  omnia  oppida  urbem  cin- 
gunt,  Et  cum  orta  subito  terapestate  non  comparuisset, 
5  anno  regni  tricesimo  septimo  ad  deos  transisse  creditus  est 
et  consecratus.  Deinde  Romae^  per  quinos  dies  senatores 
imperaverunt  et  his  regnantibus  annus  tinus  completus  est. 

Numa  PompiliuSj  715-672  b.c. 

3.  Postea  Numa  Pompilius  rex  creatus  est,  qui  bellum 
quidem  nullum  gessit,  sed  non  minus  civitatl  ^  quam  Eomulus 

10  profuit.  Nam  et  leges  Eomanis  moresque  constituit,  qui 
consuetudine  proeliorum  iam  latrones  ac  semibarbarl  puta- 
bantur,  et  annum  dSscrlpsit  in  decem  menses  prius  sine 
aliqua  supputatione  confusum,  et  inflnita  Romae  sacra  ao 
tempi  a  constituit.     Morbo  decessit  quadragesimo  et  tertio 

15  imperii  anno. 

Tullus  Hostilius,  672-640  b.c. 

4.  Huic  successit  Tullus  Hostilius.  Hie  bella  reparavit, 
Albanos  vicit,  qui  ab  urbe  Roma  duodecimo  miliario  ^  sunt, 
Veientes  et  Fidenates,  quorum  alii  sexto  miliario  absunt 
ab  urbe  Roma,  alii  octavo  decimo,  bell5  superavit,  urbem 

20  ampliavit  adiectO  Caelio  monte.  Cum  triginta  et  du5s  annos 
rfignasset,*  fulmine  ictus  cum  domo  sua  arsit. 

Anciis  Marcius,  640-616  b.c. 

5.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  Numae  ex  filia  nepos,  suscS- 
pit  imperium.   Contra  LatinOs  dimicavit,  Aventinuni  montem 

1  H.  426,  II ;  M.  242,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  c,  2  ;  G.  411 ;  B.  232,  1. 

«  H.  386  ;  M.  202  ;  A.  &  G.  228 ;  G.  347  ;  B.  187,  III. 

»H.  425,II,2,N.2;M.241,  2;  A.&G.258,/,2;G.385,N.1;B.228,1,6. 

*  H.  235 ;  M.  100,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  128,  a,  1 ;  G.  131,  1 ;  B.  116,  1. 


LIBER  I.  9 

civitatl  adiecit  et  laniculum,  apud  ostium  Tiberis  civitatem 
supra  mare  sexto  decimo  miliario  ab  urbe  Roma  condidit. 
Vicesimo  et  quarto  anno  imperii  morbo  periit. 

Lucius  Tarqtiinius  Friscus,  616-578  B.C. 

6.  Deinde  regnum  Priscus  Tarquinius  accepit.    Hic  nume- 
5  rum  senatorum  duplicavit,  circum  Romae  aedificavit,  ludos 

Romanes  instituit,  qui  ad  nostram  memoriam  permanent. 
Vicit  Idem  etiam  Sablnos  et  non  parum  agrorum  sublatum 
isdem  urbis  Romae  territorio  itinxit,  primusque  triumphans 
urbem  intravit.  Muros  fecit  et  cloacas,  Capitolium  incoha- 
10  vit.  Tricesimo  octavo  imperil  anno  per  And  fllios  occlsus 
est,  regis  eius,  cui  ipse  successerat. 

Servius  Tullius,  578-534  b.c. 

7.  Post  hunc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium,  genitus 
ex  nobill  femina,  captlva  tamen  et  ancilla.  Hic  quoque 
Sablnos  subegit,  montes  tres,  Quirinalem,  Viminalem,  Esqui- 

15  llnum,  urbl  adiunxit,  fossas  circum  murum  duxit.  Primus 
omnium  censum  ordinavit,  qui  adhuc  per  orbem  terrarum 
incognitus  erat.  Sub  eo  Roma  omnibus  in  censum  delatis 
habuit  capita  lxxxiii  milia  civium  Romanorum  cum  his, 
qui  in  agrls  erant.     Occlsus  est  scelere  generl  sul  TarquinI 

20  Superbl,  fllil  eius  regis  cul  ipse  successerat,  et  flliae  quam 
Tarquinius  habebat  uxorem. 

Lucius  Tarquinius  SuperbuSj  534-510  b.c. 

8.  L.  Tarquinius  Superbus,  septimus  atque  ultimus  regum,^ 
Volscos,  quae  gens  ad  Campaniam  euntibus^  non  longe  ab 
urbe   est,   vIcit,   Gabios   civitatem    et   Suessam   Pometiam 

1  H.  397,  3  ;  M.  225,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  a,  3  ;  G.  372  ;  B.  201,  1. 

2  H.  384,  4,  N.  3  ;  M.  210  ;  A.  &  G.  235,  b ;  G,  353  ;  B.  188,  2,  a. 


10  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

subegit,  cum  Tuscis  pacem  fecit  et  templum  lovi  in  Capi- 
tolio  aedificavit.  Postea  Ardeam  oppugnans,  in  octavo 
decimo  miliario  ab  urbe  Koma  positam  civitatem,  imperium 
perdidit.     Nam  cum  filius  eius,  et  ipse  Tarquinius  iunior, 

6  nobilissimam  feminam  Lucretiam  eandemque  pudicissimam, 
Collatmi  uxorem,  stuprasset  eaque  de  initiria  marito  et  patri 
et  amicis  questa  fuisset,  in  omnium  conspectti  se  occldit. 
Propter  quam  causam  Brutus,  parens  et  ipse  Tarquini, 
populum  concitavit  et  Tarquinio^  ademit  imperium.     Mox 

10  exercitus  quoque  eum,  qui  civitatem  Ardeam  cum  ipso  rege 
oppugnabat,  rellquit ;  veniensque  ad  urbem  rex  portis  clausis 
exclusus  est,  cumque  imperasset  annos  quattuor  et  vigintl 
cum  uxore  et  liberls  suis  fugit.  Ita  Komae  regnatum  est 
per  septem  reges  anr^Is  ducentls  quadraginta  tribus,  cum 

15  adhuc  Roma,  ubi  pltirimum,  vix  usque  ad  quintum  decimum 
mlliarium  possid6ret. 

Establishment  of  the  Republic.     Election  of  Consuls,  509  b.c. 

9.  Hinc  consults  coepgre,  pro  uno  rSge  duo,  hac  causa 
creati,  ut,  sT  unus  mains  esse  voluisset,^  alter  eum  liabens 
potestatem   similem   coerc6ret.^      Et  placuit  ne  imperium 

20  longius  quam  annuum  haberent,*  ne  per  diuturnitatem  pote- 
statis  insolentiorgs  redderentur,  sed  civiles  semper  essent, 
qui  s6  post  annum  sclrent  futures  esse  privates.  Fuerunt 
igitur  anno  primo  ab  expulsis  regibus  consules  L.  Junius 
Brtitus,  qui  maximg  egerat  ut  Tarquinius  peller6tur,  et  Tar- 

2fi  quinius  Collatinus,  marltus  Lucr6tiae.  Sed  Tarquinio  Colla- 
tino  statim  sublata  est  dlgnitas.  Placuerat  enim  ne  quisquam 

1  H.  385,  II,  2 ;  M.  211 ;  A.  &  G.  229 ;  G.  345,  r.  1  ;  B.  188,  2,  d. 

2  n.  601),  N.  3  ;  M.  403  ;  A.  &  G.  337,  a,  3 ;  G.  596,  2  ;  B.  320. 

«  H.  497,  II ;  M.  328  ;  A.  &  G.  317,  1  ;  G.  645,  1  ;  B.  282,  1.      ' 
*  H.  498,  I :  M.  333,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  331,  d ;  G.  546 ;  B.  295.  4. 


LIBER  I.  11 

in  urbe  maneret  qui  Tarquinius  vocaretiir.  Ergo  accepto 
oinni  patrimonio  suo  ex  urbe  migravit  et  loco  ipslus  factus 
est  L.  Valerius  Publicola  consul. 

War  with  Tarquinius. 

10.  Commovit  tamen  belluni  urbl  Romae  rex  Tarquinius, 
5  qui  fuerat  expulsus,  et,  conlectis  multls  gentibus,  ut  in  re- 

gnum  posset  restitui  dimicavit.  In  prima  ptigna  Brutus  con- 
sul et  Artins,  Tarquimfllius,  in  vicem  se  occiderunt,  Roman! 
tamen  ex  ea  pugna  victores  recesserunt.  Brutum  matronae 
Romanae,   defensorem   pudicitiae   suae,   quasi    commimem 

10  patrem  per  annum  Itixerunt.  Valerius  Publicola  Sp.  Lucre- 
tium  Tricipitinum  conlegam  sibi  fecit,  Lucretiae  patrem,  quo 
morbo  mortuo  iterum  Horatium  Pulvillum  conlegam  sibi 
stimpsit.  Ita  primus  annus  quinque  consules  habuit,  cum 
Tarquinius  Collatlnus  propter  nomen  urbe  ^  cessisset,  Brutus 

15  in  proelio  perlsset,  Sp.  Lucretius  morbo  mortuus  esset. 

War  idth  Por senna,  508  b.c. 

11.  Secundo  quoque  anno  iterum  Tarquinius  ut  recipere- 
tur  in  regnum  bellum  Romanis  intulit,  auxilium  ei  ferente 
Porsenna,  Tusciae  rege,  et  Romam  paene  cepit.  Verum 
tum  quoque  victus  est. 

20  Tertio  anno  post  reges  exactos  Tarquinius  cum  suscipi 
non  posset  in  regnum  neque  el  Porsenna,  qui  pacem  cum 
Romanis  f  ecerat,  praestaret  auxilium,  Tusculum  ^  se  contulit, 
quae  civitas  non  longe  ab  urbe  est,  atque  ibi  per  quattuor- 
decim  annos  privatus  cum  uxore  consenuit. 

25  Quarto  anno  post  reges  exactos,  cum  Sabinl  Romanis 
bellum  intulissent,  victi  sunt,  et  de  his  triumphatum  est. 

\  H.  412,  2  ;  M.  233,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  a,  n.  2  ;  G.  390,  2 ;  B.  229,  1. 
2  H.  380,  IT ;  M.  199,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  258,  6 ;  G.  337  ;  B.  182,  1,  a. 


12  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

Quinto  anno  L.  Valerius  ille/  BrutI  conlega  et  quater 
consul,  fataliter  mortuus  est,  adeo  pauper  ut  conlatis  a  populo 
nummis  stimptum.  habuerit^  sepulturae.  Quern  matronae 
sicuti  Brtitum  annum  Itixerunt. 

Institution  of  the  Dictatorship ^  501  b.c. 

5  12.  Nono  anno  post  reges  exactos  cum  gener  Tarquini 
ad  iniuriam  soceri  ^  vindicandam  ^  ingentem  conlegisset  exer- 
citum,  nova  Romae  dignitas  est  creata,  quae  dictatura  appel- 
latur,  maior  quam  consulatus.  Eodem  anno  etiam  magister 
equitum  f actus  est,  qui  dictatorl  obsequeretur.    Eeque  quic- 

10  quam  similius  potest  dici  quam  dictatura  antiqua  liuic 
imperil  potestati,  quam  nunc  Tranquillitas  Yestra  habet, 
maxime  cum  Augustus  quoque  Octavianus,  de  quo  postea 
dicemus,  et  ante  eum  C.  Caesar  sub  dictaturae  nomine  atque 
honore  regnaverint.      Dictator  autem  Romae  primus  fuit 

15  T.  Larcius,  magister  equitum  primus  Sp.  Cassius. 

Secession  of  the  Plebeians,    Establishment  of  the  Tribunate, 

494  B.C. 

13.    Sexto   decimo  anno  post  r6ges   exactos   seditionem 

populus  Romae  fecit,  tamquam  a  senatii  atque  consulibus 

premeretur.    Turn  et  ipse  sibi  tribunes  pl6bis  quasi  proprios 

iudic^s  et  d6fens6r6s  creavit,  per  quos  contra  senatum  et 

20  cOnsules  tutus  esse  posset. 

1  H.  450,  4  ;  M.  443,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  102,  b ;  G.  307,  2  ;  B.  246,  3. 

2  H.  500,  II :  495,  VI ;  M.  337 :  316,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  319,  1 :  287,  c,  r.;  G. 
552,  1 :  513  ;  B.  284,  1  :  268,  6. 

8  H.  396,  III ;  M.  210  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  363,  2  ;  B.  200. 
♦  H.  542,  III,  N.  2  :  544,  1 ;  M.  291 :  297  ;  A.  &  G.  300  :  318,  b ;  G.  432,  r.; 
B.  338,  3  :  339,  2. 


LIBER  I.  13 

War  vnth  the  Volsci,  493  b.c. 

14.  Sequent!  anno  Volsci  contra  Romanes  bellum  repara- 
verunt,  et  victi  acie  etiam  Coriolos  civitatem,  quam  habebant 
optimam,  perdiderunt. 

Coriolanus,  491  b.c. 

15.  Octavo  decimo  anno  postquam  reges  eiecti  erant  expul- 
5  sus  ex  urbe  Q.  Marcius,  dux  Romanus,  qui  Coriolos  ceperat, 

Volscorum  clvitatem,  ad  ipsos  Yolscos  contendit  iratus  et 
auxilia  contra  Romanes  accepit.  Romanes  saepe  vicit,  usque 
ad  quintum  miliarium  urbis  accessit,  opptignaturus  ^  etiam 
patriani  suam,  legatis  qui  pacem  petebant  repudiatis,  nisi 
10  ad  eum  mater  Veturia  et  uxor  Volumnia  ex  urbe  venissent,^ 
quarum  fletu  et  deprecatione  superatus  removit  exercitum. 
Atque  hic  secundus  post  Tarquinium  fuit  qui  dux  contra 
patriam  suam  esset. 

Slaughter  of  the  Fahii,  477  b.c. 

16.  C.  Fabio  et  L.  Virginio  consulibus  trecenti  nobiles 
15  homines,  qui  ex  Fabia  familia  erant,  contra  Veientes  bellum 

soli  susceperunt,  promittentes  senatui  et  populo  per  se  omne 
certamen  implendum.  Itaque  prefect!,  omnes  nobiles  et 
qui  singuli  magnorum  exercituum  duces  esse  deberent,  in 
proelio  conciderunt.  Unus  emn!no  superfuit  ex  tanta  fami- 
20  lia,  qui  propter  aetatem  puer!lem  due!  non  petuerat  ad 
pugnam.  Pest  haec  census  in  urbe  habitus  est  et  inventa 
sunt  civium  capita  cxvii  m!lia  cccxix. 

1  H.  649,  3  ;  M.  283  ;  A.  &  G.  293,  &,  3  ;  G.  640,  4,  (2)  ;  B.  304,  3,  6. 

2  H.  510  ;  M.  366  ;  A.  &  G.  308  ;  G.  597  ;  B.  304. 


14  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

Dictatorship  of  Cincinnatus,  458  b.c. 

17.  Sequent!  tamen  anno  cum  in  Algido  monte  ab  urbe 
duodecimo  ferm6  miliario  Eomanus  obsideretar  exercitus,  L. 
Quintius  Cincinnatus  dictator  est  factus,  qui  agrum  quattuor 
iugerum  ^  possidens  manibus  suis  colebat.     Is  cum  in  opere 

5  et  arans  asset  inventus,  sudore  detersQ  togam  praetextam 
accepit  et  caesis  hostibus  llberavit  exercitum. 

Decemvirs  appointed,  451  b.c.  Laws  of  XII  Tables  ^womul- 
gated,  450  b.c.  Death  of  Virginia;  Decemvirs  deposed, 
449  B.C. 

18.  Anno  trecentesimo  et  altero  ab  urbe  condita  imperium 
consulare  cessavit  et  pro  duobus  consulibus  decern  fact! 
sunt,  qui  summam  potestatem  haberent,  decemviri  nominatl. 

10  Sed  cum  primo  anno  bene  egissent,^  secundo  unus  ex  his, 
Ap.  Claudius,  Virgin!  cuiusdam,  qu!  honestis  iam  stlpendils, 
contra  Latinos  in  monte  Algido  militarat,^  filiam  virginem 
corrumpere  voluit ;  quam  pater  occidit,  ne  stuprum  a  decem- 
viro   sustineret,   et   regressus  ad  mllites  movit  tumultum. 

15  Sublata  est  decemviris  ^  potestas  ipsique  damnat!  sunt. 

Revolt  of  the  Fidenates,  438  b.c. 

19.  Anno  trecentesimo  et  quinto  decimo  ab  urbe  condita 
Fidenates  contra  Romanes  rebellaverunt.  Auxilium  his 
praestabant  V^ientes  et  r6x  Veientium  Tolumnius.  Quae 
ambae  civitat6s  tam  vicinae  urbi  sunt  ut  Fidenae  sexto, 

20  V6i   octavo   decimo  miliario  absint.     Coniunxerunt  se  his 

1  II.  396,  V ;  M.  223  ;  A.  &  G.  215,  h  ;  G.  365 ;  B.  203,  2. 

2  H.  515,  III ;  M.  378,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  326  ;  G.  587  ;  B.  309,  3. 

8  II.  235  ;  M.  100,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  128,  a ;  G.  131,  1 ;  B.  116,  1. 

*  H.  385,  II,  2 ;  M.  211 ;  A.  &  G.  229 ;  G.  346,  r.  1 ;  B.  188,  2,  d. 


LIBKK  I.  15 

et  Volscl.  Sed  Mam.  Aemilio  dictatore  et  L.  Quintio  Cin- 
cimiato  niagistro  equitiim  victi  etiam  regem  perdiderunt. 
Fidenae  captae  et  excisae. 

War  with  Vei,  396  b.c. 

20.  Post  viginti  delude  aniios  Veientaiii  rebellaverunt. 
5  Dictator  contra  ipsos  missus  est  Furius  Camillus,  qui  primum 
cos  vicit  acie,  mox  etiam  clvitatem  diti  obsidens  cepit, 
antlquissimam  Italiae  atque  ditissimam.  Post  earn  cepit 
et  Faliscos,  noii  minus  nobilem  clvitatem.  Sed  commota 
est  ei  invidia,  quasi  praedam  male  divisisset,  damnatusque 
10  ob  earn  causam  et  expulsus  civitate.^ 

Home  Captured  hy  the  Gauls,  390  b.c. 

Statim  Galli  Senones  ad  urbem  venerunt  et  victos  Ro- 
manos  undecimo  miliario  a  Roma  apud  flumen  Alliam  secutT 
etiam  urbem  occupaverunt.  Neque  defend!  quicquam  nisi 
Capitolium  potuit;    quod  cum  diu  obsedissent  et  iam  Ro- 

15  manl  fame  laborarent,  accepto  auro,  ne  Capitolium  obside- 
rent,  recesserunt.  Sed  a  Camillo,  qui  in  vicina  civitate 
exsulabat,  Gallis  ^  superventum  est  gravissimeque  victi  sunt. 
Postea  tamen  etiam  secutus  eos  Camillus  ita  cecidit  ut  et 
aurum,  quod   liis   datum  fuerat,  et   omnia   quae   ceperant 

20  militaria  signa  revocaret.  Ita  tertio  triumphans  urbem 
ingressus  est  et  appellatus  secundus  Romulus,  quasi  et  ipse 
patriae  conditor. 

1  H.  414,  I ;  M.  236  ;  A.  &  G.  243  ;  G.  390,  2  ;  B.  214,  1. 

2  H.  384,  II,  5 ;  M.  205,  n.  ;  A.  &  G.  230 ;  G.  217  ;  B.  187,  II,  5. 


16  EUTROPI  BREVIARH 


LIBER   SECUNDUS 


From  the  Capture   of   the  City  to   the  End  of  the 
First  Punic  War,  390-241  b.c. 


Military  Tribunes  with  Consular  Power  Elected,  444  b.c. 

1.  Anno  trecentesimo  sexagesimo  quinto  ab  urbe  condita, 
post  cap  tarn  autem  prim  6,  dignitates  mtitatae  sunt,  et  pro 
duobiis  consulibus  facti  tribunlmilitares  consular!  potestate. 
Hinc  iam  coepit  Romana  res  crescere.     Nam  Camillus  eo 

5  anno  Volscorum  civitatem,  quae  per  septuaginta  annos 
bellum  gesserat,  vicit  et  Aequorum  urbem  et  Sutrinorum 
atque  omnes  deletis  earundem  exercitibus  occupavit  et  tres 
simul  triumphos  egit. 

2.  T.  etiam  Qulntius  Cincinnatus  Praenestinos,  qui  usque 
10  ad  urbis  Romae  portas  cum  bello  venerant,  persecfitus  ad 

flumen  Alliam  vicit,  octo  civitates,  quae  sub  ipsis  agebant, 
Roraanis  aditinxit,  ipsum  Praeneste  aggressus  in  deditionem 
accgpit.  Quae  omnia  ab  eo  gesta  sunt  viginti  diebus,^ 
triumphusque  ipsi  dficretus. 

15  3.  Verum  dignitas  tribunorum  mllitarium  non  diu  perse- 
vgravit.  Nam  post  aliquantum  nullos  placuit  fieri  et  qua- 
driennium  in  urbe  ita  fluxit  ut  potestates  ibi  maiores  non 
essent.  PraestimpsSrunt  tamen  tribuni  militares  consularl 
potestate  iterum   dignitatem   et  triennio  persevSraverunt. 

20  Rursus  consults  facti. 

Death  of  Camillus,  365  B.C. 
4.   L.   Genucio  et  Q.    Servilio   consulibus    mortuus   est 
Camillus.     Honor  ei  post  Romulum  secundus  delatus  est. 
1  H.  429 ;  M.  243,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  256  ;  G.  393  ;  B.  231. 


LIBER   11.  17 

Invasion  of  the  Gauls  ;    Torquatus,  361  B.C. 

5.  T.  Quintius  dictator  adversus  Gallos,  qui  ad  Italiain 
venerant,  missus  est.  Hi  ab  urbe  quarto  mlliario  trans 
Anienem  fluviura  consederant.  Ibi  nobilissimus  de  sena- 
toribus  iuvenis  L.  Manlius  provocautem  Galium  ad  singulare 

5  certamen  progressus  occidit,  et  sublato  torque  aureo  coUo- 
que  suo  imposito  in  perpetuuin  TorquatI  et  sibi  et  posterls 
cognomen  accepit.  Galli  fugati  sunt,  mox  per  C.  Sulpicium 
dictatorem  etiam  victi.  Non  miilto  ^  post  a  C.  Marcio  Tusci 
victi  sunt  et  octo  milia  captivoriim  ex  his  in  triumphum 

10  ducta. 

First  Samnite  War,  343-341  b.c. 

6.  Census  iterum  habitus  est.  Et  cum  Latinl,  qui  a  Ro- 
manis  -  subacti  erant,  mllites  praestare  nollent,  ex  Eomanis 
tantum  tirones  lecti  sunt,  factaeque  legiones  decern,  qui  mo- 
dus sexaginta  vel  amplius  armatorum  milia  efficiebat.  Parvis 

15  adhtic  Romanis  rebus  tanta  tamen  in  re  militari  virtus  erat. 
Quae  cum  profectae  essent  adversum  Gallos  duce  L.  Furio, 
quidam  ex  Gallis  unum  ex  Romanis,  qui  esset^  optimus, 
provocavit.  Tum  se  M.  Valerius  tribtinus  mllitum  obtulit, 
et  cum  processisset  armatus  corvus  el^  supra  dextrum  brac- 

20  chium  sedit.  Mox  commissa  adversum  Galium  pugna  Idem 
corvus  alls  et  unguibus  Galll  oculos  verberavit,  ne  rectum 
posset  aspicere.  Ita  a  tribuno  Valerio  interfectus.  Corvus 
non  solum  victoriam  el,  sed  etiam  nomen  dedit.  Nam 
postea  idem  Corvlnus  est  dictus.     Ac  propter  hoc  meritimi 

25  annorum  trium  et  viginti  consul  est  f actus. 

1  H.  423 ;  M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  403 ;  B.  223. 

2  H.  415,  I ;  M.  247,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  246  ;  G.  401 ;  B.  216. 

8  H.  503, 1 ;  M.  383,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  631,  1 ;  B.  283,  2. 

*  H.  384,  4,  N.  2  ;  M.  208;  A.  &  G.  235,  a  ;  G.  350,  1 ;  B.  188,  1. 

HAZ.  EUTROPIUS — 2 


18  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Latin  War,  340-^38  b.c. 

7.  Latini,  qui  noluerant  milit6s  dare,  hoc  quoque  a  Ro- 
manis  exigere  coeperuiit,  ut  tinus  consul  ex  eorum,  alter  ex 
Romanorum  populo  crearetur.  Quod  cum  esset  negatum, 
bellum  contra  eos  susceptum  est  et  ingenti  pugna  superati 

6  sunt ;  ac  de  his  perdomitis  triumphatum  est.  Statuae  con- 
sulibus  ob  meritum  victoriae  in  rostris  positae  sunt.  Eo 
anno  etiam  Alexandria  ab  Alexandro  Macedone  condita  est. 

Second  Samnite   War,  326-304  b.c. 

8.  lam  Roman!  potentes  esse  coeperunt.  Bellum  enim  in 
centesimo  et  tricesimo  fere  miliario  ab  urbe  apud  Samnltas 

10  gerebatur,  qui  medii  sunt  inter  Picenum,  Campaniam  et 
Apuliam.  L.  Papirius  Cursor  cum  honore  dictatoris  ad  id 
bellum  profectus  est.  Qui  cum  Romam  rediret,  Q.  Fabio 
Maximo,  magistro  equitum,  quern  apud  exercitum  reliquit, 
praecepit  ne  se  absente  pugnaret.^    Ille  occasione  reperta 

15  felicissime  dimicavit  et  Samnltas  delevit.  Ob  quam  rem  a 
dictatore  capitis^  damnatus,  quod  s6  vetante  pugnasset,^ 
ingenti  favore  militum  et  populi  liberatus  est,  tanta  Papirio 
seditione  commota  ut  paene  ipse  interficeretur. 

Romans  defeated  at  Caudine  Forks,  321  b.c. 

9.  Postea  Samnites  Romanes  T.  Veturio  et  Sp.  Postumio 
20  consulibus  ingenti  dedecore*  vicerunt  et  sub  iugum  mise- 

runt.     Pax  tamen  a  senatu  et  populo  soluta  est,  quae  cum 
ipsis  propter  necessitatem  facta  fuerat.      Postea  Samnites 

1  H.  498,  I ;  M.  333,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  331 ;  G.  546,  2  ;  B.  295,  1. 

2  H.  409,  II ;  M.  228  ;  A.  &  G.  220,  a  ;  G.  378,  3  ;  B.  208,  2,  a. 

«H.  235:  616,11;  M.  100,  1 :  357;  A.  &  G.  128,  a,  1 :  321,  G.  131,  1 : 
641 ;  B.  116,  1 :  286,  1. 

*  H.  419,  III ;  M.  246 ;  A.  &  G.  248  ;  G.  399  ;  B.  220,  1. 


LIBER   11.  19 

victi  sunt  a  L.  Papirio  consule,  septem  mllia  eorum  sub 
iugum  missa.  Papirius  primus  de  Samnitibus  triumphavit. 
Eo  tempore  Ap.  Claudius  censor  aquam  Claudiam  induxit 
et  viam  Appiam  stravit.  Samnites  reparato  bello  Q.  Fabium 
5  Maximum  vicerunt  tribus  mllibus  hominum  occlsis.  Postea, 
cum  pater  ei  Fabius  Maximus  legatus  datus  fuisset,  et 
Samnitas  vicit  et  pltirima  ipsorum  oppida  cepit.  Deinde 
P.  Cornelius  Eufinus  M.  Curius  Dentatus,  ambo  consules, 
contra  Samnitas  missi  ingentibus  proeliis  eos  confecere. 
10  Tum  bellum  cum  Samnitibus  per  annos  quadraginta  novem 
actum  sustulerunt.  Neque  ullus  hostis  fuit  intra  Italiam 
qui  Romanam  virtutem  magis  fatigaverit. 

War  ivith  the  Gauls,  and  Etruscans,  283  B.C. 

10.  Interiectis  aliquot  annis  iterum  se  Gallorum  copiae 
contra  Romanes  Ttiscls  Samnitibusque  itinxerunt,  sed  cum 

15  Romam  tenderent  a  Cn.  Cornelio  Dolabella  consule  deletae 
sunt.    . 

War  with  Tarentum  arid  Pyrrhus,  281-272  b.c.     Battle  of 
Heraclea,  280  b.c. 

11.  Eodem  tempore  Tarentinis,  qui  iam  in  ultima  Italia 
sunt,  bellum  indictum  est,  quia  legatis  Romanorum  iniuriam 
fecissent.      Hi  Pyrrhum/  Epiri    regem,    contra    Romanos 

20  auxilium  poposcerunt,  qui  ex  genere  Achillis  orlginem 
trahebat.  Is  mox  ad  Italiam  venit,  tumque  primum  Ro- 
manl  cum  transmarino  hoste  dimicaverunt.  Missus  est 
contra  eum  consul  P.  Valerius  Laevlnus,  qui  cum  explo- 
ratores  Pyrrhl  cepisset,  iussit  eos  per  castra  dud,  ostendi 

25  omnem  exercitum  tumque  dimitti,  ut  renuntiarent  Pyrrho 

1  H.  374  ;  M.  192,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  2-39,  c ;  G.  839,  a ;  B.  173,  1,  a. 


20  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

quaecumque  a  Romanis  agerentur.^  Commissa  mox  pugna, 
cum  iam  Pyrrhus  fugeret,  elephantorum  auxilio  vicit,  quos 
incognitos  Roman!  expaverimt.  Sed  nox  proelio  finem 
dedit ;  Laevinus  tamen  per  noctem  fugit,  Pyrrhus  Romanos 
5  mille  octingentos  cepit  et  eos  summo  honore  tractavit,  occi- 
sos  sepelivit.  Quos  cum  adverso  vulnere  et  true!  vultti 
etiam  mortuos  iacere  vidisset,  tulisse  ad  caelum  mantis 
dicitur  cum  hac  voce :  se  totius  orbis  dominum  esse  potu- 
isse,  si  tales  sibi  milit^s  contigissent. 

Embassy  of  Cineas. 

10  12.  Postea  Pyrrhus  coniunctis  sibi  Samnitibus,  Lticanls, 
Bruttiis  Romam  perrexit,  omnia  f  erro  ^  ignique  vastavit,  Cam- 
paniam  populatus  est  atque  ad  Praeneste  venit,  mlliario  ab 
urbe  octavo  decimo.  Mox  terrore  ^  exercitus,  qui  eum  cum 
consule  sequebatur,  in  Campaniam  se  recepit.     Legati  ad 

15  Pyrrhum  de  redimendis  captlvis*  missi  ab  eo  honorifice 
suscepti  sunt.  Captivos  sine  pretio  Romam  misit.  Unum 
ex  legatis  Romanorum,  Fabricium,  sic  admiratus,  cum  eum 
pauperem  esse  cognovisset,  ut  quarta  parte  regnl  promissa 
sollicitare  voluerit  ut  ad  se  transiret,  contemptusque  est  a 

20  Fabricio.  Quare  cum  Pyrrhus  Romanorum  ingenti  admira- 
tione  teneretur,  legatum  misit,  qui  pacem  acquis  condicio- 
nibus  peteret,  praecipuum  virum,  Cineam  nomine/  ita  ut 
Pyrrhus  partem  Italiae,  quam  iam  armis  occupaverat, 
obtingret. 

25      13.  Pax  displicuit  remandatumque  Pyrrho  est  a  senatu  eum 

1  H.  629,  I ;  M.  388  ;  A.  &  G.  334  ;  G.  467  ;  B.  300,  1,  a. 

2  H.  420  ;  M.  247,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  248,  c,  1 ;  G.  401 ;  B.  218.   * 
8  H.  416  ;  M.  254  ;  A.  &  G.  245  ;  G.  408  ;  B.  219. 

♦  H.  542,  TV  :  544, 1  ;  M.  292  :  297  ;  A.  &  G.  301 ;  G.  438  ;  B.  388,  4,  b  : 
339,  1. 

5  H.  424  ;  M.  238,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  263  ;  G.  397  ;  B.  226. 


LIBER   11.  21 

cum  Komanis,  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset/  pacem  habere  non 
posse.  Turn  Komani  iuss6runt  captivos  omnes,  quos  Pyrrhus 
reddiderat,  infames  haberi,  quod  armati  cap!  potuissent,  nee 
ante  eos  ad  veterem  statum  reverti,  quam  si  binorum  ho- 

5  stium  occlsorum  spolia  retulissent.  Ita  legatus  Pyrrhi  rever- 
sus  est.  A  quo  cum  quaereret  Pyrrlius,  qualem  Eomam 
comperisset,  Cineas  dixit  regum  se  patriam  vidisse ;  scilicet 
tales  illlc  fere  omnes  esse,  qualis  unus  Pyrrhus  apud  Epirum 
et  reliquam  Graeciam  putaretur.^ 

10  Missi  sunt  contra  Pyrrhum  duces  P.  Sulpicius  et  Decius 
Mus  consules.  Certamine  commisso  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est, 
elephant!  interfecti,  viginti  milia  caesa  hostium,  et  ex  Eo- 
manis  tantum  quinque  mIlia;  Pyrrhus  Tarentum  fugatus. 

Fabricius;  Battle  of  Beneventum,  275  b.c. 

14.   Interiecto  anno  contra  Pyrrhum  Fabricius  est  missus, 
15  qui  prius  inter  legatos  sollicitari  non  poterat  quarta  regni 
parte  promissa.    Tum,  cum  vicina  castra  ipse  et  rex  haberent, 
medicus  Pyrrhi  nocte  ad  euni  venit,  promittens  veneno  se 
Pyrrhum  occlsiirum,  si  sibi  aliquid  polliceretur.     Quem  Fa- 
bricius vinctum  reduci  iussit  ad  dominum  Pyrrhoque  dici 
20  quae  contra  caput  eius  medicus  spopondisset.      Tum  rex 
admiratus  eum  dixisse  f ertur :  '  Ille  est  Fabricius,  qui  diffici- 
lius  ab  honestate  quam  sol  a  cursu  suo  avert!  potest.'     Tum 
rex  ad  Siciliam  profectus  est.     Fabricius  victis  Lucanis  et 
Samn!tibus  triumphavit. 
25       Consules  deinde  M.  Curius  Dentatus  et  Cornelius  Lentu- 
lus  adversum  Pyrrhum  miss!  sunt.     Curius  contra  eum  pu- 
gnavit,  exercitum  eius  cec!dit,  ipsum  Tarentum  fugavit,  castra 

1  H.  508  :  527,  I ;  M.  363  :  402 ;  A.  &  G.  307,  c  :  337,  3 ;  G.  595,  r.  1  ; 
B.  319,  B,  3rd  ex.  a. 

2  H.  524  ;  M.  392 ;  A.  &  G.  336,  2  ;  G.  650  ;  B.  314,  1. 


22  EUTROPl  BREVIARII 

cepit.  Ea  die  caesa  hostium  viginti  tria  nulia.  Curius  in 
consulatu  triumphavit.  Primus  Romam  elephantos  quat- 
tiior  (luxit.  Pyrrhus  etiam  a  Tarento  ^  mox  recessit  et  apud 
Argos,  Graeciae  civitatem,  occlsus  est. 
5  15.  C.  Fabio  Licinio  C.  Claudio  Oaniiia  consulibiis  anno 
urbis  conditae  quadringentesimo  sexagesimo  prlnio  legati 
Alexandrmi  a  Ptolemaeo  missi  Romam  venere  et  a  Romanis 
amicitiam  quam  petierant  obtinuerunt. 

16.  Q.  Ogulnio  C.  Fabio  Pictore  consulibus  Picentes  bel- 
10  lum  commovere  et  ab  Insequentibiis  consulibus  P.  Sempronio 

Ap.  Claudio  victi  sunt;  et  de  his  triumphatum  est.  Con- 
ditae a  Romanis  civitates  Ariminum  in  Gallia  et  Beneven- 
tum  in  Samnio. 

17.  M.  Atilio  Regulo  L.  Itilio  Libone  consulibus  Sallentinis 
15  in  Apulia  bellum  indictum  est,  captique  sunt  cum  civitate 

simul  Brundisini,  et  de  his  triumphatum  est. 

First  Punic  War,  264-241  b.c.  ;  Romans  victorious  in  Sicily, 

264  B.C. 

18.  Anno  quadringentesimo  septuagesimo  septimo,  cum 
iam  clarum  urbis  Romae  nomen  esset,  arma  tamen  extra 
Italiam  mota  non  fuerant.     Ut  igitur  cognosceretur  -  quae 

20  copiae  Romanorum  essent,  census  est  habitus.  Turn  inventa 
sunt  civium  capita  ducenta  nonaginta  duo  milia  trecenta  tri- 
ginta  quattuor,  quamquam  a  condita  urbe  numquam  bella 
cessassent. 

Et  contra  Afros  bellum  susceptum  est  primum  Ap.  Claudio 

25  Q.  Fulvio  consulibus.  In  Sicilia  contra  eos  pugnatum  est  et 
Ap.  Claudius  de  Afris  et  rege  Siciliae  Hierone  triumphavit. 

1  H.  412,  3,  N. ;  M.  238,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  a,  n.  1 ;  G.  301,  r.  1  ;  B.  229,  2. 

2  H.  407,  II ;  M.  328 ;  A.  &  G.  317,  1  ;  G.  545,  1 ;  B.  282,  1. 


LIBER  n.  23 

19.  Insequenti  anno  Valerio  Marco  et  Otacilio  Crasso  con- 
sulibus  in  Sicilia  a  Eomanis  res  magnae  gestae  sunt.  Tauro- 
menitani,  Catinenses  et  praeterea  qumquaginta  civitates  in 
fidem  acceptae.     Tertio  anno  in  Sicilia  contra  Hieronem, 

5  regem  Siculorum,  belluni  paratum  est.  Is  cum  omnI  nobili- 
tate  Syracusanorum  pacem  a  Romanis  impetravit  deditque 
argentl^  ducenta  talenta.  Afri  in  Sicilia  victi  sunt  et  de 
his  secundo  Romae  triumphatum  est. 

Battle  of  Mylae,  260  b.c. 

20.  Qulnto  anno  priml  belli,  quod  contra  Afros  gerebatur, 
10  primum  R-omani  C.  Duilio  et  Cn.  Cornelio  Asina  consulibus 

in  marl  dimicaverunt  paratis  navibus  rostratis,  quas  Libur- 
nas  vocant.  Consul  Cornelius  fraude  deceptus  est.  Duilius 
commisso  proelio  Karthaginiensium  ducem  vicit,  triginta  et 
tinam  naves  cepit,  quattuordecim  mersit,  septem  milia  ho- 

15  stium  cepit,  tria  milia  occldit.  Neque  ulla  victoria  Romanis  ^ 
gratior  f uit,  quod  invicti  terra  ^  iam  etiam  marl  ^  plurimuni 
possent. 

C.  Aqullio  Floro  L.  Sclpione  consulibus  Sclpio  Corsicam 
et  Sardiniam  vastavit,  multa  milia  inde  captivorum  abduxit, 

20  triumphum  egit. 

Invasion  of  Africa  by  the  Romans,  256  B.C. 

21.  L.  Manlio  Vulsone  M.  Atllio  Regulo  consulibus  bellum 
in  Africam  translatum  est.  Contra  Hamilcarem,  Karthagi- 
niensium ducem,  in  marl  pugnatum,  victusque  est.  Kam 
perditis  sexaginta  quattuor  navibus  retro  se  recepit.     Ro- 

25  mani  viginti  duas  amiserunt.     Sed  cum  in  Africam  transls- 

1  H.  396,  V ;  M.  221 ;  A.  &  G.  214,  e  ;  G.  368  ;  B.  197. 

2  H.  391,  I,  footnote  ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  2.34,  a ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 

«  H.  425,  II,  2  ;  M.  241,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  d ;  G.  385,  n.  1  ;  B.  228,  1,  c. 


24  EUTROri  BRP]VIARII 

sent,  piimam  Clypeain,  Africae  civitatem,  in  deditiOnem 
accgperunt.  Consules  usque  ad  Karthaginem  processerunt, 
multlsque  castellis  vastatis  Manlius  victor  Eomam  rediit  et 
viginti  septeni   milia  captivorum  reduxit,  Atilius  Eegulus 

5  in  Africa  remansit.  Is  contra  Afros  aciem  instruxit.  Con- 
tra tres  Karthaginiensium  duces  dimicans  victor  fuit,  decern 
et  octo  mIlia  hostium  cecidit,  quinque  milia  cum  decern  et 
octo  elephantis  cepit,  septuaginta  quattuor  civitates  in  fidem 
aceepit.     Turn  victi  Karthaginienses  pacem  a  Romanis  peti- 

10  verunt.  Quam  cum  Eegulus  nollet  nisi  durissimis  condicio- 
nibus  dare,  Afrl  auxilium  a  Lacedaemoniis  petiverunt.  Et 
duce  Xanthippe,  qui  a  Lacedaemoniis  missus  fuerat,  Roma- 
norum  dux  Eegulus  victus  est  ultima  pernicie.  Nam  duo 
milia  tantum  ex  omni  Eomano  exercitu  refuge  runt,  quin- 

15  genti  cum  imperatore  Eegulo  capti  sunt,  triginta  milia 
occisa,  Eegulus  ipse  in  catenas  coniectus. 

Romans  shipwrecked  near  Sicily. 

22.  M.  Aemilio  Paulo  Ser.  Fulvio  Nobiliore  consulibus  ambo 
Eomani  consules  ad  Africam  profecti  sunt  cum  trecentarum 
navium  classe.  Primum  Afros  navali  certamine  superant. 
20  Aemilius  consul  centum  et  quattuor  naves  hostium  demer- 
sit,  triginta  cum  pugnatoribus  cepit,  quindecim  milia  ho- 
stium aut  occidit  aut  cepit,  militem  suum  ingenti  praeda 
ditavit.  Et  subacta  Africa -tunc  fuisset,  nisi  quod  tanta 
fames   erat   ut    diutius   exercitus   exspectare    non    posset. 

25  Consules  cum  victrici  classe  redeuntes  circa  Siciliam  nau- 
fragium  pass!  sunt.  Et  tanta  tempestas  fuit  ut  ex  quadrin- 
gentls  sexaginta  quattuor  navibus  tantum  octoginta  servarl 
potuerint;  neque  tillo  tempore  tanta  maritima  tempestas 
audita  est.     Eomani  tamen  statim  ducentas  navSs  repara- 

30  v6runt,  neque  in  aliquo  animus  his  Infractus  fuit. 


LIBER  II.  25 

23.  Cn.  Servilius  Caepio  C.  Sempronms  Blaesus  consules 
cum.  ducentis  sexagiiita  navibus  ad  Africam  profecti  sunt. 
Aliquot  civitates  ceperunt.  Praedam  ingentem  reducentes 
naufragium  pass!  sunt.     Itaque  cum  continuae  calamitates 

5  Eomanis  ^  displicerent,  decrevit  senatus  ut  a  maritimis  proe- 
liis  recederetur  et  tantum  sexaginta  nav6s  ad  praesidium 
italiae  salvae  essent. 

Battle  of  Panormus,  250  b.c. 

24.  L.  Caecilio  Metello  C.  Furio  Placido  consulibus  Metel- 
lus  in  Sicilia  Af  rorum  ducem  cum  centum  triginta  elephantis 

10  et  magnis  copils  venientem  superS,vit,  viginti  milia  hostium 
cecidit,  sex  et  viginti  elephantos  cepit,  reliquos  errantes 
per  Numidas,  quos  in  auxilium  habebat,  conlegit  et  Komam 
dedtixit  ingenti  pompa,  cum  elephantorum  numerus  omnia 
itinera  compleret. 

Regulus  sent  to  Rome  to  solicit  Peaces  250  b.c. 

15  25.  Post  haec  mala  Karthaginienses  Eegulum  ducem, 
quern  ceperant,  petiverunt  ut  Romam  proficisceretur  et  pacem 
a  Romanis  obtingret  ac  permutationem  captivorum  faceret. 
Ille  Romam  cum  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum  nihil  quasi 
Romanus  egit  dixitque  se  ex  ilia  die,^  qua  in  potestatem 

20  Afrorum  venisset,  Romanum  esse  deslsse.  Itaque  et  uxo- 
rem  a  complexu  removit  et  senatui  suasit  ne  pax  cum 
Poenis  fieret;  illos  enim  fractos  tot  casibus  sj^em  nullam 
habere ;  se  tanti  ^  non  esse,  ut  tot  mIlia  captivorum  propter 
unum  se  et  senem  et  paucos,  qui  ex  Romanis  capti  ^  fuerant, 

1  H.  385,  I ;  M.  205  ;  A.  &  G.  227  ;  G.  340  ;  B.  187,  II,  «. 

2  H.  123  ;  M.  55,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  73  ;  G.  64  ;  B.  53. 

8  H.  404  ;  M.  224 ;  A.  &  G.  252,  a  ]   G.  380  ;  B.  203,  3. 

*  H.  624,  2,  2  ;  M.  392,  n.  3  ;  A,  &  G.  336,  d ;  G.  628,  r.  a  ;  B.  314,  3. 


26  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

redderentur.  Itaque  obtinuit.  Nam  Afros  pacem  petentgs 
ntillus  admisit.  Ipse  Karthaginem  rediit,  offerentibusque 
Romanis  ut  eum  Romae  tenerent,  negavit  se  in  ea  iirbe 
mansurum  in  qua,  postquam  Afris  servierat,  dignitatem 
5  honesti  civis  habere  non  posset.  Regressiis  igitur  ad  Afri- 
cam  omnibus  suppliciis  exstinctus  est. 

Puhlius  Claudius  defeated  near  Drepana,  249  b.c. 

26.  P.  Claudio  Pulchro  L.  lunio  consulibus  Claudius 
contra  auspicia  pugnavit  et  a  Karthaginiensibus  victus  est. 
Nam   ex   ducentis   et  viginti   navibus  cum   triginta  fugit, 

10  nonaginta  cum  ptignatoribus  captae  sunt,  demersae  ceterae. 
Alius  quoque  consul  naufragio  classem  amisit,  exercitum 
tamen  salvum  habuit,  quia  vicina  litora  erant. 

Battle  of  Lilybaeum,  242  b.c.     Battle  of  the  Aegates  Islands 
and  End  of  the   War,  241  b.c. 

27.  C.  Lutatio  Catulo  A.  Postumio  Albino  consulibus,  anno 
belli  Punici  vicesimo  et  tertio  Catulo  bellum  contra  Afros 

15  commissum  est.  Profectus  est  cum  trecentis  navibus  in 
Siciliara ;  Afrl  contra  ipsum  quadringentas  paraverunt. 
Numquam  in  marl  tantis  copiis  pugnatum  est.  Lutatius 
Catulus  navem  aeger  ascendit;  vulneratus  enim  in  pugna 
superiore   fuerat.      Contra   Lilybaeum,   civitatem   Siciliae, 

20  pugnatum  est  ingenti  virtute  Romanorum.  Nam  Lxin  Kar- 
thaginiensium  iiav6s  captae  sunt,  cxxv  demersae,  xxxii 
milia  hostium  capta,  xiii  milia  occisa,  infinitum  aurT,  ar- 
gent!, praedae  in  potestatem  Romanorum  redactum.  Ex 
classe  Romana  xii  naves  demersae.     Pugnatum  est  vi  Idus 

25  Martias.  Statim  pacem  Karthagini6ns6s  petlv6runt  tributa- 
que  est  his  pax.  Captlvi  Romanorum  qui  tenebantur  a 
Karthaginiensibus    redditi  sunt.      Etiam    Karthaginifins^s 


LIBER  m.  27 

petiverunt  iit  redinii  eos  captivos  liceret  quos  ex  Afris 
Roman!  tenebant.  Senatus  iussit  sine  pretio  eos  dari  qui 
in  publica  custodia  essent ;  qui  autem  a  privatis  tenerentur 
lit  pretio  dominls  reddito  Karthagineni  redirent   atque   id 

5  pretium  ex  fisco  magis  qiiam  a  Karthaginiensibus  solveretur. 

28.   Q.  Lutatius  A.  Manlius  consules  creati  bellum  Fali- 

scls  intulerunt,  quae  civitas  Italiae  opulenta  quondam  fuit. 

Quod  ambo  consules  intra  sex  dies,  quam  venerant,  transe- 

gerunt  xv  milibus   hostium   caesis,  ceteris  pace  concessa, 

10  agro  tamen  ex  medietate  sublato. 


LIBER   TERTIUS 

From  the  End  of  the  First  to  the  End  of  the 
Second  Punic  War,  241-201  b.c. 


1.  Finito  igitur  Punico  bello,  quod  per  xxiii  annos  tra- 
ctum  est,  Roman!  iam  clarissima  gloria  not!  legatos  ad  Ptole- 
maeum,  Aegypt!  regem,  m!serunt  auxilia  promittentes,  quia 
rex   Syriae   Antiochus   bellum   e!   intulerat.      Ille    gratias 

15  Roman!s  egit,  auxilia  non  accepit.  Iam  enim  fuerat  pugna 
transacta.  Eodem  tempore  potentissimus  rex  Siciliae  Hiero 
Romam  venit  ad  ludos  spectandos  ^  et  ducenta  m!lia  modio- 
rum  ^  tritic!  populo  donum  exhibuit. 

Sardinia  taken  by  the  Romans,  238  b.c. 

2.  L.  Cornelio  Lentulo  Fulvio  Flacco  consulibus,  quibus 
20  Hiero  Romam  venerat,  etiam  contra  Ligures  intra  Italiam 

bellum  gestum  est  et  de  his  triumphatum.    Karthaginienses 

1  H.  542,  III :  544,  1  ;  M.  291 :  297  ;  A.  &  G.  300  ;  G.  432  ;  B.  338,  3 :  339. 

2  H.  396,  V ;  M.  223  ;  A.  &  G.  215,  h  ;  G.  365 ;  B.  203,  2. 


28  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

tamen  bellum  reparare  temptabant,  Sardinignses,  qui  ex 
condicione  pacis  Romanis  parere  debebant,  ad  rebellandum  ^ 
impellentes.  Venit  tamen  Romam  legatio  Karthaginiensium 
et  pacem  impetravit. 
5  3.  T.  Manlio  Torquato  C.  Atllio  Biilco  consiilibns  de 
Sardis  triiimphatum  est,  et  pace  omnibus  locis  facta  Roman! 
nullum  bellum  liabuerunt,  quod  his  post  Romam  conditam 
semel  tantum  Numa  Pompilio  regnante  contigerat. 

War  with  the  IllyrianSf  229  B.C. 

4.  L.  Postumius  Albinus  Cn.  Fulvius  Centumalus  consules 
10  bellum  contra  Illyrios  gesserunt  et  multis  civitatibus  captis 

etiam  reg.es  in  deditionem  acceperunt.     Ac  tum  primum  ex 
Illyriis  triumphatum  est. 

Invasion  of  the  Gauls,  225  b.c. 

5.  L.  Aemilio  consule  ingentes  Gallorum  copiae  Alpes  tran- 
sierunt.     Sed  pro  Komanis  tota  Italia  consensit,  traditum- 

15  que  est  a  Fabio  historico,  qui  ei  bell6  interfuit,  dccc  milia 
hominum  parata  ad  id  bellum  fuisse.  Sed  res  per  consulem 
tantum  prospere  gesta  est.  xl  milia  hostium  interf ecta 
sunt  et  triumphus  Aemilio  d6cr6tus. 

6.  Aliquot  delude  annis  post  contra  Gallos  intra  Italiam 
20  pugnatum  est,  finitumque  bellum  M.  Claudio  Marcello  et 

Cn.  Cornelio  Sclpione  consulibus.  Tum  Marcellus  cum^ 
parva  manu  equitum  dimicavit  et  regem  Gallorum,  Virido- 
marum  nomine,  manu  sua  occidit.  Postea  cum  conlega 
ingentes  copias  Gallorum  perSmit,  Mediolanum  expugnavit, 
25  grandem  praedam  Romam  pertulit.  Ac  triumphans  Mar- 
cellus spolia  Galll  stipiti  imposita  umerls  suTs  vexit. 

1  H.  642,  III ;  M.  291  ;  A.  &  G.  300 ;  G.  432  ;  B.  338,  3. 
■^  H.  419,  I  ;  M.  244  :  A.  &  G.  248,  a  ;  G.  392  ;  B.  222. 


LIBER  TIL  29 

Second  Punic  War  begun,  218  b.c. 

7.    M.  Minucio  Ruf  o  P.  Cornelio  consulibus  Histris  belluni 

inlatum  est,  quia  latvocinati  navibus  Romanorum  fuerant, 

(^uae  frumenta  exhibebant,  perdomitique  sunt  omnes.  Eodem 

anno  belluni  Punicuni  secundum  Romanis  inlatum  est  per 

5  Hannibalem,  Karthaginiensium  dueem,  qui  Saguntum,  His- 

paniae   cTvitatem  Romanis^  amicam,  oppugnare  aggressus 

est,  annum  agens  vicesimum  aetatis,  copiis  congregatis  cl 

milium.     Huic  Roman!  per  legates  denuntiaverunt  ut  bello 

abstineret.      Is   legatos   admittere  noluit.      Roman!  etiam 

10  Kartliaginem  m!serunt,  ut  mandaretur  Hannibal!^  ne  bellum 

contra   socios   popul!   Roman!   gereret.      Dura  responsa  a 

Karthaginiensibus  data  sunt.     Sagunt!n!  interea  fame  victi 

sunt,   capt!que    ab   Hannibale   ultim!s   poen!s   adficiuntur. 

Bellum  Karthaginiensibus  indictum  est. 

Hannibal  crosses  the  Alps. 

15  8.  Tum  P.  Cornelius  Sclpio  cum  exercitu  in  Hispaniam 
profectus  est,  Ti.  Sempronius  in  Siciliam.  Hannibal  relicto 
in  Hispania  fratre  Hasdrubale  Pyrenaeum  transiit.  Alpes, 
adlific  ea  parte  ^  invias,  sibi  patefecit.  Traditur  ad  Italiam 
Lxxx  m!lia  peditum,  x  m!lia  equitum,  septem  et  xxx  ele- 

20  phantos  adduxisse.  Interea  mult!  Ligures  et  Gall!  Hannibal! 
se  conitinxerunt.  Sempronius  Gracchus  cognito  ad  Italiam 
Hannibalis  adventu  ex  Sicilia  exercitum  Ariminum  traiecit. 

Battle  of  the  Trebia,  218  b.c.    Battle  of  Traswnenus,  217  b.c. 

9.   P.  Cornelius  Scipio  Hannibal!  pr!mus  occurrit.     Com- 

misso  proelio,  fugatis  su!s  ipse  vulneratus  in  castra  rediit. 

1  H.  391,  I ;  M.  214 ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 

2  H.  384,  5 ;  M.  205,  n.;  A.  &  G.  230 ;  G.  217  ;  B.  187,  II,  h. 

8  H.  425,  II,  2  ;  M.  241,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  258,/,  2  ;  G.  385,  n.  1 ;  B.  228,  1,  h. 


30  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Sempronius  Gracchus  et  ipse  confllgit  apud  Trebiam  amnem. 
Is  quoque  vincitur.  Hannibal!  multi  se  in  Italia  dediderunt. 
Inde  ad  Tusciam  veniens  Hannibal  Flaminio  consul!  occur- 
rit.  Ipsum  Flaminium  interemit;  Romanorum  ixv  m!lia 
5  caesa  sunt,  c6terl  diffuggrunt.  Missus  adversus  Hannibalem 
postea  a  Romanis  Q.  Fabius  Maximus.  Is  eum  differendo  ^ 
ptignam  ab  impetu  f regit,  mox  inventa  occasione  vicit. 

Battle  of  Cannae,  216  b.c. 

10.  Quingentesimo  et  quadragesimo  anno  a  condita  urbe 
L.  Aemilius  Paulus  P.  Terentius  Varro  contra  Hannibalem 

10  mittuntur  Fabioque  succedunt,  qu!  abiens  ambo  consules 
monuit  ut  Hannibalem,  callidum  et  impatientem  ducem, 
non  aliter  vincerent  quani  proelium  differendo.^  Verum 
cum  impatientia  Varronis  consulis  contradicente  altero  con- 
suls apud  vicum,  qui  Cannae  appellatur,  in  Apulia  pugna- 

15  turn  esset,  ambo  consules  ab  Hannibale  vincuntur.  In  ea 
pugna  tria  milia  Af rorum  pereunt ;  magna  pars  de  exercitu 
Hannibalis  sauciatur.  Nullo  tamen  proelio  Punico  bello 
Roman!  gravius  accept!  sunt.  Periit  enim  in  eo  consul 
Aemilius  Paulus,  consulares  aut  praetori!  xx,  senatores  capt! 

20  aut  occisi  xxx,  nobiles  viri  ccc,  militum  xl  nnlia,  equitum 
III  m!lia  et  quingenti.  In  quibus  mal!s  nemo  tamen  Roma- 
norum pacis  mentionem  habere  d!gnatus  est.  Serv!,  quod 
numquam  ante,  manumiss!  et  m!lites  fact!  sunt. 

War  in  Spain,  218  b.c. 

11.  Post  earn  pugnam  multae  Italiae  c!vitat6s,  quae  Ro- 
25  manis  paruerant,  s6  ad  Hannibalem  transtul6runt.    Hannibal 

Romanis  obtulit  ut  captivos  redimerent,  responsumque  est  a 

1  H.  542,  IV,  (1);  M.  292 ;  A.  &  G.  301,  1  ;  G.  431  ;  B.  338,  4,  a. 


LIBER  III.  31 

senatu  eos  cives  non  esse  necessarios  qui,  cum  armati  essent, 
capi  potuissent.  Ille  omnes  postea  varils  supplicils  inter- 
fecit  et  tres  modios  anulorum  aureorum  Karthaginem  mlsit, 
quos  ex  manibus  equitum  Roinanorum,  senatorum  et  mili- 
5  turn  detraxerat.  Interea  in  Hispania,  ubi  frater  Hannibalis 
Hasdrubal  remanserat  cum  magno  exercitu,  ut  earn  totam 
Afris^  subigeret,  a  duobus.  Scipionibus,  Romanis  ducibus, 
vincitur.  Perdit  in  pugna  xxxv  milia  hominum ;  ex  his 
capiuntur  x  milia,  occiduntur  xxv  milia.  Mittuntur  ei  a 
10  Karthaginiensibus  ad  reparandas  vires  xii  milia  peditum, 
IV  milia  equitum,  xx  elephant!. 

Battle  near  Nola,  215  b.c. 

12.  Anno  quarto  postquam  ad  Italiam  Hannibal  venit, 
M.  Claudius  Marcellus  consul  apud  Nolam,  civitatem  Campa- 
niae,  contra  Hannibalem  bene  pugnavit.     Hannibal  multas 

15  civitates  Romanorum  per  Apuliam,  Calabriam,  Bruttios  occu- 
pavit.  Quo  tempore  etiam  rex  Macedoniae  Philippus  ad  eum 
legates  mlsit,  promittens  auxilia  contra  Komanos  sub  hac 
condicione,  ut  deletis  Romanls  ipse  quoqiie  contra  Graecos 
ab  Hannibale  auxilia  acciperet.    Captis  igitur  legatls  PhilippI 

20  et  re  cognita  RomanI  in  Macedoniam  M.  Valerium  Laevinum 
Ire  iusserunt,  in  Sardiniam  T.  Manlium  Torquatum  procon- 
sulem.  Nam  etiam  ea  sollicitata  ab  Hannibale  Romanes 
deseruerat. 

13.  Ita  uno  tempore  quattuor  locis  pugnabatur  :  in  Italia 
25  contra  Hannibalem,  in  Hispaniis  contra  fratrem  eius  Hasdru- 

balem,  in  Macedonia  contra  Philippum,  in  Sardinia  contra 
Sardos  et  alterum  Hasdrubalem  Karthaginiensem.  Is  a 
T.  Manlio  proconsule,  qui  ad  Sardiniam  missus  fuerat,  vivus 

1  H.  384,  II,  1,  2);  M.  208 ;  A.  &  G.  235 ;  G.  350,  2  ;  B.  188,  1. 


32  EUTROPI    BREVIARII 

est  captus,  occlsa  duodecim  milia,  capti  cum  eo  miUe 
qumgenti,  et  a  Komanis  Sardinia  subacta.  Manlius  victor 
captlvos  et  Hasdrubalem  Romam  reportavit.  Interea 
etiam  Philippus  a  Laevlno  in  Macedonia  vincitur  et  in 
5  Hispania  ab  Sclpionibus  Hasdrubal  et  Mago,  tertius  frater 
Hannibalis. 

Campaign  in  Sicily,  214-210  B.C. 

14.  Decimo  anno  ^  postquam  Hannibal  in  Italiam  venerat, 
P.  Sulpicio  Cn.  Fulvio  consulibiis  Hannibal  usque  ad  quar- 
tum  miliarium  urbis  accessit,  equites  eius  usque  ad  portam. 

10  Mox  consulum^  cum  exercitti  venientium  metu^  Hannibal 
ad  Campaniam  se  recepit.  In  Hispania  a  fratre  eius  Has- 
drubale  ambo  Scipiones,  qui  per  multos  annos  victores 
f uerant,  interficiuntur,  exercitus  tamen  integer  mansit ;  casu 
enini  magis  erant  quam  virttite  deceptl.    Quo  tempore  etiam 

15  a  consule  Marcello  Siciliae  magna  pars  capta  est,  quam 
tenere  Afri  coeperant,  et  nobilissima  urbs  Syracusana; 
praeda  ingens  Romam  perlata  est.  Laevlnus  in  Macedonia 
cum  Philippo  et  multis  Graeciae  populis  et  r6ge  Asiae  Attalo 
amicitiam  fecit,  et  ad  Siciliam  profectus  Hannonem  quen- 

20  dam,  Afrorum  ducem,  apud  Agrigentum  civitatem  cum  ipso 
oppido  c6pit  eumque  Romam  cum  captivis  nobilissimis  misit. 
XL  civitates  in  deditionem  accepit,  xxvi  expugnavit.  Ita 
omnis  Sicilia  recepta  est ;  ingenti  gloria  *  Romam  regressus 
est.      Hannibal    in    Italia   Cn.   Fulvium   consulem   subito 

25  aggressus  cum  octo  milibus  hominum  interfgcit. 

1  H.  429 ;  M.  243,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  266,  1 ;  G.  393  ;  B.  230. 

2  H.  39G,  III ;  M.  216,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  363,  2  ;  B.  200. 
8  11.  410  J  M.  254  ;  A.  &  G.  245  ;  G.  408  ;  B.  219. 

*  H.  419,  III ;  M.  246 ;  A.  &  G.  248 ;  G.  399 ;  B.  220. 


LIBER  III.  33 

War  in  Spain,  210-206  B.C. 

15.  Interea  ad  Hispanias,  ubi  occisis  duobus  Scipionibus 
nullus  Romanus  dux  erat,  P.  Cornelius  Scipio  mittitur, 
fllius  P.  Sclpionis,  qui  ibidem  bellum  gesserat,  annos  natiis 
quattuor  et  viginti,  vir  Romanorum  omnium  et  sua  aetate 

5  et  posteriore  tempore  fere  primus.  Is  Karthaginem  Hispa- 
niae  capit,  in  qua  omne  aurum,  argentum  et  belli  apparatum 
Afrl  habebant,  nobilissimos  quoque  obsides,  quos  ab  Hi- 
spanis  acceperant.  Magonem  etiam,  fratrem  Hannibalis, 
ibidem  capit,  quern  Romam  cum  aliis  niittit.    Romae  ^  ingens 

10  laetitia  x^ost  hunc  nuntium  fuit.  Scipio  Hispanorum  ob- 
sides parentibus  reddidit;  quare  omnes  fere  Hispani  uno 
animo  ad  eum  transierunt.  Post  quae  Hasdrubalem,  Han- 
nibalis fratrem,  victum  ^  fugat  et  praedam  maximam  capit. 

Recapture  of  TareiUnm,  209  b.c. 

16.  Interea  in  Italia  consul  Q.  Fabius  Maximus  Tarentum 
15  recepit,  in  qua  ingentes  copiae  Hannibalis  erant.     Ibi  etiam 

ducem  Hannibalis  Carthalonem  occidit,  xxv  milia  liominum 
captivorum  vendidit,  praedam  militibus  dispertivit,  pecu- 
niam  liominum  venditorum  ad  fiscum  rettulit.  Turn  multae 
civitates   Romanorum,   quae   ad    Hannibalem    transierant 

20  prius,  rursus  se  Fabio  Maximo  dediderunt.  Insequenti 
anno  Scipio  in  Hispania  egregias  res  egit  et  per  se  et  per 
fratrem  suum  L.  Scipionem  ;  lxx  civitates  receperunt.  In 
Italia  tamen  male  pugnatum  est.  Nam  Claudius  Marcellus 
consul  ab  Hannibale  occisus  est. 

25  17.  Tertio  anno  postquam  Scipio  ad  Hispanias  profectus 
f  uerat,  rursus  res  inclitas  gerit.    Regem  Hispaniarum  magno 

1  H.  425,  II;  M.  242,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  c,  2  ;  G.  411 ;  B.  232,  1. 

2  H.  549,  5 ;  M.  281,  4  ;  A.  &  G.  292,  r.;   G.  664,  r.  1,  2 ;  B.  337,  2. 

HAZ.  EUTROPIUS 3 


34  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

proelio  victum  in  aniicitiam  accepit  et  primus  omnium  a 
victo  obsides  non  poposcit. 

Battle  of  Metaurus,  207  B.C. 

18.  Desperans  Hannibal  Hispanias  contra  Scipionem  diu- 
tius  posse  retineri,  fratrem  suum  Hasdrubalem  ad  Italiam 

5  cum  omnibus  copiis  evocavit.  Is,  veniens  eodem  itinere  ^  quo 
etiam  Hannibal  venerat,  a  consulibus  Ap.  Claudio  Nerone 
et  M.  Livio  Salinatore  apud  Senam,  PicenI  civitatem,  in 
insidias  compositas  incidit.  Strenue  tamen  ptignans  occisus 
est;  ingentes  eius  copiae  captae  aut  interfectae  sunt,  ma- 

10  gnum  pondus  auri  atque  argenti  Romam  relatum  est.  Post 
haec  Hannibal  diffldere  iam  de  belli  coepit  eventu.  Roma- 
nls  ingens  animus  accessit;  itaque  et  ipsi  evocaverunt  ex 
Hispania  P.  Cornelium  Scipionem.  Is  Romam  cum  ingenti 
gloria  venit. 

15  19.  Q.  Caecilio  L.  Valerio  consulibus  omnes  civitates,  quae 
in  Bruttils  ab  Hannibale  tenebantur,  Romanis  se  tradiderunt. 

Scipio  crosses  into  Africa,  204  b.c. 
20.  Anno  quarto  decimo  posteaquam  in  Italiam  Hannibal 
venerat,  Scipio,  qui  multa  bene  in  Hispania  egerat,  consul 
est  factus  et  in  Africam  missus.     Cui  viro'^  divlnum  quid- 

20  dam  inesse  exlstimabatur,  adeo  ut  putaretur  etiam  cum  nu- 
minibus  habere  sermonem.  Is  in  Africa  contra  Hannonem, 
ducem  Afrorum,  pugnat;  exercitum  eius  interficit.  Se- 
cundo  proelio  castra  capit  cum  quattuor  mllibus  et  quln- 
gentls  mllitibus,  xi  mllibus  occlsls.     Syphacem,  Numidiae 

25  rggem,  qui  s6  Afris  coniunxerat,  capit  et  castra  eius  invadit. 
Syphax  cum  nobilissimis  Numidis  et  infinltis  spoliis  Romam 

1  H.  420,  1,  3);  M.  247,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  g\  G.  401  ;  B.  218,  9. 

2  H.  386 ;  M.  212,  n.  1 ;  A.  &  G.  228  ;  G.  347  ;  B.  187,  III. 


LIBER  III.  35 

a  ScTpione  mittitur.  Qua  re  audita  omnis  fere  Italia 
Hannibalem  deserit.  Ipse  a  Karthaginiensibus  redire  in 
Africam  iubetur,  quam  Scipio  vastabat. 

Efforts  for  Peace. 

21.  Ita  anno  se  timo  decimo  ab  Hannibale  Italia  liberata 
5  est.    Legati  Karthaginiensium  paceni  a  Scipione  petlverunt ; 

ab  eo  ad  senatum  Romam  missi  sunt.  Quadraginta  et  quln- 
que  diebus  his  indtitiae  datae  sunt,  quousque  ire  Romam  et 
regredl  possent^;  et  triginta  milia  pondo  argent!  ab  his 
accepta  sunt,  Senatus  ex  arbitrio  Scipionis  pacem  iussit 
10  cum  Karthaginiensibus  fieri.  Scipio  his  condicionibus 
dedit :  ne  amplius  quam  triginta  naves  haberent,^  ut  quin- 
genta  milia  pondo  argenti  darent,^  captivos  et  perfiigas 
redderent.^ 

22.  Interim  Hannibale  veniente  ad  Africam  pax  turbata 
15  est,  multa  hostilia  ab  Afris  facta  sunt.     Legati  tamen  eorum 

ex  urbe  venientes  a  Romanis  capti  sunt,  sed  iubente  Scipione 
dimissi.  Hannibal  quoque  frequentibus  proeliis  victus  a 
Scipione  petit  etiain  ipse  pacem.  Cum  ventum  esset  ad 
conloquium,   isdem   condicionibus   data    est    quibus   prius, 

20  additis  quingentis  milibus  pondo  argenti  centum  milibus 
librarum  propter  novam  perfidiam.  Karthaginiensibus  con- 
diciones  displicuerunt  iusseruntque  Hannibalem  pugnare. 
Inf ertur  a  Scipione  et  Masinissa,  alio  rege  Numidarum,  qui 
amicitiam  cum  Scipione  fecerat,  Karthagini  bellum.     Han- 

25  nibal  tres  exploratores  ad  Scipionis  castra  misit,  quos  captos 
Scipio  circumdtici  per  castra  iussit  ostendique  his  totum 
exercitum,  mox  etiam  prandium  dari  dimittique,  ut  rentin- 
tiarent  Hannibali  quae  apud  Romanes  vidissent. 

1  H.  519,  II,  2  ;  M.  354  ;  A.  &  G.  328 ;  G.  572 ;  B.  293,  III,  2. 

2  H.  523,  III,  and  footnote  4  ;  M.  393  ;  A.  &  G.  339  ;  G.  652  ;  B.  316. 


36  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

BatUe  of  Zamay  202  b.c.     End  of  the  Second  Punic  War, 

201  B.C. 

23.  Interea  proelium  ab  utroque  duce  instructum  est,  quale 

vix  tilla  memoria  fuit,  cum  peritissimi  viri  copias  suas  ad 

belluin  educerent.     Scipio  victor  recedit  paene  ipso  Hauni- 

bale  capto,  qui  primum  cum  multis  equitibus,  deinde  cum 

T)  viginti,  postremo  cum  quattuor  evasit.  Inventa  in  castrls 
Hannibalis  argent!  pondo  viginti  nulla,  aurl  octoginta,  cetera 
supellectilis  copiosa.  Post  id  certamen  pax  cum  Kartha- 
giniensibus  facta  est.  Scipio  Romam  rediit,  ingenti  gloria 
triumphavit  atque  Africanus  ex  eo  appellari  coeptus  est. 

10  Finem  accepit  secundum  Punieum  bellum  post  annum 
nonum  decimum  (piam  coeperat. 


LIBER   QUARTUS 

From  the  End  of  the  Second  Punic  War  to  the  End 
OF  THE  War  with  Jugurtha,  201-106  b.c. 


Second  Macedonian  TFar,  200-196  b.c. 
1.  Transacto  Pilnico  bello  seciitum  est  Macedonicum  contra 
2.  Philippum  rggem  quingentesimO  quinquaggsimo  et  primo 
anno  ab  urbe  condita.     T.  Quintius  Flamininus  adversum 

15  Philippum  rggem  missus  rem  prospers  gessit.  Pax  el  data 
est  his  Iggibus :  n6  Graeciae  civitatibus,  quas  Roman!  contra 
eum  defeiiderant,^  bellum  inferret,  ut  captivos  et  transfugas 
redderet,  quinquaginta  solas  nav6s  habere t,  reliquas  Ro- 
manis   dederet,   per  annos^  decem   quaterna  milia  pondo 

•20  argent!  praestaret  et  obsidem  daret  f ilium  suum  Dem6trium. 

1  H.  624,  2,  2 ;  M.  392,  n.  3  ;  A.  &  G.  336,  d ;  G.  628,  r.  a  ;  B.  314,  3. 
a  H.  379,  1 ;  M.  197  ;  A.  &  G.  266,  a  ;  G.  336 ;  B.  181,  2. 


LIBER  IV.  37 

T.  Qulntius  etiam  Lacedaemoniis  intulit  bellum.  Ducem 
eorum  Nabidem  vicit  et  quibus  voliiit  condicionibus  in 
fidem  accepit.  Ingenti  gloria  triumpliavit ;  duxit  ante  cur- 
rum  nobilissimos  obsides,  Demetrium,  PhilippI  filium,  et 
5  Armenen  Nabidis. 

Syvo-Aetolian  War,  192-189  b.c. 

3.  Transacto  bello  Macedonico  seciitum  est  ^yriacum  con- 
tra Antiochum  regem  P.  Cornelio  Sclpione  M.  Acilio  Glabrione 
consulibus.  Huic  Antiocho  Hannibal  se  iunxerat,  Kartha- 
ginem,  patriam  suani,  metu  ne  Eomanis  traderetur/  relin- 

10  quens.  M.  Acilius  Glabrio  in  Achaea  bene  pugnavit.  Castra 
regis  Antiochi  nocturna  pilgna  capta  sunt,  ipse  fugatus. 
Philippo,  quia  contra  Antiochum  Komanis  ^  fuisset  auxilio,^ 
filius  Demetrius  redditus  est. 

4.  L.  Cornelio  Sclpione  et  C.  Laelio  consulibus^  Sclpio 
15  Africanus  fratri  suo  L.   Cornelio  Sclpioni  consull  legatus 

datus  contra  Antiochum  profectus  est.  Hannibal,  qui  cum 
Antiocho  erat,  naval!  proelio  *  victus  est.  Ipse  postea 
Antiochus  circa  Sipylum  apud  Magnesiam,  Asiae  civitatem, 
a  consule   Cornelio    Sclpione   ingenti   proelio^    fusus    est. 

20  Auxilio  fuit  Eomanis  in  ea  pugna  Eumenes,  Attall  regis 
frater,  qui  Eumeniam  in  Phrygia  condidit.  Quinquaginta 
milia  peditum,  tria  equitum  eo  certamine  ex  parte  regis 
occisa  sunt.  Turn  rex  pacem  petit.  Isdem  condicionibus 
data  est  a  senatti,  quamquam  victo,  quibus  ante  offerebatur : 

25  ut  ex  Europa  et  Asia  recederet  atque  intra  Tauruni  se  con- 
tineret,   decem   milia   talentorum   et  vlginti   obsides   prae- 

1  H.  498,  III ;  M.  336  ;  A.  &  G.  331,  /;  G.  550,  2  ;  B.  296,  2. 

2  H.  390,  I ;  M.  206 ;  A.  &  G.  233,  a  ;  G.  356  ;  B.  191,  2,  a. 

3  H.  431,  4 ;  M.  255,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  255,  d,  1  ;  G.  409  ;  B.  227,  2,  a. 

*  H.  425,  II,  1,  1);  M.  240,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  259,  a  ;  G.  389  ;  B.  218,  7. 


88  EUTROPI   BREVIARll 

beret,  Hannibalem,  concitatorem  belli,  dederet.  Eumeni 
regl  donatae  sunt  a  senatu  omnes  Asiae  civitates,  quas 
Antiochus  bello  perdiderat,  et  Rhodils,  qui  auxilium  Ro- 
manis    contra   regem   Antiochum    tulerant,    multae    urbes 

5  concessae  sunt.  Scipio  Romam  rediit,  ingenti  gloria  trium- 
phavit.  Nonien  et  ipse  ad  imitationem  fratris  Asiagenis 
accepit,  quia  Asiam  vicerat,  sicutl  f rater  ipsius  propter 
Africam  domitam  ^  Africanus  appellabatur. 

6.    Sp.  Postumio  Albino  Q.  Marcio  Philippe  consulibus 

10  M.  Fulvius  de  Aetolis  triumphavit.  Hannibal,  qui,  victo 
Antiocho,  ne  Romanis  traderetur  ad  Prusiam,  Bithyniae 
regem,  fugerat,  repetitus  etiam  ab  eo  est  per  T.  Quintium 
Flaminlnum.  Et  cum  tradendus^  Romanis  esset,  veneiium 
bibit  et  apud  Libyssam  in  finibus  Nicomedensium  sepultus 

15  est. 

Third  Macedonian  War,  176-168  b.c. 
6.   Philippo,  rege  Macedoniae,  mortuo,  qui  et  adversum 
Romanos  bellum  gesserat  et  postea  Eomanls  contra  Antio- 
chum  auxilium   tulerat,  filius  eius  Perseus  in  Macedonia 
rebellavit  ingentibus  copils  ad  bellum  paratis.     Nam  adiiito- 

20  res  habebat  Cotyn,  Thraciae  regem,  et  regem  Illyrici,  Gen- 
tium nomine.^  liomanis  autem  auxilio  erant  Eumenes, 
Asiae  r6x,  Ariaratus  Cappadociae,  Antiochus  Syriae,  Ptole- 
maeus  Aegypti,  Masinissa  Numidiae.  Prusias  autem  Bithy- 
niae,  quamquam  sororem  Persei  uxorem  haberet,  utrisque 

26  se  aequum  praebuit.  Dux  Romanorum  P.  Licinius  consul 
contra  Perseum  missus  est  et  a  rege  gravi  proelio  victus. 
Neque  tamen  Romani,  quamquam  superati,  regi  petenti 
pacem  praestare  volu6runt,  nisi  his   condicionibus :    ut    s6 

1  H.  649,  5,  N.  2  ;  M.  286  ;  A.  &  G.  292,  a  \  G.  325,  r.  3  ;  B.  337,  5. 

2  H.  466,  N.  ;  M.  296,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  294,  b ;  G.  251  ;  B.  337,  7,  6,  1. 
8  H.  424  ;  M.  238,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  263  ;  G.  397  ;  B.  226. 


LIBER  IV.  •  39 

et  suos  senatui  et  populo  Komaiio  dederet.^  Mox  missus 
contra  eum  L.  Aemilius  Paulus  consul  et  in  Illyricum  C. 
Anicius  praetor  contra  Gentium.  Sed  Gentius  facile  uno 
proelio  victus  mox  se  dedidit.  Mater  eius  et  uxor  et  duo 
5  filii,  frater  quoque  simul  in  potestatem  Komanorum  vene- 
runt.  Ita  bello  intra  xxx  dies  perfecto  ante  cognitum  est 
Gentium  victum  quam  coeptum  bellum  nuntiaretur. 

Battle  of  Pydna,  168  b.c. 

7.  Cum  Perseo  autem  Aemilius  Paulus  consul  iii  Nonas 
Septembres  dimicavit  vicitque  eum  viginti  mllibus  peditum 

10  eius  occisis.  Equitatus  cum  rege  integer  fugit.  E-omanorum 
centum  milites  amissi  sunt.  Urbes  Macedoniae  omnes, 
quas  rex  tenuerat,  Romanis  se  dediderunt ;  ipse  rex,  cum 
desereretur  ab  amicls,  venit  in  Paul!  potestatem.  Sed 
honorem  ei  consul  non  quasi  victo  habuit.   Nam  et  volentem 

15  ad  pedes  sibi  ^  cadere  non  permisit  et  itixta  se  in  sella  con- 
locavit.  Macedonibus  et  Illyriis  hae  leges  a  Romanis  datae : 
ut  liberi  essent  ^  et  dimidium  eorum  tributorum  praestarent/ 
quae  regibus  praestitissent,  ut  appareret  populum  Romanum 
pro  aequitate  magis  quam  avaritia  dimicare.     Itaque  in  con- 

20  ventti  mfmitorum  populorum  Paulus  hoc  pronuntiavit  et 
legatidnes  multarum  gentium,  quae  ad  eum  venerant,  ma- 
gnificentissime  convivio  pavit,  dicens  eiusdem  hominis  *  esse 
debere  et  bello  vincere  et  convlvii  apparatu  elegantem  esse. 

Revolt  in  Epirus. 

8.  Mox  septuaginta  civitates  Epiri,  quae  rebellarant,  cepit, 
25  praedam  mllitibus  distribuit.     Romam  ingenti  pompa  rediit 

1  H.  499,  3 ;  M.  333,  3 ;  A.  &  G.  331,  n.;  G.  546,  I ;  B.  295,  1. 

2  H.  384,  4,  N.  2  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235,  a ;  G.  350,  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 

3  H.  396,  I ;  M.  217,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  214,  c  ;  G.  366  ;  B.  198,  3. 


40  EUTROPI  BREVIARn 

in  navi  Persei,  quae  inusitatae  magnitudinis  ^  fuisse  traditur, 
adeo  ut  sedecim  ordines  dicatur  habuisse  remorum.  Trium- 
phavit  autem  magnificentissime  in  curru  aureo  cum  duobus 
filiis  utroque  latere  astantibus.      Ducti  sunt  ante  currum 

5  duo  regis  filii  et  ipse  Perseus,  xlv  annos  natus.  Post  eum 
etiam  Anicius  de  Illyriis  triumphavit.  Gentius  cum  fratre 
et  filiis  ante  currum  ductus  est.  Ad  hoc  spectaculum  reges 
multarum  gentium  Romam  venerunt,  inter  alios  etiam 
Attains  atque  Eumenes,  Asiae  reges,  et  Prusias  Bitliyniae. 

10  Magno  honore  except!  sunt  et  permittente  senatu  dona 
quae  attulerant  in  Capitolio  posuerunt.  Prusias  etiam 
filium  suum  Nicomeden  senatui  commendavit. 

9.   Insequenti  anno  L.  Memmius  in  Lusitania  bene  pu- 
gnavit.    Marcellus  postea  consul  res  ibidem  prosperas  gessit. 

Third  Punic  War,  149-146  B.C. 

15  10.  Tertium  deinde  bellum  contra  Karthaginem  suscipi- 
tur,  sexcentesimo  et  altero  ab  urbe  condita  anno,  L.  Manlio 
Censorino  et  M.  Manilio  consulibus,  anno  quinquagesimo 
prlmo  postquam  secundum  Ptinicum  transactum  erat.  Hi 
profecti  Karthaginem  oppugnaverunt.     Contra  eos  Hasdru- 

20  bal,  dux  Karthaginignsium,  dimicabat.  Famea,  dux  alius, 
equitatuT  Karthaginiensium  praeerat.  Scipio  tunc,  Scipionis 
African!  nepos,  tribunus  ibi  nulitabat.  Huius  ^  apud  omnes 
inggns  metus  et  reverentia  erat.  Nam  et  paratissimus  ad 
dimicandum  ^  et  consultissimus  habebatur.     Itaque  per  eum 

25  multa  a  consulibus  prospere  gesta  sunt,  neque  quicquam 
magis  vel  Hasdrubal  vel  Pamea  vltabant  quam  contra  earn 
Romanorum  partem  committere  ubi  ScipiO  dimicaret. 

1  H.  396,  V ;  M.  222,  224,  n.;  A.  &  G.  215 ;  G.  366  ;  B.  203,  6. 

2  H.  396,  III ;  M.  216,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  363,  2  ;  B.  200. 
»  H.  542,  III ;  M.  291  ;  A.  &  G.  300;  G.  430 ;  B.*338,  3. 


LIBER  IV.  41 

11.  Per  idem  tempus  Masinissa,  rex  Numidarum,  per  annos 
sexaginta  fere  amicus  populi  E-omani,  anno  vitae  nonage- 
simo  septimo  mortuus  quadraginta  quattuor  filiis  relictis 
Scipionem  divlsorem  regni  inter  fllios  suos  esse  iussit. 

5  12.  Cum  igitur  clarum  Scipionis  nomen  esset,  iuvenis  ad- 
hilc  consul  est  factus  et  contra  Karthaginem  missus.  Is  earn 
cepit  ac  diruit.  Spolia  ibi  inventa,  quae  variarum  civitatum 
excidiis  ^  Karthago  conlegerat,  et  ornamenta  urbium  civitati- 
bus  Siciliae,  Italiae,  Africae  reddidit,  quae  sua  recognosce- 

10  bant.  Ita  Karthago  septingentesimo  anno,  quam  condita 
erat,  deleta  est.  Sclpio  nomen  quod  avus  eius  acceperat 
meruit,  scilicet  ut  propter  virtutem  etiam  ipse  Africanus 
iimior  vocaretur. 

13.   Interim  in  Macedonia  quidam  Pseudophilippus  arma 

15  movit  et  Komanum  praetorem  P.  luventium  contra  se  mis- 
sum  ad  internecionem  vicit.  Post  eum  Q.  Caecilius  Metel- 
lus  dux  a  RomanTs  contra  Pseudophilippum  missus  est  et 
XXV  milibus  eius  occlsis  Macedonian!  recepit,  ipsum  etiam 
Pseudophilippum  in  potestatem  suam  redegit. 

Destruction  of  Corinth,  146  b.c. 

20  14.  CorinthiTs  quoque  bellum  indictum  est,  nobilissimae 
Graeciae  civitati,  propter  iniuriam  legatorum  Romanorum. 
Hanc  Mummius  consul  cepit  et  diruit.  Tres  igitur  Eomae 
simul  celeberrimi  triumph!  fu6runt:  African!  ex  Africa, 
ante  cuius  currum  ductus  est  Hasdrubal,  Metell!  ex  Mace- 

25  donia,  cuius  currum  praecessit  Andriscus,  !dem  qu!  et  Pseu- 
dophilippus, Mumm!  ex  Corintho,  ante  quem  s!gna  aenea  et 
pictae  tabulae  et  alia  urbis  clarissimae  ornamenta  praelata 
sunt. 

1  H.  415  ;  M.  234  ;  A.  &  G.  244  ;  G.  395 ;  B.  215. 


42  EUTROPl   BREVIARII 

15.  Iterum  in  Macedonia  Pseudoperses,  qui  se  Persei  fi- 
lium  esse  dicebat,  conlectis  servitiis  rebellavit  et,  cum 
sedecim  mllia  armatorum  haberet,  a  Tremellio  quaestore 
superatus  est. 

Celtiberian  War,  154  b.c. 

5  16.  Eodein  tempore  Metellus  in  Celtiberia  apud  Hispanos 
res  egregias  gessit.  Successit  ei  Q.  Pompeius.  Nee  multo  ^ 
post  Q.  quoque  Caepio  ad  idem  bellum  missus  est,  quod 
quidam  Viriathus  contra  Romanos  in  Lusitania  gerebat. 
Quo  metti  Viriathus  a  suis  interfectus  est,  cum  quattuorde- 

10  cim  annis  Hispanias  adversus  Romanos  movisset.  Pastor 
primo  fuit,  mox  latronum  dux,  postremo  tantos  ad  bellum 
populos  concitavit  ut  ads'ertor  contra  Romanos  Hispaniae 
putaretur.  Et  cum  interfectores  eius  praemium  a  Caepione 
consule  peterent,  responsum  est  numquam  Romanis  placu- 

15  isse  imperatores  a  suis  militibus  interficT. 

Ca2?ture  of  Numantia,  133  b.c. 

17.  Q.  Pompeius  deinde  consul  a  Numantlnis,  quae  Hispa- 
niae civitas  fuit  opulentissima,  superatus  ^  pacem  ignobilem 
fecit.  Post  eum  C.  Hostllius  Manclnus  consul  iterum  cum 
Numantinis  pacem  fecit  infamem,  qiiam  populus  et  senatus 

20  iussit  infringi  atque  ipsum  Mancinum  hostibus  tradi,  ut  in 
illo,  quem  auctorem  foederis  habebant,  iniuriam  soltiti 
foederis  ^  vindicarent.  Post  tantam  igitur  ignominiam,  qua 
a  Numantinis  bis  Roman!  exercittis  fuerant  subiugati,  P. 
Sclpio  Africanus  secundo  consul  factus  et  ad  Numantiam 

25  missus  est.     Is  primum  militem  vitiosum  et  ignavum  exer- 

1  H.  417,  2  ;  M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  403  ;  B.  223. 

2  H.  549,  5  ;  M.  281,  4  ;  A.  &  G.  292,  r.  ;  G.  064,  it.  1  ;  B.  337,  2. 
8  H.  396,  III ;  M.  216,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  363,  2  ;  B.  200. 


LIBER  IV.  43 

cendo  magis  quain  puniendo  sine  aliqua  acerbitate  correxit, 
turn  multas  Hispaniae  civitates  partim  cepit,  partim  in 
deditionem  accepit,  postremo  ipsam  Numantiam  diu  obses- 
sam  fame  confecit  et  a  solo  evertit,  reliquam  provinciam  in 
5  iidem  accepit. 

18.  Eodem  tempore  Attains,  rex  Asiae,  frater  Eumenis, 
mortnns  est  heredemque  populum  Roman um  rellquit.  Ita 
imperio  Romano  per  testamentum  Asia  accessit. 

19.  Mox  etiam  D.  lunius  Brutus  de  CallaecTs  et  Lusitanis 
10  magna  gloria  triumphavit  et   P.  Sclpio   Africanus  de  Nu- 

mantmis  secundum  triumphum  egit   quarto   decimo   anno 
postquam  priorem  de  Africa  egerat. 

War  ivith  Aristo7iicus,  131  b.c. 

20.  Motum  interim  in  Asia  bellum  est  ab  Aristonico,  Eume- 
nis filio,  qui  ex  concublna  susceptus  fuerat.     Hic  Eumenes 

15  frater  Attali  fuerat.  Adversus  eum  missus  P.  Licinius 
Crassus  infinita  regum  habuit  auxilia.  Nam  et  Bithyniae 
rex  Nicomedes  Romanos  itivit  et  Mithradates  Ponticus,  cum 
quo  bellum  postea  gravissimum  fuit,  et  Ariaratus  Cappa- 
dox  et  Pylaemenes  Paphlagon.     Victus  est  tamen  Crassus 

20  et  in  proelio  interfectus  est.  Caput  ipsius  Aristonico 
oblatum  est,  corpus  Smyrnae  sepultum.  Postea  Perperna, 
consul  Romanus,  qui  successor  Crasso  veniebat,  audita  belli 
fortiina  ad  Asiam  celeravit  et  acie  victum  Aristonicum  apud 
StratonTcen  civitatem,  quo  confugerat,  fame  ad  deditionem 

25  compulit.  Aristoniciis  iussu^  senatus  Romae  in  carcere 
strangulatus  est.  Triumphari  enim  de  eo  non  poterat,  quia 
Perperna  apud  Pergamum  Romam  rediens  diem  obierat. 

21.  L.  Caecilio  Metello  et  T.  Quintio  Flaminlno  consulibus 
Karthago  in  Africa  iussii  ^  senatus  reparata  est,  quae  nunc 

1  H.  416  ;  M.  238 ;  A.  &  G.  253,  n.;  G.  408,  n.  1  ;  B.  219,  2. 


44  EUTROPl   BREVIARII 

luanet,  annis  duobus  et  vlginti  postquam  a  Scipione  fuerat 
eversa.     DeductI  sunt  eo  cives  Eoinani. 

War  with  Transalpine  Gauls,  125-121  b.c. 

22.  Anno  sexcentesimo  vicesimo  septimo  ab  urbe  condita 
C.  Cassiiis  Longinus  et   Sex.   Domitius  Calvinus  consules 

5  Gallis  transalpinis  belliim  intulerunt  et  Arvernorum  tunc 
nobilissimae  civitatl  atque  eorum  duci  Bituito,  inflnitam- 
que  multitudinem  iuxta  Ehodanum  fluvium  interfecerunt. 
Praeda  ex  torquibus  Gallorum  ingens  Romam  perlata  est. 
Bitultus  se  DoHiitio  dedit  atque  ab  eo  Romam  deductus  est, 
10  magnaque  gloria  consules  ainbo  triumphaverunt. 

23.  M.  Porcio  Catone  6t  Q.  Marcio  Rege  consulibus  sex- 
centesimo tricesimo  et  tertio  anno  ab  urbe  condita  Narbone 
in  Gallia  colonia  deducta  est  annoque  post  a  L.  Caecilio 
Metello  et  Q.  Mucio  Scaevola  consulibus  de  Dalmatia  tri- 

15  umphatum  est. 

24.  Ab  urbe  condita  anno  sexcentesimo  tricesimo  quinto 
C.  Cato  consul  Scordiscis  intulit  bellum  ignominioseque 
ptignavit. 

25.  C.  Caecilio  Metello  et  Cn.  Carbone  consulibus  duo 
20  Metelli  fratres  eodem  die,  alterum  ex  Sardinia,  alterum  ex 

Thracia,    triumphum    egerunt,    ntintiatumque   Romae    est 
Cimbros  e  Gallia  in  Italiam  transisse. 

War  vjith  Jugurtha,  111-104  b.c. 

26.  P.  Scipione  Nasica  et  L.  Calpurnio  B^stia  consulibus 
lugurthae,  Numidarum  regi,  bellum  inlatum  est,  quod  Ad- 

25  herbalem  et  Hiempsalem,  Micipsae  filios,  fratres  suos,  reges 
et  populi  RomanI  amicos,  interemisset.^     Missus  adversum 

1  H.  616,  II ;  M.  357  ;  A.  &  G.  321  ;  G.  541  ;  B.  286,  1. 


LIBER  IV.  45 

eum  consul  Calpurnius  Bestia,  corruptus  regis  pecunia, 
pacem  cum  eo  flagitiosissimam  fecit,  quae  a  senatu  improbata 
est.  Postea  contra  eundem  insequenti  anno  Sp.  Postumius 
Albinus  profectus  est.     Is  quoque  per  fratrem  ignominiose 

6  contra  Numidas  pugnavit. 

27.  Tertio  missus  est  Q.  Caecilius  Metellus  consul.  Is 
exercitum  a  prioribus  ducibus  corruptum  ingenti  severitate 
et  moderatione  cum  nihil  in  quemquam  cruentum  faceret/ 
ad  disciplTnam  Romanam  reduxit.    lugurtliam  variis  proeliis 

10  vicit,  elephantos  eius  occidit  vel  cepit,  multas  civitates  ipsius 
in  deditionem  accepit.  Et  cum  iam  f mem  bello  ^  positurus 
esset,  successum  est'^  el  a  C.  Mario.  Is  lugurtham  et  Boc- 
chum,  Mauretaniae  regem,  qui  auxilium  lugurthae  ferre 
coeperat,  pariter  superavit.     Aliquanta  et  ipse  oppida  Nu- 

15  midiae  cepit  belloque  terminum  posuit  capto  lugurtha  per 
quaestorem  suum  Corn6lium  Sullam,  ingentem  virum,  tra- 
dente  Boccho  lugurtham.  A  M.  lunio  Silano,  conlega 
Q.  Metelli,  Cimbri  in  Gallia  victi  sunt  et  a  Minucio  Rufo  in 
Macedonia  Scordisci  et  Triballi,  et  a  Servilio  Caepione  in 

20  Hispania  Lilsitanl  subacti.  Act!  sunt  et  duo  triumphi  de 
lugurtha,  primus  per  Metellum,  secundus  per  Marium. 
Ante  currum  tamen  Marl  lugurtha  cum  duobus  fllils  ductus 
est  catenatus  et  mox  iussu  consulis  in  carcere  strangu- 
latus  est. 

1  H.  615,  III  ;  M.  378,  6  ;  A.  &  G.  313,  d ;  G.  587  ;  B.  309,  3. 

2  H.  521,  II,  2  :  466,  n.  ;  M.  348  :  98,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  325  :  293,  a  ;  G.  585 : 
247  ;  B.  288 :  115. 

8  H.  301,  1 ;  M.  145,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  230 ;  G.  208,  2  ;  B.  187,  II,  b. 


46  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

LIBER   QUINTUS 

From   the  End   of   the  War  with   Jugurtha   to   the 
End  of  the  First  Civil  War,  106-81  b.c. 


War  ivith  the  Cimbri  and  Teutones,  105-101  b.c.     Battle 
of  Aquae  Sextiae,  102  b.c. 

1.  Dum  bellum  in  Numidia  contra  lugurtham  geritur,* 
Romani  consules  M.  Manlius  et  Q.  Caepio  a  Cimbris  et 
Teutonibus  et  Tugurlnis  et  Ambronibus,  quae  erant  Ger- 
manorum  et  Gallorum  gentes,  victi  sunt  iuxta  flumen  Rho- 

5  danum  ingenti  internecione ;  etiam  castra  sua  et  magnam 
partem  exercitus  perdiderunt.  Timor  Romae  grandis  fuit, 
quantus  vix  Hannibalis  tempore  ne  iterum  Galll  Romam 
venirent.^  Ergo  Marius  post  victoriam  lugurthinam  se- 
cundo  consul  est  factus,  bellumque   ei   contra  Oimbros  et 

10  Teutonas  decretum  est.  Tertio  quoque  ei  et  quarto  delatus 
est  consulatus,  quia  bellum  Cimbricum  protrahebatur.  Sed 
in  quarto  consulatu  conlegam  habuit  Q.  Lutatium  Catulum. 
Cum  Cimbris  itaque  conflixit  et  duobus  proeliis  cc  milia 
hostium  cecidit,  lxxx  mIlia  cepit  et  ducem  eorum  Teutobo- 

15  dum,  propter  quod  meritum  absens  quinto  consul  est  factus. 

Battle  of  Vercellae,  101  b.c 

2.  Interea  Cimbri  et  Teutones,  quorum  copia  adhuc  inf  inlta 
erat,  ad  Italiam  transierunt.  Iterum  a  C.  Mario  et  Q.  Catulo 
contra  eos  dimicatum  est,  sed  a  Catuli  parte  felicius.  Nam 
proelio,  quod  simul  ambo  gess6runt,  cxl  milia  aut  in  pugna 

20  aut  in  fuga  caesa  sunt,  lx  milia  capta.     Romani  milites  ex 

1  H.  467,  III,  4  ;  M.  352  ;  A.  &  G.  27C,  3  ;  G.  570 ;  B.  293,  I. 
a  H.  498,  III ;  M.  336 ;  A.  &  G.  331,  /;  G.  650 ;  B.  296,  2. 


LIBER  V.  47 

utroque  exercitu  trecenti  perieruiit.  Tria  et  trigiiita  Cim- 
bris  ^  signa  sublata  sunt ;  ex  his  exercitus  Mari  duo  reporta- 
vit,  Catuli  exercitus  xxxi.  Is  belli  finis  fuit;  triumphus 
utrlque  decretus  est. 

Social  War,  90-88  b.c. 

5  3.  Sex.  Iiilio  Caesare  et  L.  Marcio  Philippo  consulibus  sex- 
ceiitesiiiio  quinquagesiino  nono  anno  ab  urbe  condita,  cum 
prope  alia  omnia  bella  cessarent,  in  Italia  gravissimum 
bellum  Picentes,  Marsi  Paellgnique  moverunt,  qui,  cum  annis 
numerosis  iam  populo  Romano  oboedirent,  turn  libertatem 

10  sibi^  aequam  adserere  coeperunt.  Perniciosum  admodum 
hoc  bellum  fuit.  P.  Rutilius  consul  in  eo  occisus  est,  Cae- 
pio,  nobilis  iuvenis,  Porcius  Cato,  alius  consul.  Duces 
autem  adversus  Romanos  Picentibus^  et  Marsis  fuerunt 
T.  Vettius,  Hierius  Asinius,  T.   Herennius,  A.   Cluentius. 

15  A  Romanis  bene  contra  eos  pugnatum  est  a  C.  Mario,  qui 
sexies  consul  fuerat,  et  a  Cn.  Pompeio,  maxime  tamen  a 
L.  Cornelio  Sulla,  qui  inter  alia  egregia  ita  Cluentium,  ho- 
stium  ducem,  cum  magnis  copiis  fudit  ut  ex  suls^  unum 
amitteret.^     Quadriennio  cum  gravl  tamen  calamitate  hoc 

20  bellum  tractum  est.  Quinto  demum  anno  finem  accepit  per 
L.  Cornelium  Sullam  consulem,  cum  antea  in  eodem  bello 
ipse  multa  strenue,  sed  praetor,  egisset. 

First  Mithradatic  War,  88-84  b.c. 
4.    Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  sexagesimo  secundo 
primum  Romae  bellum  civile  commotum  est,  eodem  anno 

1  H.  414  ;  M.  236 ;  A.  &  G.  243  ;  G.  390,  2  ;  B.  214,  1,  b. 

2  H.  384,  II,  2)  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235  ;  G.  350,  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 
8  H.  387  ;  M.  212  ;  A.  &  G.  231  ;  G.  349  ;  B.  190. 

*  H.  397,  3,  N.  3  ;  M.  225,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  c  ;  G.  372,  r.  2  ;  B.  201,  1,  a. 
»  H.  500,  II ;  M.  382,  4  ;  A.  &  G.  319,  1  ;  G.  552,  1  ;  B.  284,  1. 


48  EUTROPI   BREVIARIT 

etiam  Mithradaticum.  Causam  bello  civili  C.  Marius  sexies 
consul  dedit.  Nam  cum  Sulla  consul  contra  Mithrada- 
ten  gesttirus  ^  bellum,  qui  Asiam  et  Achaeam  occupaverat, 
mitteretur,  isque  exercitum  in  Campania  paulisper  teneret, 

5  ut  belli  socialis,  de  quo  diximus,  quod  intra  Italiam  gestuni 
fuerat,  reliquiae  tollerentur,  Marius  adfectavit  ut  ipse  ad 
bellum  Mithradaticum  mitteretur.^  Qua  re^  Sulla  commo- 
tus  cum  exercitu  ad  urbem  venit.  Illic  contra  Marium 
et  Sulpicium  dimicavit.     Primus  urbem   Romam    armatus 

10  ingressus  est,  Sulpicium  interfecit,  Marium  fugavit,  atque 
ita  ordinatis  consulibus  in  futurum  annum  Cn.  Octavio  et 
L.  Cornglio  Cinna  ad  Asiam  profectus  est. 

Mithradates  invades  Asia. 

5.  Mithradates  enim,  qui  Ponti  r6x  erat  atque  Armenian! 
Minorem  et  totum  Ponticum  mare  in  circuitu  cum  Bosporo 

15  tengbat,  primum  Nicomeden,  amicum  populT  Roman!,  Bithy- 
nia'*  voluit  expellere  senatuTque  mandavit  bellum  se  ei  propter 
initirias  quas  passus  f  uerat  inlatiirum.  A  senatu  responsum 
Mithradati  est,  si  id  faceret,  quod  bellum  a  Romanis  et  ipse 
pateretur.     Quare  iratus  Cappadociam  statim  occupavit  et 

20  ex  ea  Ariobarzanen,  r6gem  et  amicum  populi  Romani,  fuga- 
vit. Mox  etiam  Bithyniam  invasit  et  Paphlagoniam  pulsis 
regibus,  amicis  populi  Bomani,  Pylaemene  et  Nicomede. 
Inde  Ephesum  contendit  et  per  omnem  Asiam  litteras  misit 
ut  ubicumque  invent!  essent  *  cives  Romani,  uno  die  occide- 

25  rentur. 

1  H.  549,  3 ;  M.  283 ;  A.  &  G.  293,  6,  2 ;  G.  670,  3 ;  B.  337,  4. 

2  H.  501,  II,  1 ;  M.  341,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  332  ;  G.  553  ;  B.  297,  1. 
8  H.  416  ;  M.  254  ;  A.  &  G.  245  ;  G.  408 ;  B.  219. 

*  H.  412,  II ;  M.  236,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  a  ;  G.  391  ;  B.  229,  1,  a. 
6  H.  629,  I ;  M.  388  ;  A.  &  G.  334  ;  G.  467  ;  B.  300,  1. 


LIBER   V.  49 

Sulla  takes  Athens,  87  b.c.     Battle  of  Chaeronea,  86  b.c. 

6.  Interea  etiain  Athenae,  civitas  Achaeae,  ab  Aristone 
Atheniensi  Mitliradati  tradita  est.  Miserat  eiiim  iam  ad 
Achaeam  Mithradates  Archelauiu,  ducem  simm,  cum  centum 
et  viginti  inilibus  e^^uitum  ^  ac  peditum,  per  quem  etiam 

o  reliqua  G-raecia  occupata  est.  Sulla  Archelaum  apud  Pi- 
raeum,  non  loiige  ab  Athenis,  obsedit,  ipsas  Athenas  cepit. 
Postea  commisso  proelio  contra  Archelaum  ita  eum  vicit  ut 
ex  cxx  mllibus  vix  decern  Archelao  superessent,  ex  Sullae 
exercitu  xiii  tantum  homines  interficerentur.     Hac  pugna 

10  Mithradates  cognita  septuaginta  milia  lectissima  ex  Asia 
Archelao  misit,  contra  quem  iterum  Sulla  commlsit.  Primo 
proelio  quindecim  mIlia  hostimn  interfecta  sunt  et  filius 
Archelai  Diogenes;  secundo  omnes  Mithradatis  copiae  ex- 
stinctae   sunt,    Archelaus   ipse  triduo  nudus  in  paltidibus 

15  latuit.  Hac  re  audita  Mithradates  iussit  cum  Sulla  de  pace 
agl. 

Terms  of  Peace,  84  b.c.     Sulla's  Return  to  Italy,  83  b.c. 

7.  Interim  eo  tempore  Sulla  etiam  Dardanos,  Scordiscos, 
Dalmatas  et  Maedos  partim  vIcit,  alios  in  fidem  accSpit. 
Sed  cum   legati  a   rege  Mithradate,  qui   p^cem   petebant, 

20  venissent,  non  aliter  se  daturum  Sulla  esse  respondit,  nisi 
rex  relictis  his,  quae  occupaverat,  ad  regnum  suum  redisset. 
Postea  tamen  ad  conloquium  ambo  venerunt.  Pax  inter  eos 
ordinata  est,  ut  Sulla  ad  bellum  civile  festlnans  a  tergo 
perlculum  non  haberet.     Xam  dum  Sulla  in  Achaea  atque 

25  Asia  Mithradaten  vincit,^  Marius,  qui  fugatus  erat,  et  Cor- 
nelius Cinna,  tinus  ex  consulibus,  bellum  in  Italia  reparave- 

1  H.  397,  2  ;  M.  225,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  a,  2  ;  G.  :]70  ;  B.  201,  1. 

2  H.  467,  4  ;  M.  352  ;  A.  &  G.  276,  3  ;  G.  570  ;  B.  203,  I. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS— 4 


50  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

runt  et  ingressi  urbem  Romam  nobilissimos  e  senatti  et  con- 
sulares  viros  interfecerunt,  multos  proscripserunt,  ipsius 
SuUae  domo  eversa  filios  et  uxorem  ad  fugam  compulerunt. 
Universus  reliquus  senatus  ex  urbe  fugiens.  ad   Sullam  in 

5  Graeciam  venit,  orans  ut  patriae  subvenlret.  Ille  in 
italiam  traiecit,  bellum  civile  gesturus  adversus  Norbanum 
et  Scipionem  consules.  Et  primo  proelio  contra  Norbanum 
dimicavit  non  longe  a  Capua. ^  Tunc  sex  milia  eius  cecldit, 
sex  niilia  cepit,  cxxiv  suos  amisit.   Inde  etiam  ad  Scipionem 

10  s6  convertit  et  ante  proelium  totum  eius  exercitum  sine 
sanguine  in  deditionem  accepit. 

Battle  of  Colliiie  Gate,  82  B.C. 

8.  Sed  cum  Romae  mutati  consules  essent,  Marius,  Marl 
filius,  ac  Papirius  Carbo  consulatum  accepissent,  Sulla 
contra  Marium  itiniorem  dimicavit  et  xv  milibus  eius  occisis 

15  cccc  de  suis  perdidit.  Mox  etiam  urbem  ingressus  est. 
Marium,  Marl  f ilium,  Praeneste^  persecutus  obsedit  et  ad 
mortem  compulit.  Rursus  piignam  gravissimam  habuit 
contra  Lamponium  et  Carinatem,  duces  partis  Marianae,  ad 
portam  Collinam.     lxx  milia  hostium  in  eo  proelio  contra 

20  Sullam  fuisse  dicuntur.  xii  milia  se  Sullae  dediderunt, 
ceteri  in  acie,  in  castris,  in  fuga  insatiabili  Ira  victorum 
consumptl  sunt.  Cn.  quoque  Carbo,  consul  alter,  ab  Arl- 
mino  ad  Siciliam  fugit  et  ibi  per  Cn.  Pompeium  interfectus 
est,  queni  adulescentem  Sulla  atque  annos  imum  et  viginti 

25  natum  cognita  eius  industria  exercitibus  praefecerat,  ut 
secundus  a  Sulla  haberetur. 

9.  Occiso  ergo  Carbone  Siciliam  Pompeius  recepit.    Trans- 

1  H.  412,  II,  3,  N.;   M.  233,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  268,  a,  n.  1  ;  G.  391,  r.  1  ; 
B.  292,  2. 

2  H.  380,  II ;  M.  199,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  268,  6 ;  G.  337 ;  B.  182,  1,  a. 


LIBER  VI.  51 

gressus  inde  ad  Africam  Domitium,  Marianae  partis  ducem, 
et  Hiardam,  regem  Mauretaniae,  qui  Domitio  auxilium  fere- 
bat,  occidit.  Post  haec  Sulla  de  Mithradate  ingenti  gloria 
triumphavit.  Cn.  etiam  Pompeius,  quod  null!  E/omanorum 
5  tributum  erat,  quartum  et  vicesinium  annum  agens  de 
Africa  triumpliavit.  Hunc  flnem  habuerunt  duo  bella 
ftinestissima,  Italicum,  quod  et  sociale  dictum  est,  et  civile, 
quae  ambo  tracta  sunt  per  annos  decern.  Constimpserunt 
ultra  CL  milia  hominum,  virds  consulares  xxiv,  praetorios 
10  VII,  aedillcios  lx,  senatores  fere  cc. 


LIBER   SEXTUS 

From  the  End  of  the  First  Civil  War  to  the 
Assassination  of  Caesar,  81^4  B.C. 


War  with  Sertorius^  78-72  b.c. 

1.  M.  Aemilio  Lepido  Q.  Catulo  consulibus,  cum  Sulla 
rem  publicam  composuisset,  bella  nova  exarserunt,  imum  in 
Hispania,  aliud  in  Pamphylia  et  Cilicia,  tertium  in  Mace- 
donia, quartum  in  Dalmatia.     Nam  Sertorius,  qui  partiuin 

i''^  Marianarum  fiierat,  timens  forttinam  ceterorum,  qui  inte- 
rempti  erant,  ad  bellum  commovit  Hispanias.  Missi  sunt 
contra  enm  duces  Q.  Caecilius  Metellus,  fllius  eius  qui 
lugurtham  regem  vicit,  et  L.  Domitius  praetor.  A  Sertorl 
duce  Hirtuleio  Domitius  occisus  est.     Metellus  vario  suc- 

20  cessu  contra  Sertorium  dimicavit.  Postea  cum  impar  pu- 
gnae^  solus  Metellus  putaretur,  Cn.  Pompeius  ad  Hispanias 
missus  est.  Ita  duobus  ducibus  adversis  Sertorius  fortuna 
varia  saepe  ptignavit.     Octavo  demum  anno  per  suos  occisus 

1  H.  391,  I ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 


52  EUTROPI    BKEVIAKII 

est,  et  finis  ei  bello  datus  per  Cn.  Pompeium  adulescentem 
et  Q.  Metellum  Pium  atque  omnes  prope  Hispaniae  in 
dicioneni  populi  Komani  redactae. 

2.  Ad  Macedonian!  missus  est  Ap.  Claudius  post  consula- 
5  turn.  Levia  proelia  habuit  contra  varias  gentes,  quae  Rho- 
dopam  provinciam  incolebant,  atque  ibi  morbo  mortuus  est. 
Missus  el  successor  C.  Scrlbonius  Curio  post  consulatum. 
Is  Dardanos  vicit  et  usque  ad  Danuvium  penetravit  trium- 
phumque  meruit  et  intra  triennium  bello  finem  dedit. 

War  ivith  the  Isaunans,  78  b.c. 

10  3.  Ad  Ciliciam  et  Pamphyliam  missus  est  P.  Servilius  ex 
consule,  vir  strenuus.  Is  Ciliciam  subegit,  Lyciae  urbes 
clarissimas  oppugnavit  et  cepit,  in  his  Phaselida,  Olympum, 
Corycum.  Isauros  quoque  aggressus  in  dicionem  redegit 
atque  intra  triennium  bello  finem  dedit.     Primus  omnium 

15  Romanorum^  in  Tauro  iter  fecit.  Eevertens  triumphum 
accepit  et  nomen  Isaurici  meruit. 

4.  Ad  Illyricum  missus  est  C.  Cosconius  pro  consule.  Mul- 
tam  partem  Dalmatiae  subegit,  Salonas  cepit  et  composite 
bello  Romam  post  biennium  rediit. 

20  5.  Isdem  temporibus  consul  M.  Aemilius  Lepidus,  Catuli 
conlega,  bellum  civile  voluit  commovere,  intra  unam  tamen 
aestatem  motus  eius  oppressus  est.  Ita  uno  tempore  inultl 
simul  triumph!  fuerunt,  Metelll  ex  Hispania,  Pompel  secun- 
dus  ex  Hispania,  Curionis  ex  Macedonia,  Servlll  ex  Isauria. 

The  Third  Mithradatic  War,  74-63  b.o. 

25  6.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  septuagesimo  sexto 
L.  Licinio  Lucullo  et  M.  Aurelio  Cotta  consulibus  mortuus 

1  H.  397,  3 ;  M.  226,  3 ;  A.  &  G.  216,  a,  2 ;  G.  372  ;  B.  201,  1. 


LIBER  VI.  63 

est  Nlcomedes,  rex  Bithyniae,  et  per  testameiituin  populum 
Romanum  fecit  heredem.  Mithradates  pace  rupta  Bithy- 
niam  et  Asiam  rursus  voluit  invadere.  Adversus  eum 
ambo  consules  missi  variam  habuere  fortimani.     Cotta  apud 

5  Chalcedona  victus  ab  eo  acie,  etiam  intra  oppidum  coactiis 
est  et  obsessiis.  Sed  cum  se  inde  Mithradates  Cyzicnm 
transtulisset,  ut  Cyzico  capta  totam  Asiam  invaderet,  Lucul- 
lus  ei,  alter  consul,  occurrit.  Ac  dum  Mithradates  in  obsi- 
dione  CyzicI  commoratur,  ipse  eum  a  tergo  obsedit  fameque 

10  consumpsit  et  multls  proeliis  vicit,  postremo  Byzantium, 
quae  nunc  Constantinopolis  est,  fugavit.  Kavali  quoque 
proelio  duces  eius  Liicullus  oppressit.  Ita  una  hieme  et 
aestate  a  Liicullo  centum  fere  milia  regis  exstlncta  sunt. 

War  ivith  the  Gladiators,  73-71  b.c. 

7.  Anno  urbis  Romae  sexcentesimo  septuagesimo  octavo 
i')  Macedonian!  provinciam  M.  Licinius  Liicullus  accepit,  con- 

sobrinus  Luculli,  qui  contra  Mithradaten  bellum  ger^bat. 
Et  in  Italia  novum  bellum  subito  commotum  est.  Septua- 
ginta  enim  et  quattuor  gladiatores  ducibus  Spartaco,  Crixo 
et  Oenomao  effrScto  Capuae  ludo  fugerunt  et  per  Italiam 

20  vagantes  paene  non  levius  bellum  in  ea,  quam  Hannibal 
moverat,  paraverunt.  Nam  multis  ducibus  et  duobus  simul 
Romanorum  consulibus  victis  sexaginta  fere  milium  arma- 
torum  exercitum  congregaverunt,  victique  sunt  in  Apulia  a 
M.  Licinio  Crasso  pro  consule,  et  post  multSs  calamitates 

25  Italiae  tertio  anno  bello  huic  est  finis  impositus. 

8.  Sexcentesimo  octogesimo  primo  anno  urbis  conditae,  P. 
Cornelio  Lentulo  et  Cn.  Aulidio  Oreste  consulibus,  duo  tan- 
turn  gravia  bella  in  imperio  Romano  erant,  Mithradaticum 
et  Macedonicum.     Haec  duo  Luculli  agebant,  L.  Lacullus 

30  et  M.  Lucullus.     L.  ergo  Lucullus  post  pugnam  Cyzicenam, 


54  EUTROPi  BKEVIARII 

qua  vicerat  Mithradaten,  et  navalem,  qua  duces  eius  oppres- 
serat,  persecutus  est  eum  et  recepta  Paphlagonia  atque 
Bithynia  etiam  regnum  eius  invasit,  Sinopen  et  AmTson, 
civitates  Ponti  nobilissimas,  cepit.  Secundo  proelio  apud 
5  Cabira  civitatem,  quo  ingentes  copias  ex  omnI  regno  adduxe- 
rat  Mithradates,  cum  xxx  rnllia  lectissima  regis  a  quinque 
milibus  Romanorum  vastata  essent,  Mithradates  fugatus 
est,  castra  eius  direpta.  Armeuia  quoque  Minor,  quani 
tenuerat,  eldem  sublata  est.  Susceptus  tamen  est  Mithra- 
10  dates  post  fugam  a  Tigrane,  Armeniae  rege,  qui  turn  ingenti 
gloria  imperabat,  Persas  saepe  vicerat,  Mesopotamiam  occu- 
paverat  et  Syriam  et  Phoenices  partem. 

Battle  of  Tigranocerta,  69  b.c. 

9.  Ergo  Lucullus  repetens  hostem  fugatum  etiam  regnum 
Tigranis   ingressus    est.      Tigranocertam,   civitatem    Arza- 

15  nenae,  nobilissimam  regni  ArmeniacI,  cepit,  ipsum  regem 
cum  septem  milibus  qumgentls  clibanariis  et  centum  mili- 
bus sagittariorum  et  armatorum  venientem  decem  et  octo 
milia  militum  habens  ita  vicit  ut  magnam  partem  Arme- 
niorum   deleverit.      Inde   Nisibin    profectus    eam    quoque 

20  civitatem  cum  regis  fratre  cepit.  Sed  hi  quos  in  Ponto 
Lucullus  reliquerat  cum  exercitus  parte,  ut  regiones  victas 
et  iam  Romanorum  tuerentur,  neglegenter  se  et  avare 
agentes  occasionem  iterum  Mithradati  in  Pontum  inrum- 
pendi  ^  dederunt,  atque  ita  bellum  renovatum  est.     Lucullo 

26  paranti  capta  Nisibi  contra  Persas  expeditionem  successor 
est  missus. 

10.  Alter  autem  Lucullus,  qui  Macedoniam  administrabat, 
Bessis  primus  Romanorum  intulit  bellum  atque  eos  ingenti 

1  H.  542,  I ;  M.  289,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  298 ;  G.  428 ;  B.  338,  1,  a. 


LIBER  VI.  55 

proelio  in  Haemo  monte  superavit.  Oppidum  Uscudamam, 
quod  BessI  habitabant,  eodem  die  quo  aggressus  est  vie  it, 
Cabylen  cepit,  usque  ad  Danuviiim  penetravit.  Inde  multas 
supra  Pontum  positas  civitates  aggressus  est.     Illlc  Apollo- 

5  niam  evertit,  Callatim,  Parthenopolim,  Tomos,  Histrura, 
Burziaonem  cepit  belloque  confecto  Romam  rediit.  Ambo 
triumphaverunt,  tamen  Lucullus,  qui  contra  Mithradaten 
piignaverat,  maiore  gloria,  cum  tantorum  regiiorum  ^  victor 
redisset. 

10  11.  Confecto  bello  Macedonico,  manente  Mithradatico, 
quod  recedente  Lucullo  rex  conlectis  auxiliis  reparaverat, 
bellum  Creticum  ortum  est.  Ad  id  missus  Q.  Caecilius  Me- 
tellus  ingentibus  proelils  intra  triennium  omnem  provinciam 
cepit,  appellatusque   est   Creticus   atque   ex  Insula  trium- 

15  phavit.  Quo  tempore  Libya  quoque  Romano  imperid  per 
testamentum  Appionis,  qui  rex  eius  fuerat,  accessit,  in  qua 
inclutae  urbes  erant  Berenice,  Ptolemais,  Cyrene. 

Cn.  Pompey  takes  command,  66  B.C. 

12.  Dum  haec  geruntur,  piratae  omnia  maria  Infestabant 
ita  ut  Romanis  toto  orbe  victoribus  sola  navigatio  tuta  non 

20  esset.  Quare  id  bellum  Cn.  Pompeio  decretum  est.  Quod 
intra  paucos  menses  ingenti  et  felicitate  et  celeritate  coufe- 
cit.     Mox  el  delatum  etiam  bellum  contra  Mithradaten  et 

■  Tigranen.  Quo  suscepto  Mithradaten  in  Armenia  Minore 
nocturno  proelio  vicit,  castra   diripuit,   quadraginta   milia 

25  eius  occldit,  vigintl  tantum  de  exercitil^  suo  perdidit  et 
duos  centuriones.  Mithradates  cum  uxore  fugit  et  duobus 
comitibus.     Neque  multo  post,  cum  in  suos  saeviret,  Phar- 

1  H.  396,  III ;  M.  216,  I  ;  A.  &  G.  217  ;  G.  .368,  2  ;  B.  200. 

2  H.  397,  3,  N.  3  ;  M.  225,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  c  ;  G.  372,  r.  2  ;  B.  201,  1,  a. 


5Q  EUTROPI   BREVIAllII 

nacis,  filii  sul,  apud  milites  sSditione  ad  mortem  coactus 
venerium  hausit.  Huiic  finem  habuit  Mithradates.  Periit 
aiitem  apud  Bosporum,  vir  ingentis  industriae  ^  consiliique. 
Regnavit  annis  sexaginta,  vixit  septuaginta  duobus,  contra 
5  Romanos  bellum  habuit  annis  quadraginta. 

13.  TigranI  deinde  Pompeius  bellum  intulit.  Ille  se  ei 
dedidit  et  in  castra  Pompei  sexto  decimo  miliario  ab  Arta- 
xata  venit  ac  diadema  suum,  cum  procubuisset  ad  genua 
Pompei,  in  manibus  ipsuis  conlocavit.  Quod  ei  Pompeius 
10  reposuit  honorificeque  eum  habitum  regni  tarn  en  parte 
multavit  et  grandl  pecunia.  Adempta  est  el  ^  Syria,  Phoe- 
nice,  Sophanene;  sex  milia  praeterea  talentorum  argent! 
indicta,  quae  populo  Eomano  daret,  quia  bellum  sine  causa 
Romanis  commovisset.^ 

Pompey  subdues  Syria  and  Palestine,  64  b.c. 

15  14.  Pompeius  mox  etiam  Albanls  bellum  intulit  et  eorum 
regem  Oroden  ter  vicit,  postremo  per  epistulas  ac  mimera 
rogatus  veniam  ei  ac  pacem  dedit.  Hiberiae  quoque  regem 
Artacen  vicit  acie  et  in  deditionem  accepit.  Armenian! 
Minorem  Deiotaro,  Galatiae  regl,  donavit,  quia  socius  belli 

20  Mithradatici  fuerat.  Attalo  et  Pylaemeni  Paphlagoniam 
reddidit.  Aristarchum  Colchis  regem  imposuit.  Mox  Itu- 
raeos  et  Arabas  vIcit.  Et  cum  venisset  in  Syriam,  Seleu- 
ciam,  vlclnam  Antiochlae"*  clvitatem,  llbertate^  donavit, 
quod    regem    Tigrangn    non    recepisset.^      Antiochensibus 

25  obsides  reddidit.     Aliquantum  agrorum  Daphnensibus  de- 

1  H.  396,  V ;  M.  222  ;  A.  &  G.  216 ;  G.  365 ;  B.  203,  1. 

a  H.  385,  II,  2  ;  M.  211 ;  A.  &  G.  229 ;  G.  345,  r.  1  ;  B.  188,  2.  d. 

8  H.  516,  II ;  M.  357  ;  A.  &  G.  321  ;  G.  541  ;  B.  286,  1. 

4  H.  391,  I ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a  ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 

6  H.  384,  IT,  2  ;  M.  203  ;  A.  &  G.  225,  3,  d ;  G.  348 ;  B.  187,  1,  a. 


LiBEK  vr.  57 

dit,  quo  lucus  ibi  spatiosior  lieret/  delectatus  loci  amoeni- 
tate  et  aquarum  abundantia.  Inde  ad  ludaeam  transgressus 
est,  Hierosolyma,  caput  gentis,  tertio  mense  cepit  xii  mili- 
bus  ludaeorum  occisis,  ceteris  in  fidein  acceptls.  His  gestis 
5  in  Asiani  se  recepit  et  finem  antiquissimo  bello  dedit. 

Cicero  Consul.     Conspiracy  of  Catiline,  63  b.c. 

15.  M.  Tullio  Cicerone  oratore  et  C.  Antonio  consulibus, 
anno  ab  urbe  condita  sexcentesimo  octogesiino  nono,  L. 
Sergius  Catilina,  nobilissimi  generis  vir,  sed  ingenil  pra- 
vissimi,  ad  delendam  patriam^  coniuravit  cum  quibusdani 

10  Claris  quidem  sed  audacibus  viris.  A  Cicerone  urbe  ex- 
pulsus  est.  Socii  eius  deprehensi  in  carcere  strangulati 
sunt.  Ab  Antonio,  altero  consule,  Catillna  ipse  victus 
proelio  est  interfectus. 

Triumphs  of  Metellus  and  Pompey,  62  b.c. 

16.  Sexcentesimo  nonagesimo  anno  urbis  conditae  D.  lunio 
15  Silano  et  L.  Mtirena  consulibus  Metellus  de  Creta  triumpha- 

vit,  Pompeius  de  bello  piratico  et  Mithradatico.  Nulla 
umquam  pompa  triumphi  similis  fuit.  Ducti  sunt  ante 
eius  currum  fllii  Mithradatis,  filius  Triganis  et  Aristobtilus, 
rex  ludaeorum;  praelata  est  ingens  pectinia  et  auri  atque 
2)  argent!  infinitum.  Hoc  tempore  nullum  per  orbem  terra- 
rum  grave  bellum  erat. 

Caesar  Consul,  59  b.c.     Governor  of  Gaul,  58-49  b.c. 

17.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  nonagesimo  tertio 
C.   lulius   Caesar,   qui   postea   imperavit,   cum   L.   Bibulo 

1  H.  497,  II ;  M.  382,  3 ;  A.  &  G.  317,  2 ;  G.  545,  2  ;  B.  282,  2. 

2  H.  544,  1 ;  M.  296  ;  A.  &  G.  300  ;  G.  432,  r.  ;  B.  339,  2. 


58  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

consul  est  factus.  Decreta  est  ei  Gallia  et  Illyricum  cum 
legionibus  decern.  Is  primus  vicit  Helvetios,  qui  nunc 
SequanI  appellantur,  deinde  vincendo  ^  per  bella  gravissima 
usque  ad  Oceanum  Britannicum  processit.  Domuit  autem 
5  annis  novem  fere  omnem  Galliam,  quae  inter  Alpes,  fltimen 
Rhodanum,  Rhenum  et  Oceanum  est  et  circuit u  patet  ad 
bis  et  tricies  centena  milia^  passuum.  Britannis  mox  bellum 
intulit,  quibus  ante  eum  ne  nomen  quidem  Romanorum  co- 
gnitum  erat,  eosque  victos  obsidibus  acceptis  stipendiaries 

10  fecit.  Galliae'^  autem  tributi  nomine  annuum  imperavit 
stipendium  quadringenties,  Germanosque  trans  Rhenum 
aggressus  immanissimis  proeliis  vIcit.  Inter  tot  successtis 
ter  male  pugnavit,  apud  Arvernos  semel  praesens  et  absens 
in  Germania  bis.     Nam  legatl  eius  duo,  Titurius  et  Aurun- 

15  culeius,  per  insidias  caesi  sunt. 

Battle  of  Carrae;  M.  Lidnius  Crassus  slain,  53  b.c. 

18.  Circa  eadem  tempora,  anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo 
nonagesimo  septimo,  M.  Licinius  Crassus,  conlega  On.  Pom- 
pei  Magni  in  consulatu  secundo,  contra  Parthos  missus  est 
et  cum  circa  Carras  contra  omen  et  auspicia  dimicasset,  a 
Surena  Orodis  regis  duce  victus  ad  postremum  interfectus 
20  est  cum  filio,  clarissimo  et  praestantissimo  iuvene.  Reli- 
quiae exercitus  per  C.  Cassium  quaestorem  servatae  sunt, 
qui  singularl  animo^  perditas  res  tanta  virtute  restituit  ut 
Persas  rediens  trans  Euphraten  crebrls  proeliis  vinceret.^ 

i  H.  542,  IV;  M.  292  ;  A.  &  G.  301,  footnote ;  G.  431,  3  ;  B.  338,  4,  a. 

2  H.  379 ;  M.  196 ;  A.  &  G.  257  ;  G.  335 ;  B.  181,  1. 

8  H.  384,  II ;  M.  205  ;  A.  &  G.  227,  /;  G.  346  ;  B.  187,  II,  a. 

*  H.  419,  II ;  M.  240  ;  A.  &  G.  251  ;  G.  400  ;  B.  224. 

6  H.  500,  II ;  M.  338  ;  A.  &  G.  319,  1  ;  G.  552,  1  ;.B.  284,  1. 


LIBER  VI.        >  59 

The    Civil    War   between    Caesar   and    Pompey,   49-45   B.C. 
Caesar  invades  Italy,  Pompey  Jiees  to  Greece,  49  b.c. 

19.  Hinc  iam  bellum  civile  successit  exsecrandum  ^  et 
lacrimabile,  quo  praeter  calamitates,  quae  in  proeliis  accide- 
runt,  etiam  popiili  Romani  fortuna  mutata  est.  Caesar  enini 
rediens  ex  Gallia  victor  coepit  poscere  alterum  consulatum 

5  atque  ita,  ut  sine  diibietate  aliqua  el  deferretur.  Contradi- 
ctum  est  a  Marcello  coiisule,  a  Bibulo,  a  Pompeio,  a  Catone, 
iussiisque  dimissls  exercitibus  ad  urbem  redire.  Propter 
quani  iniuriam  ab  Arimino,  ubi  milites  congregates  habebat, 
adversiim  patriam  cum  exercitu  venit.     Consules  cum  Pom- 

10  peio  senatusque  omnis  atque  iiniversa  nobilitas  ex  urbe 
fugit^  et  in  Graeciam  transiit.  ApudEpIrum,  Macedoniam, 
Achaeam  Pompeio  duce  senatus  contra  Caesarem  bellum 
paravit. 

Caesar  crosses  to  Spain. 

20.  Caesar  vacuam  urbem  ingressus  dictatorem  se  fecit. 
15  Inde  Hispanias  petiit.    Ibi  Pompei  exercittis  validissimos  et 

fortissimos  cum  tribus  ducibus,  L.  Afranio,  M.  Petreio,  M. 
Yarrone,  superavit.  Inde  regressus  in  Graeciam  transiit, 
adversum  Pompeium  dimicavit.  Primo  proelio  victus  est 
et  fugatus,  evasit  tamen,  quia  nocte  interveniente  Pompeius 

'20  sequi  noluit,  dixitque  Caesar  nee  Pompeium  scire  vincere 
et  illo  tantum  die  se  potuisse  superarl.  Delude  in  Thes- 
salia  apud  Palaeopharsalum  productis  utrimque  ingentibus 
copiis  dimicaverimt.  Pompei  acies  habuit  xl  milia  peditum, 
equites  in  sinistro  cornu  sexcentos,  in   dextro  quingentos, 

25  praeterea  totius  Orientis  auxilia,  totam  nobilitatem,  innu- 

1  H.  643 ;  M.  295,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  294,  a  ;  G.  488,  n.  ;  B.  337,  7,  a. 

2  H.  463,  I ;  M.  176,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  206,  d ;  G.  285,  1  ;  B.  255,  3. 


60  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

meros  senatores,  praetorios,  consiilares  et  qui  magnorum 
iam  bellorum  victores  fuissent.^  Caesar  in  acie  sua  habuit 
peclitum  non  Integra  xxx  milia,  equites  mille. 

Battle   of  Pharsalus.     Pompey  is  defeated,  flees  to   Egypt, 
and  is  slain,  48  B.C. 

21.  Numquani  adhuc  Romanae  copiae  in  iinum  neque 
5  maiores  neque  melioribus  ducibus  convenerant,  totuni  terrar 
rum  orbem  facile  subacturae,-  si  contra  barbaros  ducerentur.^ 
Ptignatum  turn  est  ingenti  contentione,  victusque  ad  postre- 
nium  Pompeius  et  castra  eius  dlrepta  sunt.  Ipse  fugatus 
Alexandrlam  petiit,  ut  a  rege  Aegypti,  cuT  tutor  a  senatu 
10  datus  fuerat  propter  iuvenilem  eius  aetatem,  acciperet  auxi- 
lia.  Qui  fortunam  niagis  quam  amicitiam  secutus  occidit 
Pompeium,  caput  eius  et  anulum  Caesar!  misit.  Quo  con- 
specto  Caesar  etiam  lacrimas  fudisse  dicitur,  tanti  viri  in- 
tuens  caput  et  generi  quondam  sui. 

Caesar  defeats  Ptolemy. 

15  22.  Mox  Caesar  Alexandrlam  venit.  IpsI  quoque  Ptole- 
maeiis  parare  voluit  insidias,  qua  causa  bellum  regl  inlatum 
est.  Victus  in  Nilo  periit  inventumque  est  eius  corpus  cum 
lorlca  aurea.  Caesar  Alexandria  *  potitus  regnum  Cleopatrae 
dedit,  Ptolemaei  sororl.     Rediens  inde  Caesar  Pharnacen, 

20  Mithradatis  Magni  fllium,  qui  Pompeio  in  auxilium  apud 
Thessaliam  fuerat,  rebellantem  in  Ponto  et  multas  populT 
Roman!  provincias  occupantem  vicit  acie,  postea  ad  mortem 
coegit. 

1  H.  503,  I ;  M.  383,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  631,  2  ;  B.  283,  1. 

2  H.  549,  3  ;  M.  283  ;  A.  &  G.  293,  6,  3  ;  G.  670,  4,  (1)  ;  B.  337,  4. 
8  H.  509,  N.  3  ;  M.  366 ;  A.  &  G.  307,  /;  G.  596,  2  ;  B.  302,  3,  a. 

*  H.  421,  T  ;  M.  253  ;  A.  &  G.  249 ;  G.  407  ;  B.  218,  1. 


LIBER  VI.  61 

Battle  of  Thapsus,  46  b.c. 

23.  Inde  Romam  regressus  tertio  se  consulem  fecit  cum 
M.  Aemilio  Lepido,  qui  ei  magister  equitum  dictatorl  ante 
annum  ^  fuerat.  Inde  in  Africam  profectus  est,  ubi  inf inita 
nobilitas  cum  luba,  Mauretaniae  rege,  bellum  reparaverat. 

5  Duces  autem  Roman!  erant  P.  Cornelius  Scipio  ex  genere 
antiquissimo  Sclpionis  African!  (hie  etiam  socer  Pompe! 
Magn!  fuerat),  M.  Petreius,  Q.  Varus,  M.  Porcius  Cato, 
L.  Cornelius  Faustus,  Sullae  dictatoris  f!lius.  Contra  lios 
commisso  proelio  post  multas  dimicationes  victor  fuit  Cae- 
10  sar.  Cato,  Sc!pio,  Petreius,  luba  ips!  se  occlderunt.  Fau- 
stus,  Sullae  quondam  dictatoris  filius,  Pompe!  gener,  a 
Caesare  interfectus  est. 

Battle  of  Munda,  45  b.c. 

24.  Post  annum  ^  Caesar  Eomam  regressus  quarto  se  con- 
sulem fecit  et  statim  ad  Hispanias  est  profectus,  ubi  Pompe! 

15  filil,  Cn.  Pompeius  et  Sex.  Pompeius,  ingens  bellum  praepa- 
raverant.  Multa  proelia  fuerunt,  ultimum  apud  ^  Mundam 
civitatem,  in  quo  adeo  Caesar  paene  victus  est  ut  fugienti- 
bus  suis  se  voluerit  occldere,  ne  post  tantam  re!  militaris 
gloriam  in  potestatem  adulescentium  natus   annos  sex   et 

20  qmnquaginta  ven!ret.  Denique  revocatis  su!s  v!cit.  Ex 
Pompe!  f!li!s  maior  occ!sus  est,  minor  ftigit. 

Caesar  Monarch,  45  b.c.     Caesar  Assassinated,  44  b.c. 

25.  Inde  Caesar  bell!s  c!v!libus  toto  orbe  composit!s  Ro- 
mam  rediit.     Agere  insolentius^  coepit  et  contra  consuetu- 

1  H.  430 ;  M.  2-58,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  259,  d ;  G.  403,  n.  4,  (a)  ;  B.  357,  1. 

2  H.  433,  1  ;  M.  258,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  258,  c,  n.  1  ;  G.  410,  4  ;  B.  141. 
»  H.  444,  1 ;  M.  426  ;  A.  &  G.  93,  a  ;  G.  297,  2  ;  B.  240,  1. 


62  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

dinem  Romanae  libertatis.  Cum  ergo  et  honores  ex  sua 
voluntate  praestaret,  qui  a  populo  antea  cleferebantur,  nee 
senatui  ad  se  venienti  adsurgeret  aliaque  regia  ac  paene 
tyrannica  faceret,  coniuratum  est^  in  eum  a  sexaginta  vel 
5  amplius  senatoribus  equitibusque  Romanls.  Praecipui  fue- 
runt  inter  coniuratos  duo  BriUi  ex  eo  genere  Brtiti,  qui  pri- 
mus Eomae  consul  fuerat  et  reges  expulerat,  et  C.  Cassius  et 
Servilius  Casca.  Ergo  Caesar,  cum  senattis  die  inter  ceteros 
venisset  ad  curiam,  tribus  et  viginti  vulneribus  confossus  est. 


LIBER   SEPTIMUS 

From  the  Assassination  of  Caesar  to  the  Death  of 
THE  Emperor  Domitian,  44  B.C.-96  a.d. 


Civil  War  idth  Hirtius  and  Pansa,  44-43  B.C. 

10  1.  Anno  urbis  septingentesimo  fere  ac  nono  interfecto 
Caesare  civilia  bella  reparata  sunt.  Percussoribus  ^  enim 
Caesaris  senatus  favebat.  Antonius  consul  partium  Caesaris 
civilibus  bellis  opprimere  eos  conabatur.  Ergo  turbata  re 
ptiblica  multa  Antonius  scelera  committens  a  senatu  hostis 

15  iudicatus  est.  Missi  ad  eum  persequendum  duo  consules, 
Pansa  et  Hirtius,  et  Octavianus  adulescens  annos  x  et  viii 
natus,  Caesaris  nepos,  quem  ille  testamento  heredem  rell- 
querat  et  nomen  suum  ferre  iusserat.  Hic  est,  qui  postea 
Augustus  est  dictus  et  rerum  ^  potitus.     Qui  profecti  contra 

20  Antoniuin  tres  duces  vicerunt  eum.     Ev6nit  tarnen  ut  vi- 

1  H.  301  ;  M.  145,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  146,  d ;  G.  208,  2  ;  B.  187,  11,  h. 

2  H.  385,  I ;  M.  205 ;  A.  &  G.  227  ;  G.  346  ;  B.  187,  III,  a. 

8  H.  410,  V,  3  ;  M.  231  ;  A.  &  G.  223,  a  ;  G.  407,  2,  (d)  ;  B.  212,  2. 


LIBER  VII.  63 

ctor6s  consules  ambo  morerentur.     Qiiare  tres  exercitus  uni 
Caesari  Augusto  pariierunt. 

The  Second  Triumvirate,  43  b.c. 

2.  Fiigatiis  Antonius  amisso  exercitu  confugit  ad  Lepidiim, 
qui  Caesari^  magister  equitum  fuerat  et  turn  militiim  copias 

5  grandes  habebat,  a  quo  susceptus  est.  Mox  Lepido  operam 
dante  Caesar  pacem  cum  Antonio  fecit  et  quasi  vindicaturus 
patris  sui  mortem,  a  quo  per  testamentum  fuerat  adoptatus, 
Homam  cum  exercitu  profectus  extorsit  ut  sibi  vicesimo 
anno  consulatus  daretur.  Senatum  proscripsit,  cum  Anto- 
10  nio  ac  Lepido  rem  publicam  armis  tenere  coepit.  Per  hos  ^ 
etiam  Cicero  orator  occisus  est  multique  alii  iiobiles. 

The  Battle  of  Philippi,  42  b.c. 

3.  Interea  Brutus  et  Cassius,  interfectores  Caesaris,  iii- 
gens  bellum  moverunt.  Erant  enim  per  Max^edoniam  et 
Orientem  multi  exercitus,  quos  occupaveraiit.    Profecti  sunt 

15  igitur  contra  eos  Caesar  Octavianus  Augustus  et  M.  Anto- 
nius; remanserat  enim  ad  defendendam  Italiam  Lepidus. 
Apud  Philippos,  Macedoniae  urbem,  contra  eos  pugnave- 
runt.  Primo  proelio  victi  sunt  Antonius  et  Caesar,  periit 
tameii  dux  nobilitatis  Cassius,  secundo  Brtitum  et  infinitam 

20  nobilitatem,  quae  cum  illis  bellum  gesserat,  victam  interfe- 
cerunt.  Ac  sic  inter  eos  divlsa  est  res  publica,  ut  Augustus 
Hispanias,  Gallias  et  Italiam  teneret,  Antonius  Asiam, 
Pontum,  Orientem.  Sed  in  Italia  L.  Antonius  consul  bel- 
lum civile  commovit,  frater  eius,  qui  cum  Caesare  contra 

25  Brutum  et  Cassium  dimicaverat.  Is  apud  Perusiam,  Tus- 
ciae  civitatem,  victus  et  captus  est,  neque  occisus. 

1  H.  384,  II,  4,  N.  2  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235  ;  G.  350,  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 

2  H.  415,  I,  1,  N.  1  ;  M.  247,  3 ;  A.  &  G.  246,  b ;  G.  401,  end  ;  B.  141. 


64  EUTROPl   BREVIARII 

War  with  Sextus  Pompey. 

4.  Interim  a  Sex.  Pompeio,  Cn.  Pompel  Magni  filio,  in- 
gens  belliim  in  Sicilia  commotum  est,  his  qui  sui^erfuerant 
ex  partibiis  Briiti  Cassiique  ad  eum  confluentibus.  Bellatuni 
per  Caesarem  Augustum  Octavianum  et  M.  Antoniiim  ad- 

5  versus  Sex,  Pompeium  est.     Pax  postremo  convenit. 

5.  Eo  tempore  M.  Agrippa  in  Aquitania  rem  prospere 
gessit  et  L.  Ventidius  Bassus  inrumpentes  in  Syriam  Persas 
tribus  proeliis  vicit.  Pacorum,  regis  Orodis  filium,  inter- 
fecit  eo  ipso  die  quo  olim  Orodes,  Persarum  rex,  per  ducem 

10  Surenam  Crassum  occlderat.  Hic  primus  de  ParthTs  iiistis- 
siiiium  triumphum  Komae  egit. 

6.  Interim  Pompeius  pacem  rtipit  et  navali  x)i'oeli6  victiis 
fugiens  ad  Asiam  interfectus  est.  Antonius,  qui  Asiam  el 
Orientem  tenebat,  repudiata  sorore  Caesaris  AugustI  Octa- 

15  viani  Cleopatram,  reginam  Aegypti,  duxit  uxorem.  Contra 
Persas  etiani  ipse  pugnavit.  Primis  eos  proeliis  vicit,  regre- 
diens  tamen  fame  et  pestilentia  laboravit  et,  cum  instarent 
ParthI  fugienti,  ipse  pro  victo  recessit. 

Civil  War  between  Augustus  and  Antonius.     The  Battle  of 
Actium,  31  B.C. 

7.  Hic   quoque   ingens   belliim  civile  commovit  cogente 
20  uxore  Cleopatra,  reglna  Aegypti,  duni  cupiditate  muliebrl 

optat  etiam  in  urbe  regnare.  Victus  est  ab  Augusto  navali 
piigna  clara  et  inlustrl  apud  Actium,  qui  locus  in  Epiro  est, 
ex  qua  fugit  in  Aegyptum  et  desperatis  rebus,  cum  omnes ' 
ad  Augustum  transirent,  ipse  se  interemit.  Cleopatra  sibi  ^ 
25  aspidem  admlsit  et  veneno  eius  exstincta  est.    Aeg^^ptus  per 

1  H.  517  ;  M.  356 ;  A.  &  G.  320 ;  G.  580  ;  B.  280,  2. 

2  H.  380  ;  M.  202,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  228  ;  G.  347  ;  B.  187,  III. 


LIBER  VII.  65 

Octavianum  Augustum  imperio  Eomano  adiecta  est  praepo- 
situsque  el  C.  Cornelius  Gallus.  Hunc  prlmum  Aegyptus 
Romanum  iudicem  habuit. 

Imperial  Government  Established,  31  b.c. 

8.  Ita  bellis  toto  orbe  confectls  Octavianus  Augustus  Ro- 
5  niaiii  rediit,  duodecimo  anno^  quam  consul  fuerat.     Ex  eo 

rem  piiblicam  per  quadraginta  et  quattuor  annos  solus  obti- 
nuit.  Ante  enim  duodecim  annis  cum  Antonio  et  Lepido 
tenuerat.  Ita  ab  initio  principatus  eius  usque  ad  finem 
quinquaginta  et  sex  anni  fuerunt.     Obiit  autem  septuage- 

10  simo  sexto  anno  morte  communT  in  oppido  Campaniae 
Atella.  Romae  in  campo  Martio  sepultus  est,  vir,  qui  non 
immerito  ex  maxima  parte  deo  ^  similis  est  putatus.  ]^eque 
enim  facile  ullus  eo^  aut  in  bellis  fellcior  fuit  aut  in  pace 
moderatior.      Quadraginta  et  quattuor  annis,  quibus  solus 

15  gessit  imperium,  civilissime  vixit,  in  cunctos  liberalissimus, 
in  amicos  fidissimus,  quos  tantis  evexit  honoribus  ut  paene 
aequaret  f astigio  suo. 

Extension  of  the  Empire. 

9.  Ntillo  tempore  ante  eum  magis  res  Romana  floruit. 
Nam  exceptis  civilibus  bellis,  in  quibus  invictus  fuit,  Romano 

20  adiecit  im^perio  Aegyptum,  Cantabriam,  Dalmatiam  saepe 
ante  victam,  sed  penitus  tunc  subactam,  Pannoniam,  Aqui- 
taniam,  Illyricum,  Raetiam,  Vindelicos  et  Salassos  in  Alpi- 
bus,  omnes  Ponti  maritimas  civitates,  in  his  iiobilissimas 
Bosporum  et  Panticapaeum.     Vicit  autem  multis  proeliTs 

25  Dacos.     Germanorum  ingentes  copias  cecldit,  ipsos  quoque 

1  H.  430  (last  example) ;  M.  249  ;  A.  &  G.  262,  x.  2  ;  G.  563,  2  ;  B.  230. 

2  H.  391  ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234  ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 

8  H.  417  ;  M.  239,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  247  ;  G.  398 ;  B.  217,  1. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIU8  —  5 


66  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

trans  Albim  fluvium  summovit,  qui  in  Barbarico  longe  ultra 
Rhenum  est.  Hoc  tamen  bellum  per  Drusum,  privignum 
suum,  administravit,  sicut  per  Tiberium,  privignum  alterum, 
Pannonicum,  .  .  .  quo  bello  xl  captlvorum  milia  ex  Ger- 
5  mania  transtulit  et  supra  ripam  RhenI  in  Gallia  conlocavit. 
Arnieniam  a  Parthls  recepit.  Obsides,  quod  nulli  antea, 
Persae  el  dederunt.  Reddiderunt  etiam  signa  Romana, 
quae  Crasso  victo  ademerant. 

Death  of  Augustus,  14  a.d. 

10.  Scythae  et  Indl,  quibus  antea  Romanorum  nomen  inco- 
10  gnitum  fuerat,  munera  et  legatos  ad  eum  miserunt.    Galatia 

quoque  sub  hoc  provincia  facta  est,  cum  antea  regnum  fuis- 
set,  primusque  eam  M.  Lollius  pro  praetore  administravit. 
Tanto  autem  amore  *  etiam  apud  barbaros  fuit  ut  reges 
popull  RomanI  amlci  in  honorem  eius  conderent  civitates, 

15  quas  Caesareas  nominarent.  Multl  autem  reges  ex  regnis 
suls  venerunt,  ut  el  obsequerentur,  et  habitu  Romano,  togati 
scilicet,  ad  vehiculum  vel  equum  ipsius  cucurrerunt.  Mo- 
riens  Divus  appellatus.  Rem  ptiblicam  beatissimam  Tiberio 
successorl  rellquit,  qui  privlgnus  el,  mox  gener,  postremo 

20  adoptione  filius  fuerat. 

Tiberius  Emperor,  14-37  a.d. 

11.  Sed  Tiberius  ingenti  socordia  imperiura  gessit,  gravl 
crudelitate,  scelesta  avaritia,  turpi  libldine.  Nam  nusquam 
ipse  ptignavit,  bella  per  legatos  gessit  suos.  Quosdam  reges 
ad  se  per  blanditias  evocatos  numquam  remlsit,  in  quibus 

ii5  Archelaum  Cappadocem,  cuius  etiam  regnum  in  provinciae 
formam   redegit   et  maximam  civitatem  appellari  nomine 

I  H.  419,  II ;  M.  246 ;  A.  &  G.  251  ;  G.  400 ;  B.  224,  1. 


LIBER   VII.  67 

suo  iussit,  quae  nunc  Caesarea  dicitur,  cum  Mazaca  antea 
vocaretur.  Hic  tertio  et  vicesimo  imperii  anno,  aetatis  sep- 
tuagesimo  octavo,  ingenti  omnium  gaudio  mortuus  est  in 
Campania. 

Caligula  Emperor,  37^1  a.d. 

5  12.  Successit  ei  C.  Caesar,  cognomento  Caligula,  DrtisI, 
privignl  AugustI,  et  ipslus  Tiber!  nepos,  sceleratissimus  ac 
funestissimus  et  qui  etiam  Tiberl  dedecora  purgaverit.^ 
Bellum  contra  Germanos  suscepit  et  ingressus  Sueviam 
nihil  strenue  fecit.  Cum  adversum  cunctos  ingenti  avaritia, 
10  libidine,  crudelitate  saevlret,  interfectus  in  Palatio  est  anno 
aetatis  vicesimo  nono,  imperii  tertio,  mense  decimo  dieque 
octavo. 

Claudius  Emperor,  41-54  a.d. 

13.  Post  hunc  Claudius  fuit,  pat  runs  Caligulae,  Driisi, 
qui  apud  Mogontiacum  monumentum  habet,  fllius,  cuius  et 

15  Caligula  nepos  erat.  Hic  medie  imperavit,  multa  gerens 
tranquille  atque  moderate,  quaedam  crudeliter  et  insulse. 
BritannTs  intulit  bellum,  quam  nullus  Komanorum  post 
C.  Caesarem  attigerat,  eaque  devicta  per  Cn.  Sentium  et 
A.  Plautium,  inlustres  ac  nobiles  viros,  triumphum  cele- 

20  brem  egit.  Quasdam  insiilas  etiam  ultra  Britannias  in 
Oceano  positas  imperio  Romano  addidit,  quae  appellantur 
Orchades,  filio  autem  suo  Britannici  nomen  imposuit. 
Tam  civilis  autem  circa  quosdam  amicos  exstitit,  ut  etiam 
Plautium,  nobilem  virum,  qui  expeditione  Britannica  multa 

25  egregie  fecerat,  triumphantem  ipse  prosequeretur  et  con- 
scendenti  Capitolium  laevus  inc^deret.  Is  vixit  annos  iv 
et  Lx,  imperavit  xiv.  Post  mortem  consecratus  est  Dlvus- 
que  appellatus. 

1  H.  503,  I ;  M.  383,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  631,  2 ;  B.  283,  1. 


68  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

"  Nero  Emperor,  54-68  a.d. 

14.  Successit  huic  Nero,  Caligulae,  avunculo  suo,  similli- 
nius,  qui  Eomanum  imperium  et  deformavit  et  minuit,  inusi- 
tatae  luxuriae  ^  sumptuiimque,  et  qui  exemplo  C.  Caligulae  in 
calidis  et  frigidis  lavaret  unguentis,  retibus  aureis  piscare- 

5  tur,  quae  blattinis  funibus  extrahebat.  Infinitam  senatus 
partem  interf ecit,  bonis  ^  omnibus  hostis  f uit.  Ad  postre- 
nium  se  tanto  dedecore  prostituit  ut  et  saltaret  et  cantaret 
in  scaena  eitharoedico  habitu  vel  tragico.  Parricldia  multa 
commisit  fratre,  uxore,  sorore,  matre  interfectis.     Urbem 

10  Romam  incendit,  ut  spectacull  eius  imaginem  cerneret,  quali 
olim  Troia  capta  arserat.  In  rS  mllitari  nihil  omnino  ausus 
Britanniam  paene  amisit.  Nam  duo  sub  eo  nobilissima 
oppida  capta  illic  atque  eversa  sunt.  Armeniam  Parthi 
sustulSrunt    legionesque    Romanas    sub    iugum    miserunt. 

15  Duae  tamen  sub  eo  provinciae  factae  sunt,  Pontus  Polemo- 
niacus  concedente  r6ge  Polemone  et  Alp6s  Cottiae  Cottio 
rege  defuncto. 

15.  Per  haec  Romano  orbl  exsecrabilis  ab  omnibus  simul 
dSstitutus  est  et  a  senatu  hostis  iudicatus ;  cum  quaerergtur 

20  ad  poenam,  quae  poena  erat  talis,  ut  niidus  per  publicum 
ductus  furca  capiti  eius  inserta  virgis  usque  ad  mortem 
caederetur  atque  ita  praecipitaretur  a  saxo,  e  Palatio  fugit 
et  in  suburbano  se  iTberti  sui,  quod  inter  Salariam  et  No- 
mentanam  viam  ad  quartum  urbis  miliarium  est,  interfecit. 

25  Is  aedilicavit  Romae  thermas,  quae  ante  Neronianae  dictae 
nunc  Alexandrianae  appellantur.  Obiit  tric6simo  et  altero 
aetatis  anno,  imperil  quarto  decimo,  atque  in  eo  omnis 
AugustI  familia  consilmpta  est. 

1  H.  396,  V  ;  M.  222  ;  A.  &  G.  215  ;  G.  365  ;  B.  203,  1. 
a  H.  391  ;  M.  214 ;  A.  &  G.  234  ;  G,  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 


LIBER  VII.  69 

Galha  Emperor,  68-69  a.d. 

16.  Huic  Serv.  Galba  successit,  antlquissimae  nobilitatis 
senator,  cum  septuagesimuin  et  tertium  aumim  ageret  aeta- 
tis,  ab  Hispanis  et  Gallis  iniperator  electus,  mox  ab  uni- 
verso  exercitu  libenter  acceptus.     Nam  privata  ^ius  vita 

5  msignis  f uerat  militaribus  et  civilibus  rebus.  Saepe  consul, 
saepe  pro  consule,  frequenter  dux  in  gravissimis  bellls. 
Hiiius  breve  iraperium  fuit  et  quod  bona  haberet  exordia, 
nisi  ad  severitatem  propensior  vidergtur.^  Insidiis  tamen 
Othonis  occTsus  est  imperii  mense  septimo.     lugulatus  in 

10  foro  Rdmae  sepultusque  in  hortis  suis,  qui  sunt  Aurelia  via 
non  longe  ab  urbe  Koma. 

Otho  Emperor y  69  a.d. 

17.  Otho  occiso  Galba  invasit  imperium,  materno  genere  ^ 
nobilior  quam  paterno,  neutro  tamen  obsctiro.  In  privata 
vita  mollis  et  Neroni  familiaris,  in  imperio  documentum 

15  sui  non  potuit  ostendere.  Nam  cum  isdem  temporibus, 
quibus  Otho  Galbam  occiderat,  etiam  Vitellius  factus  esse! 
a  Germanicianis  exercitibus  iinperator,  bello  contra  eum 
suscepto  cum  apud  Bedriacum  in  Italia  lev!  proelio  victus 
esset,  ingentes  tamen  copias  ad  bellum  haberet,  sponte  se- 

20  met  ^  occldit.  Petentibus  mllitibus  ne  tam  cito  de  belli  d6- 
speraret  eventii,  cum  tanti^  s6  non  esse  dixisset  ut  propter 
eum  bellum  civile  mover^tur,  voluntaria  morte  obiit  trlce- 
simo  et  octavo  aetatis  anno,  nonagSsimo  et  quinto  imperil 
die. 

1  H.  510,  II ;  M.  360  ;  A.  &  G.  308  ;  G.  597  ;  B.  304,  1. 

2  H.  424  ;  M.  238,  1  ;  A.  «Sb  G.  253  ;  G.  397  ;  B.  226. 

3  H.  184,  3  ;  M.  77,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  99,  /;  G.  102,  n.  2  ;  B.  6,  3. 
♦  H.  404  ;  M.  224 ;  A.  &  G.  252,  a  ;   G.  879 ;  B.  203,  3. 


70  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Vitellius  Emperor^  69  a.d. 

18.  Deiii  Vitellius  imperio  ^  potitus  est,  familia  honorata 
magis  quam  nobili.  Nam  pater  eius  non  admodum  clare 
natus  tres  tamen  ordiuarios  gesserat  consulatus.  Hic  cum 
multo  dedecore  imperavit  et  gravi  saevitia  notabilis,  prae- 

5  cipue  ingluvie  et  voracitate,  quippe  cum  de  die  saepe  quarto 
vel  quTnto  f eratur  ^  epulatus.  Notissima  certe  cena  memo- 
riae mandata  est,  quam  ei  Vitellius  f  rater  exliibuit,  in  qua 
super  ceteros  sumptus  duo  milia  piscium,  septem  avium 
apposita  traduntur.     Hic   cum   NeronI   similis   esse  vellet 

10  atque  id  adeo  prae  se  ferret,  ut  etiam  exsequias  Neronis, 
quae  humiliter  sepultae  fuerant,  honoraret,  a  VespasianT 
ducibus  occisus  est  interfecto  prius  in  urbe  Sabino,  Ve- 
spasianl  imperatoris  fratre,  quem  cum  Capitolio  incendit. 
Interfectus  autem  est  magno  dedecore :  tractus  per  urbem 

15  Romam  publice,  nudus,  erecto  coma  capite  et  subiecto  ad 

raentum  gladio,  stercore  in  vultum  et   pectus  ab  omnibus 

obviis  appetitus,  postremo  iugulatus  et  in  Tiberim  deiectus 

,      etiam  commtini  caruit  sepultiira.     Periit  autem  aetatis  anno 

septimo  et  quinquagesimo,  imperil  mense  octavo  et  die  tino. 

Vespasicm  Emjjeror,  69-79  a.d. 

20  19.  Vespasianus  huic  successit,  factus  apud  Palaestlnam 
imperator,  prlnceps  obscure  quidem  natus,  sed  optimis  com- 
parandus,  privata  vita  inlustris,  ut  qui  a  Claudio  in  Ger- 
maniam  et  deinde  in  Britanniam  missus  tricies  et  bis  cum 
hoste  confllxerit,  duas  validissimas  gentes,  vigintl  oppida, 

26  Insulam  Vectam,  Britanniae  proximam,  imperio  Bomano 
adiecerit.     Bomae  sg  in  imperio  moderatissime  gessit.     Pe- 

1  H.  421,  I ;  M.  263  ;  A.  &  G.  249  ;  G.  407  ;  B.  218,  1. 

2H.  517,3,  1);M.  382,  2,  n.  ;  A.  &G.  326,  n.  1  ;  G.  498,  n.  8;  B.  286,2. 


LIBER  VII.  71 

cuniae  tantum  avidior  f uit,  ita  tamen,  ut  earn  iiulll  ^  iniiiste 

auferret.    Qiiam  cum  omni  diligentiae  provisione  conligeret, 

tamen    studiosissime   largiebatur,   praecipue    indigentibus. 

Xec  facile  ante  eum  cuiusquam  principis  vel  maior  est 

5  liberalitas  comperta,  vel  itistior.  Placidissimae  lenitatis, 
ut  qui  maiestatis  quoque  contra  se  reos  non  facile  puniret 
ultra  exsilii  poenam.  Sub  hoc  ludaea  Eomano  accessit 
imperio  et  Hierosolyma,  quae  fuit  urbs  nobilissima  Palae- 
stinae.     Achaeam,  Lyciam,   Rhodum,  Byzantium,  Samum, 

10  quae  liberae  ante  id  tempus  fuerant,  item  Thraciam,  Cili- 
ciam,  Commagen'en,  quae  sub  regibus  amicls  egerant,  in 
provinciarum  formam  redegit. 

20.   Offensarum^  et  inimicitiarum  immemor  fuit,  convicia 
a  causidicis  et  philosophis  in  se  dicta  leniter  tulit,  diligens 

15  tamen  coercitor  disciplinae  mllitaris.  Hic  cum  filio  Tito 
de  Hierosolymis  triumphavit.  Per  haec  cum  senatui,  po- 
pulo,  postremo  cunctis  amabilis  ac  iucundus  esset,  profluvio 
ventris  exstinctus  est  in  villa  propria  circa  Sabinos,  annum 
agens  aetatis  sexagesimum  nonum,  imperii  nonum  et  diem 

20  septimum,  atque  inter  Divos  relatus  est.  Genitilram  filio- 
rum  ita  cognitam  habuit,  ut,  cum  multae  contra  eum  con- 
iurationes  fierent,  quas  patefactas  ingenti  dissimulatione 
contempsit,  in  senatu  dixerit  aut  filios  sibi  successuros,  aut 
neminem. 

Titus  Emperor,  79-81  a.d. 

25  21.  Huic  Titus  filius  successit,  qui  et  ipse  Vespasianus  est 
dictus,  vir  omnium  virtutum  genere  mirabilis  adeo  ut  amor 
et  deliciae  humani  generis  diceretur,  facundissimus,  belli- 
cosissimus,  moderatissimus.      Causas  Latine  egit,  poemata 

1  H.  385,  II,  2  ;  M.  211 ;  A.  &  G.  229  ;  G.  347,  5  ;  B.  188,  2,  d. 

2  H.  399 ;  M,  226,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  218  ;  G.  374  ;  B.  204,  1. 


72  EUTROPl   BREVTARn 

et  tragoedias  Graece  composuit.  In  oppugnatiOne  Hiero- 
solyinorum  sub  patre  militans  duodecim  proptignatorgs  duo- 
decim  sagittarum  confixit  ictibus.  Romae  tantae  civilitatis 
ill  imperio  fuit  ut  nullum  omnino  punierit,  convlctos  adver- 

5  sum  se  coniurationis  dimiserit  vel  in  eadem  familiaritate 
qua  antea  habuerit.  Facilitatis  et  liberalitatis  tantae  fuit 
ut,  cum  null!  quicquam  negaret  et  ab  amicis  reprehendere- 
tur,  resfjonderit  nullum  tristem  dgbere  ab  imperatore  dis- 
c6dere,  praeterea  cum  quadam  dig  in  cena  recordatus  fuisset 

10  nihil  s6  illo  die  culquam  praestitisse,  dixerit :  '  AmicI,  hodie 
diem  perdidl.'  Hic  Romae  amphitheatrum  aedificavit  et 
quinque  milia  ferarum  in  dedicatione  6ius  occldit. 

22.  Per  haec  intlsitato  favore  dilectus  morbo  periit  in  ea, 
qua  pater,  villa  post  biennium  et  m6nses  octo,  di6s  viginti, 

15  quam  imperator  erat  factus,  aetatis  anno  altero  et  quadra- 
gesimo.  Tantus  luctus  eo  mortuo  publicus  fuit  ut  omnes 
tamquam  in  propria  doluerint  orbitate.  Senatus  obitu  ipslus 
circa  vesperam  nuntiato  nocte  inrupit  in  curiam  et  tantas  ei 
mortuo  laudes  gratiasque  congessit,  quantas  nee  vivo  uin- 

20  quam  ggerat  nee  praesenti.     Inter  Divos  relatus  est. 

Domitian  Emperor,  81-96  a.d. 

23.  Domitianus  niox  acc6pit  imperium,  f rater  ipsius 
iunior,  Neroni  aut  Caligulae  aut  Tiberio  similior  quam  patrT 
vel  f ratrl  suo.  Primis  tamen  annis  moderatus  in  imperio  fuit, 
mox  ad  ingentia  vitia  progressus  libidinis,  iracundiae,  cru- 

25  delitatis,  avaritiae,  tantum  in  se  odii  ^  concitavit  ut  merita 
et  patris  et  fratris  aboleret.  Interfecit  nobilissimos  e 
senatu.  Dominum  se  et  deum  primus  appellari  iussit. 
Nullam  sibi  nisi  auream  et  argenteam  statuam  in  Capitolio 

1  H.  397,  8 ;  M.  225,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  216,  a,  3  ;  G.  369  j  B.  201,  2. 


LIBER   VIII.  73 

passus  est  ponl.  Consobrinos  suos  interfgcit.  Superbia 
quoque  in  eo  exsecrabilis  fuit.  Expeditiones  quattuor  ha- 
buit,  unam  adversum  Sarmatas,  alteram  adversum  Cattos, 
duas  adversum  Dacos.     De  Dacis  Cattisque  duplicem  trium- 

5  phum  egit,  de  Sarmatis  solam  lauream  tisurpavit.  Multas 
tamen  calamitates  Isdem  bellis  passus  est ;  nam  in  Sarmatia 
legio  eius  cum  duce  interfecta  est  et  a  Dacis  Oppius  Sabl- 
nus  cOnsularis  et  Cornelius  Fuscus,  praefectus  praetorio, 
cum  magnis  exercitibus  occisi  sunt.     Komae  quoque  multa 

10  opera  fecit,  in  his  Capitolium  et  Forum  Transitorium,  Dlvo- 
rum  Porticus,  Isium  ac  Serapium  et  Stadium.  Verum  cum 
ob  scelera  universis  exosus  esse  coepisset,  interfectus  est 
suorum  coniuratione  in  Palatio,  anno  aetatis  quadragesimo 
quinto,  imperil  qulnto  decimo.      Fimus   eius   cum   ingenti 

16  dedecore  per  vespillonSs  exportatum  et  ignobiliter  est  se- 

pultum. 

» 

LIBER  OCTAVUS 

From  the  Accession  of  Nerva  to  the  Death  of 
Alexander  Severus,  96-235  a.d. 


Nerva  Emperor,  96-98  a.d. 
1.  AnnO  octingentesimo  et  qumquagesimo  ab  urbe  condita 
Vetere  et  Valente  consulibus  r6s  publica  ad  prosperrimum 
statum  rediit  bonis  principibus  ingenti  felicitate  commissa. 
20  Domitiano  enim,  exitiabill  tyranno,  Nerva  siu-tessit,  vir  in 
privata  vita  moderatus  et  strenuus,  nobilitatis  mediae.  Qui 
senex  admodum  operam  dante  Petronio  Secundo,  praefecto 
praetorio,  item  Parthenio,  interfectore  DomitianI,  imperator 
est  f actus ;  aequissimum  se  et  civilissimum  praebuit.  Rei  ^ 
1  H.  385,  1  ;  M.  204  ;  A.  &  G.  227,  c  ;  G.  346,  r.  2,  n.  2  ;  B.  187,  III. 


74  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

ptiblicae  divina  provisione  consuluit  Traianum  adoptando.* 
Mortuus  est  Romae  post  annum  et  quattuor  menses  imperii 
suT  ac  dies  octo,  aetatis  septuagesimo  et  altero  anno,  atque 
inter  Divos  relatus  est. 

Trajan  Emperor,  98-117  a.d. 

5  2.  Successit  ei  Ulpius  Crinitus  Traianus,  natus  Italicae  in 
Hispania,  familia^  antlqua  magis  quam  clara.  Nam  pater 
eius  primum  consul  fuit.  Imperator  autem  apud  Agrippi- 
nam  in  Gallils  factus  est.  Rem  ptiblicam  ita  administravit 
ut    omnibus    principibus    merito     praeferatiir,     inusitatae 

10  civilitatis  et  fortitudinis.  RomanI  imperii,  quod  post  Au- 
giistum  defensum  magis  fuerat  quam  nobiliter  ampliatum, 
fines  longe  lateque  diffudit.  Urbes  trans  Rhenum  in  Ger- 
mania  reparavit.  Daciam  Decibalo  victo  subegit  provincia 
trans  Danubium  facta  in  his  agrls  quos  nunc  Taifali,  Victo- 

15  all  et  Tervingi  habent.  Ea  provincia  decies  centena  milia 
passuum  in  circuitti  tenuit. 

3.  Armeniam,  quam  occupaverant  ParthI,  recepit  Partho- 
masiri  occiso,  qui  eam  tenebat.  Albanis  regem  dedit. 
Hiberorum   regem  et  Sauromatarum   et  Bosporanorum   et 

20  Arabum  et  Osdroenoruin  et  Colchorum  in  fidem  accepit. 
Carduenos,  Marcomedos  occupavit  et  Anthemtisiam,  ma- 
gnam  Persidis  regionem,  Seleuciam,  Ctesiphontem,  Baby- 
lonem;  Messenios  vicit  ac  tenuit.  Usque  ad  Indiae  fines 
et   mare  Rubrum   accessit  atque   ibi   tres  provincias  fecit, 

25  Armeniam,  Assyrian!,  Mesopotamiam,  cum  his  gentibus 
quae  Madenam  attingunt.  Arabiam  postea  in  provinciae 
form  am  redegit.  In  marl  Rubro  classem  Instituit,  ut  per 
eam  Indiae  fln6s  vastaret. 

1  H.  542,  IV ;  M.  292  ;  A.  &  G.  301 ;  G.  431  ;  B.  338,  4,  a. 

2  H.  415 ;  M.  234  ;  A.  &  G.  244  ;  G.  395  ;  B.  215. 


LIBER   VIII.  .        75 

4.  Gloriam  tamen  militarem  civilitate  et  moderatione  supe- 
ravit,  Romae  et  per  provincias  aequalem  se  omnibus  exhi- 
bens,  amicos  salutandl^  causa  frequentans  vel  aegrotantes 
vel  cum  festos  dies  habuissent,  convlvia  cum  isdem  indi- 

5  screta  vicissitti  habens,  saepe  in  vehiculls  eorum  sedens,  nul- 
lum senatorum  laedens,  nihil  iniiistum  ad  augendum  fiscum 
agens,  liberalis  in  cunctos,  publice  privatimque  ditans  omnes 
et  honoribus  augens,  quos  vel  mediocri  familiaritate  cogno- 
visset,  per  orbem  terrarum  aedificans  multa,  immunitates 

10  civitatibus  tribuens,  nihil  non  tranquillum  et  placidum 
agens,  adeo  ut  omni  eius  aetate  unus  senator  damnatus  sit 
atque  is  tamen  per  senatum  ignorante  Traiano.  Ob  haec 
per  orbem  terrarum  deo  proximus  nihil  non  venerationis 
meruit  et  vivus  et  mortuus. 

15  5.  Inter  alia  dicta  hoc  ipsius  fertur  egregium.  AmicTs 
enim  culpantibus,  quod  nimium  circa  omnes  communis  esset,^ 
respondit  talem  se  imperatorem  esse  privatis,  quales  esse 
sibi  imperatores  privatus  optasset.  Post  ingentem  igitur 
gloriam  belli   domique   quaesitam  e  Perside  rediens  apud 

20  Seleuciam  Isauriae  profluvio  ventris  exstinctus  est.  Obiit 
autem  aetatis  anno  sexagesimo  tertio,  mense  nono,  die 
quarto,  imperii  nono  decimo,  mense  sexto,  die  quinto  de- 
cimo.  Inter  Divos  relatus  est  solusque  omnium  intra  urbem 
sepultus  est.     Ossa  conlata  in  urnam  auream  in  foro,  quod 

25  aedificavit,  sub  columna  posita  sunt,  cuius  altitude  cxliv 
pedes  habet.  Htiius  tantum  memoriae  delatum  est  ut 
usque  ad  nostram  aetatem  non  aliter  in  senatu  prlncipibus 
acclametur,  nisi  '  Felicior  Augusto,^  melior  Traiano.'  Adeo 
in   eo  gloria  bonitatis   obtinuit,  ut   vel   adsentantibus   vel 

4  H.  542,  I ;  M.  289 ;  A.  &  G.  298  ;  G.  428  ;  B.  338,  1,  c. 
2  H.  516,  II ;  M.  357  ;  A.  &  G.  321  ;  G.  541  ;  B.  286,  1. 
8  H.  417  ;  M.  239,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  247 ;  G.  398  ;  B.  217,  1. 


76  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

vere    laudantibus    occasionem    magnificentissimi    praestet 
exempli. 

Hadrian  Emperor,  117-138  a.d. 

6.  Deftincto  Traiano  Aelius  Hadrianus  ^reatus  est  prin- 
ceps,  sine  aliqua  quidein  voluntate  TraianI,  sed  operam  dante 

5  Plotlna,  Traiani  uxore ;  nam  eum  Traianus,  qiiamquam 
consobrinae  suae  filiiim,  vivus  noluerat  adoptare.  Natus 
et  ipse  Italicae  in  Hispania.  Qui  Traiani  gloriae  invidens 
statim  provincias  tres  rellquit,  quas  Traianus  addiderat,  et 
de  Assyria,  Mesopotamia,  Armenia  revocavit  exercittis   ac 

10  finem  imperil  esse  voluit  Euphraten.  Idem  de  Dacia  facere 
conatum  amid  deterruerunt,  ne  multi  elves  RomanI  barbaris 
traderentur,  propterea  quia  Traianus  victa  Dacia  ex  toto 
orbe  Romano  mfinitas  eo  copias  hominum  transtulerat  ad 
agros  et  urbes  colendas.     Dacia  enim  diuturno  bello  Deci- 

15  ball  viris  fuerat  exhausta. 

7.  Pacem  tamen  omni  imperii  sui  tempore  habuit,  semel 
tantum  per  praesidem  dimicavit.  Orbem  Eomanum  cir- 
cumiit;  multa  aediiicavit.  Facundissimus  Latino  sermone, 
Graeco  erudltissimus  fuit.   Non  magnam  clementiae  gloriam 

20  habuit,  diligentissimus  tamen  circa  aerarium  et  militum  di- 
sciplinam.  Obiit  in  Campania  maior  sexagenario,  imperii 
anno  vicesimo  primo,  niense  decimo,  die  vicesimo  nono. 
Senatus  ei  tribuere  noluit  divlnos  honores,  tamen  cum  suc- 
cessor ipsius  T.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Fulvius  hoc  vehementer 

25  exigeret,  etsi  imiversi  senatorgs  palam  resisterent,  tandem 
obtinuit. 

Antoninus  Pius  Emperor,  138-161  a.d. 

8.  ErgO  Hadrians  successit  T.  Antoninus  Fulvius  Boionius, 
Idem  etiam  Pius  nominStus,  genere  claro,  sed  n6n  admodum 


LIBER   VIII.  77 

vetere,  vir  Insignis  et  qui  merito  Numae  Pompilio  confera- 
tur,^  ita  ut  Eomulo  Traianus  aeqiietur.  Vixit  ingenti  hone- 
state  privatus,  maiore  in  imperio,  nulli  acerbus,  cunctis 
benignus,  in  re  militari  moderata  gloria,  dgfendere  magis 
5  provincias  quain  amplificare  studens,  viros  aequissimos  ad 
administrandam  rem  publicam  quaerSns,  bonis  honorem 
habens,  improbos  sine  aliqua  acerbitate  detestans,  regibns 
anncis  venerabilis  non  minus  quam  terribilis,  adeo  ut  bar- 
barorum  plurimae  nationes  depositis  armis  ad  eum  contro- 

10  versias  suas  litesque  deferrent  sententiaeque  parerent.  Hic 
ante  imperium  ditissimus  opes  quidem  omnes  suas  stipen- 
diis  militum  et  circa  amicos  liberalltatibus  minuit,  verum 
aerarium  opulentum  reliquit.  Pius  proi)ter  clementiam 
dictus  est.     Obiit  apud  Loriuni,  vlllam  suani,  miliario  ab 

15  urbe  duodecimo,  vitae  anno  septuagesimo  tertio,  imperii 
vicesimo  tertio,  atque  inter  Divos  relatus  est  et  merito 
consecratus. 

Marcus  Aurelius  and  Lucius  Verus  EmperorSy  161-169  a.d. 

9.  Post  hunc  imperavit  M.  Antoninus  V6rus,  hand  dubie 
nobilissimus,  quippe  cum  eius  origo  paterna  a  Numa  Pompi- 

20  lio,  materna  a  Salleiitino  rege  penderet,  et  cum  eo  L.  Annius 
Antoninus  Verus.  Tumque  primum  Rom  ana  res  ptiblica 
duobus  aequo  iure  imperium  administrantibus  pSruit,  cum 
usque  ad  eos  singulos  semper  habuisset  Augustos.  Hi  et 
genere  inter  se  coniuncti  fuerunt  et  adfinitate.     Nam  Verus 

25  Annius  Antoninus  M.  Antonini  filiam  in  matrimonium  lia- 
buit,  M.  autem  Antoninus  gener  Antonini  Pii  fuit  per  uxo- 
rem  Galeriam  Faustinam  iuniorem,  consobrinam  suam. 

10.  Hi  bellum  contra  Parthos  gesserunt,  qui  post  victoriam 

1  H.  503,  I ;  M.  383,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  631,  1  ;  B.  283,  1. 


78  EUTROPI  BREVIARII 

Traiani  turn  piimuin  rebellaverant.  Verus  Antoninus  ad  id 
profectus  est.  Qui  Antiochiae  et  circa  Armenian!  agens  multa 
per  duces  suos  et  ingentia  patravit.  Seleuclam,  Assyriae 
urbem  nobilissimam,  cum  quadringentis  mllibus  hominum 

5  cepit;  Parthicum  triumphum  revexit.  Cum  fratre  eodem- 
que^  socero  triumphavit.  Obiit  tamen  in  Venetia,  cum  a 
Concordia  civitate  Altinum  proficlsceretur  et  cum  fratre 
in  vehiculo  sederet,  subito  sanguine  ictus,  casu  morbi  quern 
Graecl  apoplexin  vocant.     Vir  ingenii  parum  civllis,  reve- 

10  rentia  tamen  fratris  nihil  umquam  atrox  ausus.  Cum  obisset 
undecimo  imperil  anno,  inter  deos  relatus  est. 

Marcus  Aurelius  reigns  alone,  169-180  a.d. 

11.  Post  eum  M.  Antoninus  solus  rem  publicam  tenuit,  vir 
quem  mirari  f  acilius  quis  quam  laudare  possit.  A  principio 
vitae  tranquillissimus,  adeo  ut  ex  mfantia  quoque  vultum 

15  nee  ex  gaudio  nee  ex  maerore  mutaverit.  Philosophiae  de- 
ditus  Stoicae,  ipse  etiam  non  solum  vltae  moribus,  sed  etiam 
erudltione  philosophus.  Tantae  admirationis  adhuc  iuve- 
nis  ut  eum  successorem  paraverit  Hadrianus  relinquere, 
adoptato  tamen  Antonino  Pio  generum  ei  idcirco  esse  vo- 

20  luerit,  ut  hoc  ordine  ad  imperium  perveniret. 

12.  Institutus  est  ad  philosophiam  per  Apollonium  *  Chal- 
c^donium,  ad  scientiam  litterarum  Graecarum  per  Sextum 
Chaeronensem,  Pliitarchi  nepotem,  Latinas  autera  eum  lit- 
teras  Fronto,  orator  nobilissimus,  docuit.     Hic  cum  omnibus 

25  Romae  aequo  iure  egit,  ad  nullam  Insolentiam  elatus  est 
imperii  fastigio ;  liberalitatis  promptissimae.  Provincias  in- 
genti  benignitate  et  moderatione  tractavit.     Contra  GermSr 

1  H.  451,  3 ;  M.  446  ;  A.  &.  G.  195,  e  ;  G.  310 ;  B.  248,  1. 

2  H.  415,  I,  N.  1 ;  M.  247,  3  ;  A.  &  G.  240,  h  ;  G.  401  ;  B.  141. 


LIBER  VIII.  79 

nos  eo  prlncipe  res  feliciter  gestae  sunt.  Bellum  ipse  unum 
gessit  Marcomannicum,  sed  quantum  nulla  memoria  fuit, 
adeo  ut  Punicis  conferatur.  Nam  eo^  gravius  est  factum, 
quod  tiniversl  exercitus  liomani  perierant.  Sub  hoc  enim 
5  tantus  casus  pestilentiae  fuit  ut  post  victoriam  Persicam 
Romae  ac  per  Italiam  provinciasque  maxima  hominum  pars, 
militum  omnes  fere  copiae  languore  defecerint. 

13.  IngentI  ergo  labore  et  moderatione,  cum  apud  Carnun- 
tum  iugi  triennio  perseverasset,  bellum  Marcomannicum  con- 

10  fecit,  quod  cum  his  QiiadI,  Vandali,  Sarmatae,  Suevi  atque 
omnis  barbaria  commoverat,  multa  hominum  milia  inter- 
fecit,  ac  Pannoniis  servitio  liberatis  Romae  rursus  cum 
Commodo  Antonino,  filio  suo,  quem  iam  Caesarem  fecerat, 
triumphavit.     Ad   huius   belli   sumptum   cum   aerario   ex- 

15  hausto  largitiones  nullas  haberet  neque  indlcere  provinciali- 
bus  aut  senatul  aliquid  vellet,  mstrumentum  regii  cultiis 
facta  in  foro  Divl  TraianI  sectione  distraxit,  vasa  aurea, 
pocula  crystallina  et  murrina,  uxoriam  ac  suam  sericam  et 
auream  vestem,  multa  ornamenta  gemmarum.     Ac  per  duos 

20  continuos  menses  ea  venditio  habita  est  multumque  auri 
redactum.  Post  victoriam  tamen  emptoribus  pretia  resti- 
tuit,  qui  reddere  comparata  voluerunt;  molestus  null!  fuit 
qui  maluit  semel  empta  retinere. 

14.  Hic  permisit  viris  clarioribus  ut  convivia  eodem  cultii 
25  quo  ipse   et   ministrls   similibus    exhiberent.     In   editione 

munerum  post  victoriam  adeo  magnificus  fuit  ut  centum 
simul  leones  exhibuisse  tradatur.  Cum  igitur  fortunatam 
rem  publicam  et  virtute  et  mansuettidine  reddidisset,  obiit 
XVIII  imperii  anno,  vitae  lxi,  et  omnibus  certatim  adniten- 
30  tibus  inter  Divos  relatus  est.  « 

1  H.  423 ;  M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  403  ;  B.  223. 


80  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Commodus  Emperor,  180-193  a.d. 

16.  Huius  successor  L.  Antoninus  Commodus  nihil  par 
ternum  habuit,  nisi  quod  contra  GermanCs  fgliciter  et  ipse 
pilgnavit.  Septembrem  mensem  ad  nomen  suum  transferre 
conatus  est,  ut  Commodus  diceretur.     Sed  luxuria  et  obsce- 

5  nitate  depravatus  gladiatoriis  armis  saepissime  in  ludo, 
deinceps  etiam  in  amphitheatro  cum  liuiusmodT  liominibus 
dimicavit.  Obiit  morte  subita  atque  adeo  ut  strangulatus 
vel  veneno  interfectus  putaretur,  cum  annis  xii  post  patrem 
et  VIII  mensibus  imperasset,  tanta  exsecratione  omnium  ut 

10  hostis  human!  generis  etiam  mortuus  iudicargtur. 

Pertinax  Emperor,  193  a.d. 

16.  Huic  successit  Pertinax,  grandaevus  iam  et  qui  sep- 
tuagenariam  attigisset  aetatem,  praef ectCiram  urbl  tum  agens, 
ex  senatus  consulto  imperare  iussus.  OctogSsimo  die  im- 
perii praetorianorum   militum  seditione  et  luliani  scelere 

15  occisus  est. 

17.  Post  eum  Salvius  Itilianus  rem  publicam  invasit,  vir 
nobilis  et  iure  peritissimus,  nepos  Salvi  luliani,  qui  sub 
Divo  Hadriano  perpetuum  composuit  edictum.  Victus  est 
a   Severo   apud   Mulvium   pontem,  interfectus  in   Palatio. 

20  Vixit  mensibus  septem  postquam  coeperat  imperare. 

Septimius  Sevenis  Emperor,  193-211  a.d. 

18.  Hinc  imperii  Roman!  administrationem  Septimius 
S.everus  accepit,  oriundus  ex  Africa  provincia  Tripolitana, 
oppido  Lepti.  Solus  omni  memoria^  et  ante  et  postea  ex 
Africa  imperator  fuit.     Hic  primum  fisc!  advocatus,  mox 

25  militaris  tribunus,  per  multa  deinde  et  varia  officia  atque 

1  H.  429 ;  M.  243,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  393 ;  B.  231. 


LIBER  VIII.  81 

honores  usque  ad  adininistrationem  totius  rei  publicae  venit. 
Pertinacem  se  appellari  voluit  in  honorem  eius  Pertinacis, 
qui  a  luliano  fuerat  occisus.  Parous  admodum  f uit,  natuia 
saevus.  Bella  multa  et  feliciter  gessit.  Pescennium  Ni- 
5  grum,  qui  in  Aegypto  et  Syria  rebellaverat,  apud  Cyzicum 
interfecit.  Parthos  vicit  et  Arabas  interiores  et  Adiabenos. 
Arabas  eo  usque  superavit  ut  etiam  provinciain  ibi  faceret. 
Idcirco  Parthicus,  Arabicus,  Adiabenicus  dictus  est.  Multa 
toto  orbe  Eomano  reparavit.  Sub  eo  etiam  Clodius  Albinus, 
10  qui  in  occidendo  Pertinace  socius  fuerat  luliano/  Caesarem 
se  in  Gallia  fecit,  victusque  apud  Lugduiium  est  interfectus. 

19.  Severus  tamen  praeter  bellicain  gloriani  etiam  civilibus 
studils  clarus  fait  et  litteris  doctus,  philosophiae  scientiam 
ad   plenum    adeptus.      Novissimum    bellum   in    Britannia 

15  habuit,  utque  receptas  provincias  omni  securitate  munlret, 
vallum  per  cxxxii  passuum  milia  a  marl  ad  mare  deduxit. 
Decessit  EboracI  admodum  senex,  imperii  anno  sexto 
decimo,  mense  tertio.  Divus  appellatus  est.  Nam  fllios 
duos   successores   reliquit,  Bassianum   et   Getam,  sed  Bas- 

20  siano  Antonini  nomen  a  senatii  voluit  imponl.  Itaque  di- 
ctus est  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Bassianus  patrlque  successit. 
Nam  Geta  hostis  publicus  iudicatus  confestim  periit. 

Caracalla  Emperor,  211-217  a.d. 

20.  M.  igitur  Aurelius  Antoninus  Bassianus,  Idemque  Cara- 
calla,  morum  fere  paternorum  fuit,  paulo  asperior  et  minax, 

25  Opus  Romae  egregium  fecit  lavacri,  quae  thermae  Antonl- 
nianae  appellantur,  nihil  praeterea  memorabile.  Impatientis 
libldinis,  qui  novercam  suam  luliam  uxorem  duxerit.  De- 
functus  est  in  Osdroena  apud  Edessam  moliens  adversum 

1  H.  387  ;  M.  212  ;  A.  &  G.  231  ;  G.  349 ;  B.  190. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS — 6 


82  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Parthos  expedltionem  anno  imperil  sexto,  mense  secundo, 
vix  egressus  quadragesimum  tertium  annum.  Funere  pu- 
blico elatus  est. 

Macrinus  Emperor,  218  a.d. 

21.  Deinde   Opilius   Macrinus,  qui  praefectiis   praetorio 
5  erat,  cum  filio  Diadumeno  fact!  imperatores  nihil  memo- 

rabile  ex  temporis  brevitate  gesserunt.  Nam  imperium 
eorum  duum  mensuum  et  unius  anni  fuit.  Seditione  mili- 
tari  ambo  pariter  occlsl  sunt. 

Heliogahalus  Emperor,  218-221  a.d. 

22.  Creatus  est  post  hos  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus.     Hic 
10  AntoniiiT  Caracallae  filiiis  putabatur,  sacerdos  autem  Helio- 

gaball  tempi!  erat.  Is  cum  Romam  ingenti  et  mllitum  et 
senatus  exspectatione  venisset,  probris  se  omnibus  contami- 
navit.  Impudicissime  et  obscenissime  vixit,  biennioque  post 
et  octo  mensibus  tumultti  interfectus  est  militari  et  cum  eo 
15  mater  Symiasera. 

Alexander  Severus  Emperor,  221-235  a.d. 

•  23.  Successit  huic  Aurelius  Alexander,  ab  exercitu  Caesar, 
a  senatti  Augustus  nominatus,  iuvenis  admodum,  susce- 
ptoque  adversus  Persas  bello  Xerxen,  eorum  regem,  glorio- 
sissime  vicit.  Militarem  disciplTnam  severissime  rexit. 
20  Quasdam  tumultuantes  legiones  integras  exauctoravit.  Ad- 
sessorem  habuit  vel  scrinil  magistrum  Ulpianum,  iuris  con- 
ditorem.  Romae  quoque  favorabilis  fuit.  Peri  it  in  Gallia 
militari  tumultu  tertio  decimo  imperii  anno  et  die  nono. 
In  Mamaeam,  matrem  suam,  unice  pius. 


LIBEU  IX.  83 

LIBER   NONUS 

Erom  the  Accession   of  Maximus   to  the  Abdication 
OF  Diocletian,  235-305  a.d. 


Maximinus  Emperor,  235-237  a.d. 

1.  Post  hunc  Maximmiis  ex  corpore  mllitari  primus  ad 
imperium  accessit  sola  militum  voluntate,  cum  nulla  senatus 
intercessis^et  auctoritas  neque  ipse  senator  esset.  Is  bello 
adversus  Germanos  feliciter  gesto  cum  a  niilitibus  impera- 

5  tor  esset  appellatus,  a  Pupieno  Aquileiae  occisus  est  dese- 
rentibus  eum  militibus  suls  cum  filio  adhuc  puero,  cum  quo 
imperaverat  triennio  et  panels  diebus. 

Antonius  Gordianus  Emperor,  237-238  a.d.     Gordianus  III 
Emperor,  238-244  a.d. 

2.  Postea  tres  simul  August!  fuerunt,  Pnpienus,  Balbinus, 
Gordianus,  duo  superiores  obsciirissimo  genere,  Gordianus 

10  nobilis,  quippe  cuius  pater,  senior  Gordianus,  consensu 
militum,  cum  proconsulatum  Africae  gereret,  Maximind 
imperante  princeps  fuisset  electus.  Itaque  cum  Eomam 
venissent,  Balbinus  et  Pupienus  in  Palatio  interfecti  sunt, 
soli  ^  Gordiano  imperium  reservatum.     Gordianus  admodum 

15  puer  cum  Tranquilllnam  Bomae  duxisset  uxorem,  lanum 
Geminum  aperuit  et  ad  Orientem  profectus  Parthis  bellum 
intulit,  qui  iam  moliebantur  erumpere.  Quod  quidem  feli- 
citer gessit  proeliisque  ingentibus  Persas  adfiixit.  Rediens 
baud  longe  a  Eomanis  finibus  interfectus  est  fraude  Plii- 

20  lippT,  qui  post  eum  imperavit.  Miles  el  tumulum  vicesimo 
mlliario  a  Circesio,  quod  castrum  nunc  Bomanorum  est 
Euphratae  inminens,  aedificavit,  exsequias  Romam  revexit, 
ipsum  Divum  appellavit. 

1  H.  384,  4  ;  M.  208  ;  A.  &  G.  235,  a  ;  G.  350,  1  ;  B.  188,  1. 


84  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Philip  Emperor,  244-249  a.d. 

3.  Philippi  duo,  fllius  ac  x^ater,  Gordiano  occiso  imperium 
invaseruiit  atque  exercitti  incolumi  reducto  ad  Italiam  ex 
Syria  profecti  sunt.  His  iraperantibus  mlllesimus  annus 
Romae  urbis  ingenti  ludorum  apparatti  spectaculorumque 

5  celebratus  est.  Ambo  delude  ab  exercitti  interfecti  sunt, 
senior  Philii^pus  Veronae,  Romae  itinior.  Annis  quinque 
imperaverunt ;  inter  Divos  tanien  relati  sunt. 

Melius  Decius  Emperor,  249-251  a.d. 

4.  Post  hos  Decius  e  Pannonia  Inferiore  Budaliae  natus 
imperium  stimpsit.     Bellum  civile,  quod  in  Gallia  motum 

10  fuerat,  oppressit.  Fllium  suum  Caesarem  fecit.  Romae 
lavacrum  aedificavit.  Cum  imperassent  biennio  ipse  et 
fllius,  uterque  in  Barbarico  interfecti  sunt.  Senior  meruit 
inter  Divos  referri. 

Gallus  Hostilianus  and  Vohisianus  Emperors,  251-253  a.d. 

5.  Mox  imperatores  creati  sunt  Gallus  Hostilianus  et  Galll 
15  fllius  Volusianus.     Sub  Ins  Aemilianus  in  Moesia  res  novas 

molltus  est;  ad  quem  opprimendum  cum  ambo  profecti 
essent,  Interamnae  interfecti  sunt  non  complete  biennio. 
Nihil  omnino  clarum  gesserunt.  Sola  pestilential  et  morbis 
atque  aegrittidinibus  notus  eorum  principatus  fuit. 
20  6.  Aemilianus  obscurissimg  natus  obscurius  imperSvit  ac 
tertio  mgnse  exstinctus  est. 

Aemilianus  Emperor,  253  a.d.     Valerianus  Emperor, 

253-260  A.D. 
7.    Hinc  Licinius  Valerianus  in  Raetia  et  Norico  agens  ab 
exercitu  imperator  et  mox  Augustus  est  f actus.     Gallienus 
1  H.  410:  M.  254  :  A.  &  G.  245 :  G.  408  ;  B.  21P. 


LIHEK    rX.  85 

quoque  Romae  a  senatil  Caesar  est  appellatus.  Horum  im- 
perium  Eomano  nomini  perniciosum  et  paene  exitiabile  fiiit 
vel  mfellcitate  principum  vel  ignavia.  Gerinani  Eavennam 
iisque  venerunt.  Valerianus  in  Mesopotamia  bellum  gerens 
5  a  Sapore,  Persarum  rege,  superatus  est,  mox  etiam  captus 
apud  Parthos  ignobili  servittite  consenuit. 

Gallienus  Emperor,  260-268  a.d. 

8.  Gallienus  cum  adulescens  factus  esset  Augustus,  impe- 
rium  primum  feliciter,  mox  commode,  ad  ultimum  perniciose 
ges^t.     Nam  iuvenis  in  Gallia  et  Illyrico  multa  strenue 

10  fecit  occiso  apud  Mursam  Ingenuo,  qui  purpuram  stimpse- 
rat,  et  Trebelliano.  Diu  placidus  et  quietus,  mox  in  omnem 
lasciviam  dissolutus,  tenendae  rei  publicae  habenas  pro- 
brosa  ignavia  et  desperatione  laxavit.  Alamanni  vastatis 
Galliis  in  Ttaliam  penetraverunt.  •  Dacia,  quae  a  Traiano 

1')  ultra  Danuvium  fuerat  adiecta,  turn  amissa,  Graecia,  Mace- 
donia, Pontus,  Asia  vastata  est  per  Gothos,  Pannonia  a 
SarmatTs  Quadisque  populata  est,  German!  usque  ad  Hi- 
spanias  penetraverunt  et  civitatem  nobilem  Tarraconem  ex- 
pugnaverunt,   Parthi    Mesopotamia   occupata   Syriam   sibi 

20  coeperant  vindicare. 

9.  lam  desperatis  rebus  et  deleto  paene  imperio  Romano 
Postumus  in  Gallia,  obscurissime  natus,  purpuram  sumpsit 
et  per  annos  decern  ita  imperavit  ut  constimptas  paene  prd- 
vincias   ingenti   virtute   et   moderatione   reparaverit.      Qui 

25  seditione  mllitum  interfectus  est,  quod  Mogontiacum  civita- 
tem, quae  adversus  eum  rebellaverat  Laeliano  res  novas 
moliente,  dlripiendani^  militibus  tradere  noluisset.  Post 
eum  Marius,  vllissimus  opifex,  purpuram  accepit  et  secando 

1  H.  544,  2,  X.  2  ;  M.  295,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  294,  d;  G.  430 ;  B.  337,  7,  h,  2). 


86  "  EUTROPl  BREVIARII 

die  interfectus  est.  Victorinus  postea  Galliarum  accepit 
imperium,  vir  strenuissimus,  sed  cum  nimiae  libidinis  ^  esset 
et  matrimonia  aliena  corruinperet,  Agrippmae  occisus  est 
actuario  quodani  dolum  machinante,  imperii  sui  anno 
5  secundo. 

10.  Huic  siiccessit  Tetricus  senator,  qui  Aquitaniam  lion  ore 
praesidis  administrans  absens  a  mllitibus  imperator  electus 
est  et  apud  Burdigalam  purpuram  sumpsit.  Seditiones 
multas  militum  pertulit.     Sed  dum  haec  in  Gallia  geruntur, 

10  in  Oriente  per  Odenathum  Persae  victi  sunt.  Defensa 
Syria,  recepta  Mesopotamia  usque  ad  Ctesij)hoiitem  Odena- 
thus  penetravit. 

Claudius  Emperor,  268-270  a.d. 

11.  Ita  Gallieno  rem  publicam  deserente  Romanum  impe- 
rium in  Occidente  per  Postumum,  per  OdeiiS,tlium  in  Oriente 

15  servatum  est.  Gallienus  interea  Mediolani  cum  Valeriano 
fratre  occisus  est  imperii  auno  nono,  Claudiusque  el  suc- 
cessit  a  mllitibus  electus,  a  senatii  appellatus  Augustus.  Hic 
Gothos  Illyricum  Macedoniamque  vastantes  ingenti  proelio 
vicit.    Parens  vir  ac  modestus  et  iilsti^  tenax  ac  rel  piiblicae 

20  gerendae  idoneus,  qui  tamen  intra  imperil  biennium  morbo 
interiit.  Divus  appellatus  est.  Senatus  eum  ingenti  honore 
decoravit,  scilicet  ut  in  curia  clipeus  ipsi  aureus,  item  in 
Capitolio  statua  aurea  poneretur. 

Qaintillus  Emperor,  270  a.d. 

12.  Quintillus  post  eum,  Claudi  frater,  consensu  militum 
25  imperator  el6ctus  est,  unicae  moderationis  ^  vir  et  civllitatis, 

1  H.  396,  V  ;  M.  222  ;  A.  &  G.  215  ;  G.  365 ;  B.  203,  1. 

2  H.  399,  II ;  M.  226,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  218,  6  ;  G.  375 ;  B.  204,  1. 


LIBER  IX.  87 

aequandus  fratrl  vel  praeponendus.   Consensu  senatus  appel- 
latus  Augustus  septimo  decimo  die  imperii  occisus  est. 

Aurelian  Emperor,  270-275  a.d. 

13.  Post  eum  Aurelianus  suscepit  imperium,  Dacia  Ripensi 
oriunduSj  vir  in  bello  potens,  animi  tamen  immodicT  et  ad 

5  crudelitatem  propensioris.  Is  quoque  Gothos  strenuissime 
vieit.  Eomanam  dicioneni  ad  fines  pristinos  varia  bellorum 
felicitate  revocavit.  Superavit  in  Gallia  Tetricum  apud 
Catalaimos  ipso  Tetrico  prodente  exercitum  suum,  cuius 
adsiduas  seditiones  ferre  non  poterat.     Quin  etiam  per  lit- 

10  teras  occultas  Aurelianum  ita  fuerat  deprecatus  ut  inter 
alia  versti^  Vergiliano  uteretur:  ^Eripe  me  his,  invicte, 
malls.'  Zenobiam  quoque,  quae  occiso  Odenatho  marito 
Orientem  tenebat,  baud  longe  ab  Antiochia  sine  gravi 
proelio    cepit,   ingressusque    Romam    nobilem    triumphum 

15  quasi  receptor  Orientis  Occidentisque  egit  praecedentibus 
currum  Tetrico  et  Zenobia.  Qui  quidem  Tetricus  corrector 
Lucaniae  postea  fuit  ac  privatus  diutissime  vixit ;  Zenobia 
autem  posteros,  qui  adhuc  manent,  Romae  reliquit. 

14.  Hoc  imperante  etiam  in  urbe  monetaril  rebellaverunt 
20  vitiatTs  pecimiis  et  Felicissimo  rational!  interfecto.     Quos 

Aurelianus  victos  ultima  crudelitate  compescuit.  Pltirimos 
nobiles  capite  ^  damnavit.  Saevus  et  sanguinarius  ac  neces- 
sarius  magis  in  quibusdam  quam  in  uUo  amabilis  imperator. 
Trux  omni  tempore,  etiam  f ilii  sororis  interfector,  disciplinae 
25  tamen -militaris  et  morum  dissolutorum  magna  ex  parte  cor- 
rector. 

15.  Urbem  Romam  mtiris  flrmioribus  cinxit.     Tempi um 

1  H.  421,  I ;  M.  253  ;  A.  &  G.  249 ;  G.  407  ;  B.  218,  1. 

2  H.  410,  III ;  M.  251  ;  A.  &  G.  220,  6,  1 ;  G.  404  ;  B.  208,  2,  h, 


88  EUTROPl   BREVIARII 

Soli  aedificavit,  in  quo  infinitum  auri  gemmarumque  cOnsti- 
tuit.  Provinciam  Daciam,  quam  Traianus  ultra  Danuvium 
fecerat,  intermisit,  vastato  omni  Illyrico  et  Moesia  despe- 
rans  earn  posse  retinei%  abductosque  Romanos  ex  urbibus  et 

5  agris  Daciae  in  media  Moesia  conlocavit  appellavitque  eam 
Daciam,  quae  nunc  duas  Moesias  dividit  et  est  in  dextrg 
Danuvio  in  mare  flueiiti,  cum  antea  f  uerit  in  laeva.  Occidi- 
tur  servi  sui  fraude,  qui  ad  quosdam  mllitares  viros,  amicos 
ipsius,  nomina  pertulit  adnotata  falso  manum  eius  imitatus, 

10  tamquam  Aurelianus  ipsos  pararet  occidere ;  itaque  ut  prae- 
venlretur,  ab  Isdem  interfectus  est  in  itineris  medio,  quod 
inter  Constantmopolim  et  Heracleam  est  stratae  veteris; 
locus  Caenophrurium  appellatur.  Mors  tamen  eius  inulta 
non  fuit.     Meruit  quoque  inter  Divos  referrl. 

Tacitus  Emperor,  275-276  a.d. 

15  16.  Tacitus  post  hunc  suscepit  imperiuin,  vir  6gregi6  mora^ 
tus  et  rei  ptiblicae  gerendae  idoneus.  Nihil  tamen  clarum 
potuit  ostendere  intra  sextum  mensem  imperii  morte  prae- 
ventus.  Florianus,  qui  Tacito  successerat,  duobus  mensibus 
et  diebus  xx  in  imperio  fuit  neque  quicquam  dlgnum  me- 

20  moria  ^git. 

Probus  Emperor,  276-282  a.d. 

17.  Post  hunc  Probus,  vir  inliistris  gloria  militari,  ad 
administrationem  rei  publicae  accessit.  Gallias  a  barbaris 
occupatas  ingenti  proeliorum  felicitate  restituit.  Quosdam 
imperium  iisurpare  conatos,  scilicet  Saturninum  in  Oriente, 
25  Proculum  et  Bonosum  Agripplnae,  certaminibus  oppressit. 
Vineas  Gallos  et  Pannonios  habere  permisit,  opere  militari 
Almam  monteiu  apud  Sirmium  et  Aureum  apud  Moesiam 
superiorem  vlnels  conseruit  et  provincialibus  colendos  dedit. 


LIBER  IX.  ^  89 

Hie  cum  bella  mnumera  gessisset,  pace  parata  dixit  brevi 
mllites  necessaries  noa  futures.  Yir  acer,  strenuus,  iustus 
et  qui  Aurelianum  aequaret  gloria  militari,  morum  autein 
civilitate  superaret.  Interfectus  tamen  est  Sirmi  tumultu 
5  militari  in  turri  ferrata. 

Cams  Emperor,  282-283  a.d.     Cams  and  JSFumerianus 
Emperors,  283-284  a.d. 

18.  Post  hunc  Carus  est  factus  Augustus,  Narbone  natus 
in  Gallia.  Is  confestim  Carinum  et  Numerianum  filios  Cae- 
sares  fecit.  Sed  dum  bellum  adversus  Sarmatas  gerit,  nim- 
tiato  Persaruni  tumultu  ad  Orientem  profectus  res  contra 

10  Persas  nobiles  gessit.  Ipsos  proelio  fudit,  Cochen  et  Cte- 
sipbontem,  urbes  nobilissimas,  cepit.  l5t  cum  castra  supra 
Tigridem  haberet,  vi  divini  fulminis  periit.  Numerianus 
quoque,  filius  eius,  quem  secum  Caesarem  ad  Persas  dtixe- 
rat,  adulescens  egregiae  indolis,  cum  oculorum  dolore  corre- 

15  ptus  in  lecticula  veheretur,  impulsore  Apro,  qui  socer  eius 
erat,  per  insidias  occisus  est.  Et  cum  dolo  occultaretur 
ipsius  mors,  quousque  Aper  invadere  posset  imperium,  f  etore 
cadaveris  prodita  est.  Milites  enim,  qui  eum  sequebantur, 
putore  commoti  deductis  lecticulae  palliis  post  aliquot  dies 

20  mortem  eius  notam  habere  potuerunt. 

Diocletian  Emperor,  284-305  a.d. 

19.  Interea  Carinus,  quem  Caesarem  ad  Partbos  proficiscens 
Carus  in  Illyrico,  Gallia,  Italia  reliquerat,  omnibus  se  scele- 
ribus  inquinavit.  Plurimos  innoxios  fictis  criminibus  occi- 
dit,  matrimonia  nobilia  corriipit,  condiscif)ulis  ^  quoque,  qui 

25  eum  in  auditorio  vel  levi  fatigatione  taxaverant,  perniciosus 

1  H.  391,  I ;  M.  214  ;  A.  &  G.  234,  a  ;  G.  359 ;  B.  192,  1. 


90  EUTROPI  BREVIARIl 

fuit.  Ob  quae  omnibus  hominibus  invisus  non  raulto  post 
poenas  dedit.  Nam  de  Perside  victor  exercitus  rediens, 
cum  Carum  Augustum  fulmine,  Numerianum  Caesarem  in- 
sidils  perdidisset,  Diocletiauum  imperatorem  creavit,  Dal- 
5  matia  oriundum,  virum  obscurissime  natum,  adeo  ut  a 
plerisque  scribae  filius,  a  nonnullis  AnullTni  senatoris  liber- 
tinus  fuisse  credatur. 

20.  Is  prima  mllitum  contione  itiravit  Numerianum  nullo 
suo  dolo  interfectum,  et  cum  iuxta  eum  Aper,  qui  Numeriano 

10  msidias  fecerat,  constitisset,  in  conspectii  exercitus  manfi 
DiocletianI  percussus  est.  Postea  Carinum  omnium  odio  et 
detestatione  viventem  apud  Margum  iiigenti  proelio  vicit, 
proditum  ab  exercitu  suo,  quem  fortiorem  habebat,  aut  certe 
desertum,  inter  Viminacium   atque  Aureum  montem.     Ita 

15  rerum^  Komanarum  potitus  cum  tumult um  rusticani  in 
Gallia  concitassent  et  factioni  suae  Bacaudarum  nomen 
imponerent,  duces  autem  haberent  Amandum  et  Aelianum, 
ad  subigendos  eos  Maximianum  Herculium  Caesarem  mi- 
sit,  qui  levibus  proelils  agrestes  domuit  et  pacem  Galliae 

20  reformavit. 

21.  Per  haec  tempora  etiam  Carausius  qui  vllissime  natus 
strenuae  militiae  ordine  famam  ggregiam  fuerat  consecu- 
tus,  cum  apud  Boiioniam  per  tractum  Belgicae  et  ArmoricI 
pacandum  mare  accepisset,  quod  Fraud  et  Saxones  Infesta- 

25  bant.  Multls  barbarls  saepe  captis  nee  praeda  Integra  aut 
provincialibus  reddita  aut  imperatoribus  missa  cum  suspi- 
cio  esse  coepisset  consulto  ab  eo  admitti  barbaros,  ut  transe- 
untes  cum  praeda  exciperet  atque  hac  se  occasione  ditaret, 
a  Maximiano  iussus  occldi  purpuram  sumpsit  et  Britanaias 

30  occupavit. 

I  11.  410,  V.  .3  ;  M.  231 ;  A.  &  G,  223,  a  ;  G.  407,  n,  2,  (rf)  ;  3-  212,  2, 


LIBER  IX.  91 

Diocletian    makes    Maximianus    Herculius    Augustus,    Con- 
stantius  and  Maximianus  Caesars. 

22.  Ita  cum  per  omnem  orbem  terrarum  res  turbatae  es- 
sent,  Carausius  in  Britanniis  rebellaret,  Achilleus  in  Aegypto, 
African!  Quinquegentianl  infestarent,  Narseus  OrientI 
bellum  inferret,  Diocletianiis   Maximianum  Herculium  ex 

5  Caesare  fecit  Augustum,  Constantium  et  Maximianum 
Caesares,  quorum  Constantius  j^er  filiam  nepos  Claud!  tra- 
ditur,  Maximianus  Galerius  in  Dacia  baud  longe  a  Serdica 
natus.  Atque  ut  eos  etiam  adfinitate  coniungeret,  Con- 
stantius  privlgnam   Herculi   Theodoram    accepit,   ex    qua 

10  postea  sex  llberos,  Constantini  fratres,  habuit,  Galerius 
filiam  DiocletianI  Valeriam,  ambo  uxores  quas  habuerant 
repudiare  compulsi.  Cum  Carausio  tamen,  cum  bella  fru- 
stra  temptata  essent  contra  virum  rei^  mllitaris  peritissi- 
mum,  ad  postremum  pax  convenit.     Eum  post  septennium 

15  Allectus,  socius  eius,  occidit,  atque  ipse  post  eum  Britannias 
triennio  tenuit.  Qui  ductii  Asclepiodoti,  praefecti  praetorio, 
oppressus  est.     Ita  Britanniae  decimo  anno  receptae. 

23.  Per  idem  tempus  a  Constantio  Caesare  in  Gallia  bene 
piignatum  est.     Circa  Lingonas  die  una  adversam  et  secun- 

20  dam  fortunam  expertus  est.  Nam  cum  repente  barbaris  in- 
gruentibus  intra  civitatem  esset  coactus  tam  praecipiti  neces- 
sitate ut  clausis  portis  in  murum  funibus  tolleretur,  vix 
quinque  horls  mediis  adventante  exercitu  sexaginta  fere 
milia  Alamannorum  cecidit.     Maximianus  quoque  Augustus 

25  bellum  in  Africa  profligavit  domitis  Quinquegentianis  et 
ad  pacem  redactis.  Diocletianus  obsessum  Alexandriae 
Achilleum  octavo  fere  mense  superavit  eumque  interfecit. 
Victoria   acerbe   usus  est;  totam  Aegyptum  gravibus  pro- 

1  H.  399,  2  ;  M.  226,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  218,  a  ;  G.  374  ;  B.  204,  1. 


92  EUTROPl   BREVIARII 

scriptionibus  caedibusque  foedavit.  Ea  tamen  occasione 
ordinavit  provide  multa  et  disposuit,  quae  ad  nostram  aeta- 
tem  manent. 

24.  Galerius  Maximianus  primum  adversus  Narseum  proe- 
5  Hum  msecundum  habuit  inter  Callinicum  Carrasque  con- 

gressus,  cum  inconsulte  magis  quam  ignave  dimicasset; 
admodum  enim  parva  manu  cum  copiosissimo  hoste  com- 
misit. 

25.  Pulsus  igitur  et  ad  Diocletianum  profectus  cum  el 
10  in  itinere  occurrisset,  tanta  msolentia  a  Diocletiano  fertur 

exceptus  ut  per  aliquot  passuum  milia  purpuratus  tradatur 
ad  vehiculum  cucurrisse ;  mox  tamen  per  Illyricum  Moesi- 
amque  contractls  copiis  rursus  cum  Narseo,  Hormisdae  et 
Saporis  avo,  in  Armenia  Maiore  pugnavit  successti  ingenti 

15  nee  minore  consilio,  simul  fortitudine,  quippe  qui  etiam 
speculatoris  munus  cum  altero  aut  tertio  equite  susc6perit.^ 
Pulso  Narseo  castra  eius  diripuit ;  uxores,  sorores,  liberos 
cepit,  Infinitam  extrinsecus  Persariim  nobilitatem,  gazam 
Persicam  copiosissimam.    Ipsum  in  ultimas  r6gni  solitudines 

20  egit.  Quare  a  Diocletiano  in  Mesopotamia  cum  praesidiis 
tum  morante  ovans  regressus  ingenti  honore  susceptus  est. 
Varia  deinceps  et  simul  et  virltim  bella  gesserunt  CarpTs  et 
Basternis  subactis,  SarmatTs  victis,  quarum  nationum  in- 
gentes  captivorum  copias  in  RomanTs  finibus  locaverunt. 

Diodetku}  ahrh'cates,  305  a.d. 

^ij  26.  Diocletianus  moratus  callidg  fuit,  sagax  praeterea  et 
admodum  subtilis  ingenil,  et  qui  severitatem  suam  aliena 
invidia  vellet  explere.  Dlligentissimus  tamen  et  soller- 
tissimus   princeps   et  qui    imperio  Romano  primus  regiae 

1  H.  517,  3,  1)  ;  M.  382,  2  x. ;  A.  &  G.  320,  c  ;  G.  033  ;  B.  283,  3. 


LIBER   IX.  98 

consiietudinis  formam  magis  quam  Romanae  libertatis  iii- 
vexerit  ^  adorarique  se  iusserit/  cum  ante  eum  cuncti  salti- 
tarentur.  Ornamenta  gemmarum  vestibus  calciainentlsque 
indidit.  Nam  prius  imperil  inslgne  in  chlamyde  purpurea 
5  tantum  erat,  reliqua  communia. 

27.  Herculius  autem  propalam  ferus  et  incivllis  ingenii, 
asperitatem  suam  etiam  vultiis  liorrore  significans.  Hic 
naturae  suae  indulgens  Diocletiano  in  omnibus  est  severio- 
ribus  consiliis  obsecutus.      Cum  tamen  ingravescente  aevo 

10  parum  se  idoneum  Dioeletianus  moderando  imperio  esse 
sentlret,  auctor  Herculio  fuit  ut  in  vitam  privatam  con- 
cederent  et  stationera  tuendae  rei  publicae  viridioribus 
itinioribusque  mandarent.  Cui  aegre  conlega  obtempera- 
vit.     Tamen  uterque  uno  die  privato  habitu  imperii  insTgne 

15  miitavit,  Nicomediae  Dioeletianus,  Herculius  MediolanI, 
post  triumplium  inclutum,  quern  E,omae  ex  numerosis 
gentibus  egerant,  pompa  ferculorum  inltistrl,  qua  Narsei 
coniuges  sororesque  et  llberl  ante  currum  ducti  sunt.  Con- 
cesserunt  tamen  Salonas  unus,  alter  in  Lucaniam. 

20  28.  Dioeletianus  privatus  in  villa,  quae  baud  procul  a 
Salonis  est,  praeclaro  otio  consenuit,  intisitata  virtute  usus, 
ut  solus  omnium  post  conditum  Eomanum  imperium  ex 
tanto  fastigio  sponte  ad  privatae  vitae  statum  civllitatemque 
remearet.    Contigit  igitur  el,  quod  nulll  post  natos  homines, 

2.">  ut  cum  privatus  obisset,^  inter  Divos  tamen  referretur. 

1  H.  503,  I ;  M.  383,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  320  ;  G.  631,  2  ;  B.  283,  2. 

2  H.  515,  III ;  M.  378,  6  ;  A.  &  G.  313,  d ;  G.  587  ;  B.  309,  3. 


94  EUTROPI  BREV  lARII 


LIBER   DECIMUS 


From  the  Abdication  of  Diocletiax  to  the  Death 
OF  Jovian,  305-364  a.d. 


Constantius  I  and  Galerius  Emperors,  305-306  a.d. 

1.  His  igitur  abeuntibus  administratione  rei  ptiblicae  Con- 
stantius et  Galerius  August!  creati  sunt  divisusque  inter 
eos  ita  Romanus  orbis,  ut  Galliam,  Italiam,  Africam  Con- 
stantius,  Illyricum,   Asiam,  Orientem    Galerius   obtineret, 

5  sumptis  duobus  Caesaribus.  Constantius  tamen  contentus 
dignitate^  August!'  Italiae  atque  Africae  administrandae 
sollicitudinem  recusavit,  vir  egregius  et  praestantissimae 
c!vilitatis,  d!viti!s  provincialium  ac  privatorum  studens, 
fisc!   commoda  non  admodum  adfectans,  d!censque   melius 

10  ptiblicas  opes  a  pr!vat!s  haber!  quam  intra  iinum  claustrum 
reservari,  adeo  autem  culttis  raodici  ut  festis  diebus,  si 
am!c!s  numerosioribus  esset  epulandum,  piuvatorum  ei 
argento  ostiatim  pet!to  tr!cl!nia  sternerentur.  Hic  non 
modo  amabilis,  sed  etiam  venerabilis  Gall!s  fuit,  praecipu6 

15  quod  Diocletian!  suspectam  prudentiam  et  Maximian!  saii- 
guinariam  temeritalem  imperio  eius  ^vaserant.  Obiit  in 
Britannia  Eborac!  principatus  anno  tertio  decimo  atque 
inter  Divos  relatus  est. 

Constantine  Emperor,  306-307  a.d. 

2.  Galerius,  vir  et  prob6  moratus  et  egregius  rS  m!litari, 
20  cum    Italiam    quoque   sinente   Constantio   administration! 

suae  accessisse  sentiret,  CaesarSs  duos  creavit,  Maxim!num, 
quern  Orient!  praefecit,  et  Severum,  cu!  Italiam  dedit.    Ipse 

1  H.  421,  III ;  M.  247,  n.  1 ;  A.  &  G.  254,  ft,  2  ;  G.  401,  s.  6  ;  B.  219, 1. 


LIBER  X.  95 

in  iUyrico  moratus  est.  Verum  Constantio  mortuo  Con- 
stantinus,  ex  obsciiriore  matrimoiiio  eius  films,  in  Britannia 
creatus  est  imperator  et  in  locum  patris  exoptatissimus 
moderator  accessit.  Komae  interea  praetoriani  excito  tu- 
5  multu  Maxentium,  Herculi  fllium,  qui  baud  procul  ab  urbe 
in  villa  publica  morabatur,  Augustuni  nuncupaverunt.  Quo 
nuntio  Maximianus  Herculius  ad  spem  adrectus  resumendl 
fastlgil  quod  invitus  amiserat,  Romam  advolavit  e  Lucania, 
quam  sedem  privatus  elegerat  in  agrls  amoenissimis  con- 

10  seuescens,  Diocletianumque  etiam  per  litteras  adhortatus 
est  ut  depositam  resumeret  potestatem,  quas  ille  inrlsas 
liabuit.  Sed  adversum  motum  praetorianorum  atque  Ma- 
xentl  Severus  Caesar  Romam  missus  a  Galerio  cum  exercitu 
venit  obsidensque  urbem  militum  suorum  scelere  desertus 

15  est.  Auctae  MaxentI  opes  confirmatumque  imperium.  Se- 
verus fugiens  Eavennae  interfectus  est. 

3.  Herculius  tamen  Maximianus  post  haec  in  contione 
exercitus  fllium  Maxentium  nudare  conatus  seditioneiii  et 
convlcia  militum  tul  it.     Inde  ad  Gal  lias  profectus  est  dolo 

20  composito,  tamquam  a  filio  esset  expulsus/  ut  Constantino 
genero  iungeretur,  moliens  tamen  Constantinum  reperta 
occasione  interficere,  qui  in  Gallils  et  militum  et  provin- 
cialium  ingenti  iam  favore  regnabat  caesis  Francis  atque 
Alamanuls   captlsque   eorum    regibus,    quos   etiam   bestils, 

25  cum  magnificum  spectaculum  muneris  parasset,  obiecit. 
Detectis  igitur  Insidils  per  Faustam  flliam,  quae  dolum 
viro  nuntiaverat,  profilgit  Herculius  Massiliaeque  oppressus 
(ex  ea  enim  uavigare  ad  fllium  praeparabat)  poenas  dedit 
iustissimo  exitu,  vir  ad   omnem  acerbitatem   saevitiamque 

30  procllvis,  Infldus,  incommodus,  civllitatis  penitus  expers. 

1  H.  513,  II ;  M.  375 ;  A.  &  G.  312  ;  G.  602  ;  B.  307,  1. 


96  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

Licinius  Einperory  307-^24  a.d. 

4.  Per  hoc  tempus  a  Galerio  Licinius  imperator  est  factus, 
Dacia  oriundus,  notus  el  antiqua  consugtudine  et  in  bello, 
quod  adversus  Narseum  gesserat,  strenuis  laboribus  et  offi- 
ciTs  acceptus.  Mors  Galerl  confestim  secuta.  Ita  res 
5  publica  turn  a  novis  quattuor  imperatOribus  tenebatur,  Con- 
stantino et  ^laxentio,  flliis  Augustonnn,  Licinio  et  Maxi- 
mlno,  novis  hominibus.  QuTnto  tamen  Constantinus  imperii 
sul  anno  bellum  adversum  Maxentiuni  civile  commovit, 
copias  eius  multis  proeliis  fudit,  ipsum  postremo  Romae 
10  adversum  nobiles  omnibus  exitiis  saevientem  apud  pontem 
Mulvium  vicit  Italiaque  est  potltus.  Non  multo  ^  deinceps 
in  Oriente  quoque  adversum  Licinium  Maximinus  res  novas 
molltus  vTcInum  exitium  fortulta  apud  Tarsum  inorte  prae- 
venit. 

Constantine  the  Great  sole  Ruler,  324-337  a.d. 

15  5.  Constantinus  tamen,  vir  ingens  et  omnia  efficere  nitens 
quae  animo  praeparasset,^  simul  principatum  totius  orbis 
adfectans,  Licinio  bellum  intulit,  quamquam  necessitudo 
et  adfinitas  cum  eo  esset;  nam  soror  Constantia  nupta 
Licinio  erat.     Ac  primo  eum  in  Pannonia  Secunda  ingenti 

20  apparatti  bellum  apud  Cibalas  instruentem  repentinus  op- 
pressit  omnique  Dardania,  Moesia,  Macedonia  potltus  nu- 
merosas  provincias  occupavit. 

6.   Varia  deinceps  inter  eos  bella  gesta,  et  pax  reconciliata 
ruptaque  est.     Postremo  Licinius  navall  et  terrestri  proelio 

25  victus  apud  Nicomediam  se  dedidit  et  contra  religionem 
sacrament!  Thessalonicae  privatus  occisus  est.  Eo  tempore 
res  Rom  ana  sub  fmo  Augusto  et  tribus  Caesaribus,  quod 

1  H.  423 ;  M.  248  ;  A.  &  G.  250  ;  G.  403  ;  B.  223. 

2  H.  235 ;  M.  100,  1 ;  A.  &  G.  128,  a,  1 ;  G.  131,  1 ;  B.  116,  1. 


LIBER   X.  97 

iiumquam  alias,  fuit,  cum  liberT  Coiistaiitini  Galliae,  Orient! 
Italiaeque  praeessent.  Verum  msolentia  rerum  secundaruiu 
aliquantum  Constaiitinus  ex  ilia  favorabill  aiiimi  docilitate 
iiititavit.  Prim  urn  necessitiidines  perseciitus  egregium 
5  virum  f Ilium  et  sororis  f Ilium,  commodae  indolis  iuvenem, 
interfecit,  mox  uxorem,  post  iiumerosos  amicos. 

7.  Vir  primo  imperil  tempore  optimis  principibus,  ultimo 
medils  comparaiidus.  Innumerae  in  eo  animi  corporisque 
virtutes  claruerunt.     ^lilitaris  gloriae  appetentissimus,  for- 

10  tuna  in  bellls  prospera  fuit,  verum  ita  ut  non  superaret 
industriam.  Nam  etiam  Gotlios  i)0st  civile  bellum  varie 
profllgavit  pace  his  ad  postrenmm  datil,  ingentemqUe  apud 
barbaras  gentes  memoriae  grfitium  conlocavit.  Civllibus 
artibus  et  studils  llberalibus  deditus,  adfectator  iusti  amoris, 

15  quern  ab  omnibus  sibi  et  llberalitate  et  docilitate  quaeslvit, 
sicut  in  nonniillos  amicos  dubius,  ita  in  reliquos  egregius, 
nihil  occasionum  praetermittens,  quo  opulentiores  eos  cla- 
rioresque  praestaret. 

8.  Multas  leges  rogavit,  quasdam  ex  bono  et  aequo,  ple- 
20  rasque  superfluas,  nonnidlas  severas,  primusque  urbem  nomi- 

nis  sul  ad  tantum  fastlgium  evehere  molltus  est,  ut  Romae 
aemulam  faceret.  Bellum  adversus  Parthos  moliens,  qui 
iam  Mesopotamiam  fatlgabant,  iino  et  tricesimo  anno  im- 
peril, aetatis  sexto  et  sexagesimo,  Nicomediae  in  villa 
25  ptiblica  obiit.  Denuntiata  mors  eius  est  etiam  per  crinltam 
stellam,  quae  intisitatae  magnitudinis  aliquamdiu  fulsit ; 
eam  Graecl  cometen  vocant.  Atque  inter  Divos  meruit 
referrl. 

The  Sons  of  Constantine  rule,  337-360  a.d. 

9.  Is  successores  fllios  tres  reliquit  atque  unum  fratris 
30  fllium.     Verum  Dalmatius  Caesar  prosperrima  indole  neque 

HAZ.   KUTROPIUS 7 


98  EUTROPI   BKEVIARIl 

patriKj  absiniilis  hand  miilto  post  oppressus  est  factioiie 
militari  et  Constantio,  patrueli  siio,  siiiente  potius  quam 
iubente.  Constantlniim  porro  bellum  fratri  Inferentem  et 
apud  Aquileiam  inconsultius  proelium  aggressum  Constau- 
5  tis  duces  interemerimt.  Ita  res  publica  ad  duos  Augustos 
redacta.  Constantis  imperium  strenuum  aliquamdiil  et 
iustiim  fuit.  Mox  cum  et  valetudine  improspera  et  amicTs 
pravioribus  uteretur,  ad  gravia  vitia  conversus,  cum  intole- 
rabilis  proviiicialibus,  mlliti  iniucundus  esset,  factione  Ma- 

]0  gnenti  occlsus  est.  Obiit  hand  longe  ab  HispaniTs  in  castro, 
cni  Helenae^  nomen  est,  anno  imperii  septimo  decimo,  aeta- 
tis  trlcesimo,  rebus  tamen  plurimis  strenue  in  militia  gestis 
exercitulque  per  omiie  vitae  tempus  sine  gravi  crudelitate 
terribilis. 

15  10.  Diversa  Constant!  fortuna  fuit.  A  Persis  enim  multa 
et  gravia  perpessus  saepe  captis  oppidls,  obsessTs  urbibus, 
caesis  exercitibus,  niillumque  el  contra  Saporem  prosperum 
proelium  fuit,  nisi  quod  apud  Singara  hand  dubiam  victo- 
riam  ferocia  militum  amisit,  qui  pfignam  seditiose  et  stolide 

20  contra  rationem  belli  die  iam  praecipiti  poposcerunt.  Post 
Constantis  necem  Magnentio  Italiam,  Africam,  Gallias  obti- 
nente  etiam  Illyricum  res  novas  habuit,  Vetranione  ad  im- 
perium consensu  militum  electo.  Quem  grandaevum  iam 
et  cunctis  amabilem  diuturnitate  et  felicitate  mllitiae   ad 

25  tuendum  Illyricum  principem  creaverunt,  viruni  probum  et 

morum  veterum  ac  iucundae  civllitatis,  sed  omnium  llbera- 

lium  artium  expertem  adeo  ut  ne  elementa  quidem  prima 

litterarum  nisi  grandaevus  et  iam  imperator  acceperit. 

11.   Sed  a  Constantio,  qui  ad  ultionem  fraternae  necis  bel- 

30  lum  civile  commoverat,  abrogatum  est  Vetranioni  imperium ; 

1  H.  387,  N.  1  ;  M.  212,  n.  2  ;  A.  &  G.  231,  b  ;  G.  349,  r.  6 ;  B.  190, 1. 


LIBER  X.  99 

novo  inusitatoque  more  consensu  militum  deponere  insigne 
compulsus.  Romae  quoque  tumultus  fuit  Nepotiano,  Con- 
stantml  sororis  filio,  per  gladiatoriam  manum  imperiuni 
vlndicante,  qui  saevis  exordiis  ^  dlgnuni  exitum  nactus  est. 
5  Vicesimo  enim  atque  octavo  die  a  Magnentianis  ducibus 
oppressus  poenas  dedit.  Caput  eius  pllo  per  urbem  circum- 
latum  est,  gravissimaeque  proscrlptiones  et  nobilium  caedes 
fuerunt. 

12.  Non  multo  post  Magnentius  apud  Mursam  proiiigatus 
10  acie  est  ac  paene  captus.     Ingentes  Roman!  imperii  vires  ea 

dimicatione  constimptae  sunt,  ad  quaelibet  bella  externa 
idoneae,  quae  multum  triumphorum  possent  ^  securitatisque 
conferre.  OrientI  mox  a  Constantio  Caesar  est  datus  patrui 
filius  Gallus,  Magnentiusque  diversls  proeliis  victus  vim 
15  vitae  suae  apud  Lugdunuin  attulit  imperil  anno  tertio, 
mense  septimo,  frater  quoque  eius  Decentius  Senonibus, 
quem  ad  tuendas  Gallias  Caesarem  miserat. 

13.  Per  haec  tempora  etiam  a  Constantio  multls  incivlli- 
bus  gestis  Gallus  Caesar  occisus  est,  vir  natura  ferus  et  ad 

20  tyrrannidem  pronior,  si  suo  iiire  imperare  licuisset.^  Silva- 
nus  quoque  in  Gallia  res  novas  molltus  ante  diem  trlcesi- 
mum  exstinctus  est,  solusque  imperio  Romano  eo  tempore 
Constantius  princeps  et  Augustus  fuit. 

14.  Mox  lulianum  Caesarem  ad  Gallias  misit,  patruelem 
25  suum,    Galli   fratrem,   tradita   el   in   matrimonium   sorore, 

cum  multa  oppida  barbarl  exptignassent,  alia  obsiderent, 
ubique  foeda  vastitas  esset  Romanumque  imperium  noii 
dubia  iam  calamitate  nCitaret.  A  quo  modicls  copils  apud 
Argentoratum,  Galliae  urbem,  ingentes  Alamannorum  copiae 

1  H.  421,  III ;  M.  238,  2  ;  A.  &  G.  245,  «,  1  ;  G.  897,  n.  2  ;  B.  226,  2. 

2  H.  503,  II,  2  ;  M.  383,  1  ;  A.  &  G.  320 ;  G.  631,  2  ;  B.  282,  3, 

3  H.  510 ;  M.  366 ;  A.  &  G.  308  ;  G.  597  ;  B.  304,  1. 


100  EUTROPI   BREVIARII 

exstinctae  sunt,  rex  nobilissimus  captus,  Galliae  restittitae. 
Multa  postea  per  eundem  lulianum  egregie  adversum  bar- 
baros  gesta  sunt  summotlque  ultra  Rhenum  Germanl  et 
finibus  suis  Romanum  imperium  restitutum. 

Julian  Emperor,  360-363  a.d. 

5  15.  Neque  multo  post,  cum  Germaniciani  exercitus  a  Gallia- 
rum  praesidio  tollerentur,  consensu  niilitum  lulianus  f actus 
Augustus  est,  interiectoque  anno  ad  Illyricum  obtinendum 
profectus  Constantio  Parthicis  proeliis  occupato.  Qui  rebus 
cognitis  ad  bellum  civile  conversus  in  itinere  obiit   inter 

10  Ciliciam  Cappadociamque  anno  imperil  octavo  et  tricesimo, 
aetatis  quinto  et  quadragesimo,  meruitque  inter  Divos  re- 
ferrl,  vir  egregiae  tranquillitatis,  placidus,  nimium  amicis  ^ 
et  familiaribus  credens,  mox  etiam  uxoribus  deditior,  qui 
tamen  primis  imperil  annis  ingenti  se  modestia  egerit,  fami- 

15  liarium  etiam  lociipletator  neque  inhonores  sinens,  quorum 
laboriosa  expertus  fuisset  officia,  ad  severitatem  tamen  pro- 
l^ensior,  si  susplcio  imperil  moveretur,  mitis  alias,  et  cuius 
in  civilibus  magis  quam  in  externis  bellis  sit  laudanda 
fortuna. 

Eutropius  takes  part  in  the  Parthian  Expedition,  363  a.d. 

20  16.  Hinc  Iiilianus  rerum  potitus  est  ingentique  apparatu 
Parthls  intulit  bellum,  cui  expeditioni  ego  quoque  interfui. 
Aliquot  oppida  et  castella  Persarum  in  deditionem  accepit 
vel  VI  expugnavit  Assyriamque  populatus  castra  apud 
Ctesiphontem    statlva    aliquamdiu    liabuit.       Remeansque 

25  victor,  dum  se  inconsultius  proeliis  Inserit,  hostlli  manu 
interfectus  est  vi  Kal.  lul.,  imperil  anno  septimo,  aetatis 

1  H.  386,  II ;  M.  205;  A.  &  G.  227  ;  G.  340;  B.  187,  II,  a. 


LIBEK  X.  101 

altero  et  tricesimo  atque  inter  Divos  relatus  est,  vir  egregius 
et  rem  publicam  msigniter  luoderaturus,  si  per  fata  licuisset. 
Liberalibus  discipllnls  apprime  erudltus,  Graecis  doctior 
atque  adeo  ut  Latlna  erudltio  nequaquam  cum  Graeca 
5  scientia  conveniret,  facundia  ingenti  et  prompta,  memoriae 
tenacissimae,  in  quibusdam  philosoplio  proprior.  In  amicos 
llberalis,  sed  minus  dlligens  quam  tantum  principem  decuit. 
Fuerunt  enim  nonnulli  qui  vulnera  gloriae  eius  inferrent. 
In  provinciales  itistissimus  et  tribiitorum,  quatenus  fieri 
10  posset,  repressor.  Civil  is  in  cunctos,  mediocrem  liabens 
aeraril  curam,  gloriae  avidiis  ac  per  eam  animi  plerumque 
immodici,  religionis  Christianae  nimius  Insectator,  perinde 
tamen  ut  cruore  abstineret,  M.  Antonino  non  absimilis, 
quem  etiam  aemularl  studebat. 

Jovian  Emperor,  363-364  a.d. 

15  17.  Post  liunc  lovianus,  qui  tunc  domesticus  militabat, 
ad  obtinendum  imperium  consensu  exercittis  lectus  est,  com- 
mendatione  patris  mllitibus  quam  sua  notior.  Qui  iani  tur- 
batls  rebus  exercitu  quoque  inopia  laborante  uno  a  Persis 
atque  altero  proelio  victus  paceni  cum  Sapore,  necessarian! 

20  quidem,  sed  ignobilem,  fecit  multatus  flnibus^  ac  nonnulla 
imperil  RomanI  parte  tradita.  Quod  ante  eum  annis  mllle 
centum  et  duobus  de  viginti  fere,  ex  qu(3  lidmanum  impe- 
rium conditum  erat,  numquam  accldit.  Qiiln  etiam  legiones 
nostrae  ita  et  apud  Caudiuin  per  Pontium  Teleslnum  et  in 

25  Hispania  apud  Xumantiam  et  in  Numidia  sub  iugum  missae 
sunt,  ut  nihil  tamen  finium  traderetur.  Ea  pacis  condicio 
non  penitus  reprehendenda  foret,  si  foederis  necessitatem 
turn  cum  integrum  fuit  mutare  voluisset,  sicut  a  Romanis 

1  II.  410,  TIT  ;  M.  251  ;  A.  &  G.  220,  h,  1  ;  O.  404  ;  13.  225. 


102  EUTROPI  BREVIARII  LIBER  X. 

omnibus  his  bellis,  quae  commemoravl,  factum  est.  Nam 
et  Samnltibus  et  Numantlnis  et  Numidls  confestim  bella 
inlata  sunt  neque  pax  rata  fuit.  Sed  dum  aemulum  imperii 
veretur,  intra  Orientem  residens  gloriae  parum  consuluit. 

5  Itaque  iter  ingressus  atque  Illyricum  petens  in  Galatiae 
finibus  repentina  morte  obiit,  vir  alias  neque  iners  neque 
imprudens. 

18.    Multl  exanimatum  oplnantur  nimia  cruditate  (inter 
cenandum  enim  epulis  indulserat),  alii  odore  cubicull,  quod 

10  ex  recenti  tectorio  calcis  grave  quiescentibus  erat,  quidam 
nimietate  prunarum,  quas  gravl  frigore  adolerl  multas 
iusserat.  Decessit  imperil  mense  septimo,  tertio  decimo 
Kal.  Mart.,  aetatis  tertio  et  tricesimo  anno,  ac  benlgnitate 
principum   qui   el    success^runt    inter    Divos    relatus    est. 

1.5  Nam  et  clvllitati  propior  et  natilra  admodum  liberalis  fuit. 

Is  status  erat  Romanae  rel  loviano  eodem  et  Varroniano 

consulibus   anno    iirbis    conditae    millesimo    centesimo    et 

octavo  decimo.     Quia  autem  ad  inclutos  principes  veneran- 

dosque  perventum  est,  interim  operi  modura  dabimus.     Nam 

20  reliqua  stilo  maiore  dicenda  sunt.  Quae  nunc  non  tam 
praetermittimus,  quam  ad  maiorem  scrlbendl  dlligentiam 
reservamus. 


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BIBLIOGRAPHY 

The  following  books  have  been  referred  to  in  the  Notes.  While 
the  references  are  intended  principally  for  the  teacher,  every  student 
should  be  provided  with  a  copy  of  Creighton's  Primer  of  Roman 
History.  If  Eutropius  is  studied  in  connection  with  this  book,  the 
student  cannot  fail  to  obtain  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  main  facts  of 
Roman  History. 

Ancient     Rome    in    the    Light    of    Recent    Discoveries.       Rodolfo 

Lanciani. 
Early  Rome  (Epochs  of  History).     \V.  Ihne. 
Mommsen's  History   of  Rome,   Abridged   for  Schools  and  Colleges. 

C.  Bryans  and  F.  J.  R.  Hendy. 
Rome  and  Carthage  (Epochs  of  History).     R.  Bosworth  Smith. 
The  History  of  Rome  (History  Primer  Series).     M.  Creighton. 
The  Early  Empire  (Epochs  of  History).     AV.  W.  Capes. 
The  Roman  Triumvirates  (Epochs  of  History).     Charles  Merivale. 
The  Age  of  the  Antonines  (Epochs  of  History).      W.  W.  Capes. 
Myths  of  Greece  and  Rotiie.      H.  A.  Guerber. 
The  Story  of  the  Romans.     H.  A.  Guerber. 
The  Development  of  the  Roman  Constitution  (History  Primer  Series). 

Ambrose  Tighe. 

NOTE 

In  the  Notes  the  references  to  Harkness*  Grammar  occur  in  two 
forms,  the  first  referring  to  the  New  Latin  Grammar  (1898),  the 
second,  in  brackets,  to  the  Standard  Latin  CJ  ram  mar. 

104 


NOTES 


LIFE   OF   EUTROPIUS 

Of  the  life  of  Eutropius  we  know  very  little.  Only  once  in  his  work 
does  he  mention  himself,  Bk.  X,  Ch.  16.  He  was  proconsul  in  Asia  in 
371  A.D.,  and  praetorian  praefect  380-387  a.d.  He  is  said  to  have  been 
the  secretary  of  the  Emperor  Constantino  the  Great. 

The  only  one  of  his  works  that  is  extant  is  the  Brevidrium,  a  brief 
history  of  Rome  from  the  founding  of  the  city  to  the  death  of  the 
Emperor  Jovian,  304  a.  d.  He  dedicated  the  work  to  the  Emperor  Valens, 
364-378  A.D.,  composing  it  probably  at  the  emperor's  request. 

Through  the  republican  period  he  follows  Livy,  whom  he  knows  at  first 
hand.  Afterwards  he  takes  Suetonius  and  the  Augustan  History  for  his 
guides.  His  style  is  simple  and  terse,  and  the  diction  is  very  good  for 
the  age  in  which  the  book  was  written.  As  a  historian  his  judgment  is  cool 
and  impartial.  He  makes  some  blunders,  but  mostly  in  the  matter  of 
dates.  A  Greek  translation  made  by  a  certain  Capito,  a  Lycian,  is  men- 
tioned, but  it  has  been  lost.     A  later  Greek  version  by  Faeanius  is  extant. 


Book  I 

Page  7.  Ch.  1.  Line  1.  Roma- 
num  :  note  emphatic  position, 

Romulo  :  see  the  legend  of  Rom- 
ulus and  Remus  in  Ihne,  p,  32  ; 
Livy,  Bk.  I,  IV  ;  Guerber,  p,  140, 

2.  Vestalis  virginis  :  the  Vestals 
were  a  kind  of  nuns,  six  in  number, 
who  were  priestesses  of  Vesta.  It 
was  their  duty  to  keep  the  fire  on 
the  altar  in  her  temple  in  the  Forum 
burning  constantly ,  ' '  Her  altar,  with 
its  evei'-burning  fire,  was  the  familv 


hearth  of  the  state,  from  which  the 
household  fires  were  kindled  at  cer- 
tain dates,"  Lanciani,  Anc.  Borne ^ 
Ch.  VI, 

filius  :  in  apposition  with  qu'i^ 
subject  of  putdUis  est. 

quantum  putatus  est :  '  as  he 
was  thought '  =  '  as  it  was  thought '  ; 
note  that  the  Latin  prefers  the  per- 
sonal construction  where  we  prefer 
the  impersonal. 

3.   is  :  emphatic  position. 

cum  ,  .  .  latrocinaretur :  the 
student  should  note    the    different 


105 


106 


NOTES 


[Page  7 


uses  of  cum,  viz.:  Temporal,  with 
Indicative  or  Subjunctive  ;  Causal 
and  Concessive,  viritli  Subjunctive 
alone ;  cf.  cum  .  .  .  compdruisset, 
Ch.  2  ;  cum  .  .  .  haherent,  Ch.  2  ; 
ctim  .  .  .  egissent,  Ch.  18. 

4.  decern  et  octo  annos  natus 
(ndscoi^):  'having  been  born  eigh- 
teen years'  =  'eighteen  years  old.' 
The  more  common  expression  for 
the  numeral  is  duodevlginti.  Cf. 
annorum  trium  et  v'lgintl,  Bk.  II, 
Ch.  6 ;  annum  agens  vlcesimum 
aetdtis,  Bk.  Ill,  Ch.  7. 

5.  urbem  exiguam  :  remains  of 
this  city  are  still  found  on  the  Pala- 
tine Hill. 

Pal&tino  monte :  the  Palatine 
Hill,  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome. 
The  others  were  the  Capitoline,  Qui- 
rinal,  Aventine,  Esquiline,  Viminal, 
and  Caelian. 

XI  Kal.  Maias  :  the  full  expres- 
sion would  be  ante  diem  undecimum 
Kalendds  Maids,  April  21.  "In  the 
Roman  calendar  it  coincided  with 
the  Palilia,  or  feast  of  Pales,  the 
guardian  divinity  of  shepherds." 

6.  Olympiadis  :  the  Greeks  reck- 
oned time  by  periods  of  four  years, 
called  Olympiads  from  the  Olympian 
Games,  which  were  celebrated  at 
that  interval.  The  starting  point 
was  770  B.C.  Hence  the  third  year 
of  the  sixth  Olympiad  would  be 
753  B.C.  Some  prefer  to  recognize 
764  as  the  date  of  the  founding  of 
the  city. 

Cn.  2.  8.  condita  civitate  :  '  the 
city  having  been  founded '  =  '  when 
the  city  had  been  founded.'     The 


student  should  ascertain  by  analysis 
of  the  thought  what  the  Ablative 
Absolute  is  intended  to  represent, 
and  should  translate  it  accordingly. 
The  literal  translation  should  seldom 
be  used.  Civitate  =  urhe,  a  late 
usage,  frequent  in  Eutropius.  The 
usual  expression  is  tirhe  condita,  but 
Eutropius  places  the  participle  first 
for  emphasis. 

Romam  vocavit :  according  to 
Lanciani,  Roma  is  derived  from 
Bumon, '  river.'  Roma  then  would 
mean  'the  town  by  the  river,'  and 
Romulus,  'the  man  from  the  town 
by  the  river'  {Anc.  Bome,  p.  37). 
Mommsen  claims  that  Ramnes,  the 
early  name  by  which  the  Romans 
were  called,  means  'bushmen.' 
Hence  Roma  would  be  '  the  town  of 
tlie  bushmen'  (Mommsen,  History 
of  Bome,  Vol.  I,  p.  71). 

9.  fere :  '  about,'  indicating  that 
the  statement  is  a  loose  one. 

10.  centum  ex  senioribus :  '  a 
hundred  of  the  elders '  ;  ex  or  de 
with  cardinal  numerals  is  regularly 
used  instead  of  a  Partitive  Genitive. 
Tarquinius  Priscus  doubled  the  num- 
ber of  the  senators,  Ch.  G.  Before 
the  end  of  the  regal  period  the  num- 
ber was  increased  to  300.  Sulla 
added  300  equites.  Julius  Caesar 
raised  the  number  to  900.  Augustus 
reduced  it  to  600.  For  the  duties 
of  the  senate  see  Ihne,  Ch.  XI ; 
Tighe, pp.49, 1 15 ;  Mommsen,  pp.  18, 
19,  45,  40. 

12.  uzorSs :  object  of  haberent. 
Emphatic  on  account  of  its  position 
before  the  subject  of  the  verb, 


Page  8] 


NOTES 


107 


Page  g,  1.  earum  :  the  ante- 
cedent is  ndtiones. 

commotis  bellis  :  lit.  '  wars  leav- 
ing been  aroused '  =  '  wlien  war  liad 
been  aroused '  ;  cf.  conditd  civitdte, 
Cli.  2. 

propter  raptarum  iniuriam :  lit. 
'  on  account  of  the  wrong  of  the 
stolen  (maidens)  '  =  '  on  account  of 
the  wrong  done  by  stealing  the 
maidens.'  With  raptarum  sc.  vir- 
ginum. 

4.  non  compamisset :  lit.  '  he 
had  not  appeared '  =  '  he  had  dis- 
appeared. ' 

5.  ad  deos  transisse  :  lit.  '  to 
have  gone  across  to  the  gods '  =  '  to 
have  been  translated.' 

6.  per  qumos  dies :  '  through 
five  days  each.' 

•  Ch.  3.   8.    rex :  predicate  Nomi- 
native. 

bellum  :  emphatic  by  position  as 
well  as  by  the  use  of  quidem.  "  The 
statement  that  during  the  forty-three 
years  of  Numa's  reign  Rome  en- 
joyed uninterrupted  peace  cannot 
be  looked  upon  as  anything  but  a 
fiction  or  a  dream." 

11.  conauetudine  proeliorum : 
'  because  of  their  habit  of  (waging) 
war.' 

iam  .  .  .  putabantur :  '  were 
beginning  to  be  thought '  ;  note  the 
force  of  the  Imperfect. 

12.  in  decern :  Livy  I,  XIX,  says 
in  duodecim  menses. 

13.  aliqua  =  ulld. 
confusum :  '  confused '  ;  modifies 

annum  and  is  modified  by  prius. 

14.  morbo :  i.e.  a  natural  death 


as  contrasted  with  a  death  by 
violence. 

Ch.  4.  16.  huic  successit :  lit. 
'  to  this  one  succeeded '  =  '  his  suc- 
cessor was '  ;  note  the  emphasis. 

hic  bella  reparSvit :  in  allusion 
to  the  former  activity  of  Romulus 
in  that  direction. 

17.  Albanos  :  Alba  Longa,  the 
most  ancient  town  in  Latium,  is 
said  to  have  been  built  by  Ascanius, 
and  to  have  colonized  Rome.  After 
its  destruction  by  Tullus  Hostilius 
it  was  never  rebuilt.  Its  inhabitants 
were  removed  to  Rome.  At  a  later 
time  the  surrounding  country  was 
studded  with  the  splendid  villas  of 
the  Roman  aristocracy.  Livy,  Bk.  I, 
XXII-XXV,  gives  an  account  of  the 
conquest  of  the  Albans. 

miliario :  the  Roman  milestones 
were  set  up  at  intervals  of  1000 
paces,  5000  Roman  feet,  on  the 
military  roads.  They  gave  the  dis- 
tance from  the  place  from  which  the 
measurement  was  made,  its  name, 
the  name  of  the  person  who  erected 
the  stone,  and  the  name  of  the 
reigning  emperor.  The  phrase 
means  '  twelve  miles  from   Rome.' 

18.  alii  .  .  .  alii:  'the  one  .  .  . 
the  other.'  Eutropius  uses  alius 
with  the  meaning  of  alter. 

20.  adiecto  Caelid  monte :  lit. 
'the  Caelian  Hill  having  been  an- 
nexed '  =  '  by  annexing  the  Caelian 
Hill'  ;  cf.  conditd  cwitdte,  Ch.  2. 

21.  fulmine  ictus:  lit.  'having 
been  struck  by  lightning.' 

arsit:  drdeo. 

Ch.    5.    22.    ex    filia :     '  on    his 


108 


NOTES 


[Pagks  8,  9 


daugliter's  side.'  Note  peculiarity 
of  filia,  H.  80,  2  (49,  4) ;  M.  33,  n.  2  ; 
A.  &  G.  36,  e;  G.  29,  4  ;  B.  21,  2,  e. 

Page  9.  1-  laniculum :  Mons 
laniculus,  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  Tiber,  was  united  to  the  city  by 
the  Pons  Sublicius. 

civitatem :  this  city,  afterwards 
called  Ostia,  was  situated  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river,  about  sixteen  miles 
from  Rome.  It  was  used  as  a  port 
for  Rome  until  the  time  of  the 
Empire. 

3.  morbo  periit :  cf .  morbo  de- 
cessit,  Ch.  3. 

Ch.  6.  4.  Priscus  Tarquimus  = 
Tarquinius  Friscus.  When  only  the 
nomen  and  the  cog noinen  are  written, 
they  are  often  reversed,  especially 
in  late  Latin.  The  legend  of  the 
Tarquins  is  as  follows  :  Demaratus, 
their  ancestor,  fled  from  Corinth, 
his  native  place,  and  settled  at  Tar- 
quinii  in  Etruria.  He  married  an 
Etruscan  wife,  by  whom  he  had 
two  sons,  Lucumo  and  Aruns.  At 
his  death  Lucumo  inherited  all  his 
father's  property.  Although  he  had 
married  Tanaquil,  a  woman  of  the 
highest  rank,  he  was  excluded  from 
all  power  and  influence  in  the  state. 
Discontented  with  this  he  removed 
to  Rome  with  a  large  band  of  follow- 
ers. He  and  his  companions  were 
received  witli  welcome,  and  were 
admitted  to  the  rights  of  Roman 
citizens.  He  took  the  name  of 
Lucius  Tarquinius,  to  which  Livy 
adds  Prisons,  to  distinguish  him  from 
L.  Tarquinius,  the  seventh  king 
of  Rome.     At  the  death  of  Ancus 


Marcius,  the  senate  and  people 
unanimously  elected  Tarquinius  to 
the  vacant  throne.  His  reign  was 
distinguished  by  great  exploits  in 
war  and  by  great  works  in  peace. 

5.  circum  :  the  Circus  Maximus. 
It  was  in  a  valley  between  the  Pala- 
tine and  Aventine  Hills.  Here  the 
Roman  games  were  held.  At  first 
the  spectators  sat  on  the  hill  side 
and  watched  the  games  being  cele- 
brated in  the  valley  beneath  them. 
Tarquinius  is  said  to  have  been  the 
first  to  introduce  seats.  In  the  time 
of  Caesar  the  circus  was  1800  feet 
long  and  300  feet  wide,  and  capable 
of  seating  180,000  people.  It  was 
enlarged  many  times,  until  in  the 
fourth  century  it  was  capable  of 
seating  385,000  people. 

ludos  Romanos :  the  LMl  lld- 
md7il,  consisting  of  horse  and  chariot 
races,  were  the  oldest  games,  and 
were  celebrated  originally  in  honor 
of  Jupiter  by  victorious  generals  as 
a  part  of  a  triumph.  At  first  they 
lasted  only  one  day,  but  the  time 
was  gradually  increased  until  in  the 
age  of  Cicero  they  lasted  fifteen  days, 
September  4-19. 

0.  ad  nostram  memoriam :  ^  to 
our  time.' 

7.  vicit :  enq)hatic  position. 
non  parum  =  mdf/mim  :  '  a  large 

part'  ;  cf.  non  romparnisset,  Ch.  2. 

8.  primus  .  .  .  intrSvit :  '  and 
he  was  the  first  to  enter  the  city 
celebrating  a  triumph.'  A  triumph 
was  a  solemn  procession  in  which  a 
victorious  general  entered  the  city 
in  a  chariot  drawn  by  four  horses. 


Page  9] 


NOTES 


109 


He  was  preceded  by  the  captives  and 
spoils  taken  in  war,  and  was  followed 
by  his  troops ;  and,  after  passing  in 
state  along  the  Via  Sacra,  ascended 
the  Capitol  to  offer  sacrifice  in  the 
Temple  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus.  The 
following  conditions  had  to  be  com- 
plied with :  (a)  The  general  must 
have  been  dictator,  consul,  or  prae- 
tor, (b)  He  must  have  actually 
commanded  in  the  battle  and  com- 
menced it,  himself  taking  the  aus- 
pices, (c)  The  battle  must  have 
been  decisive  and  ended  the  cam- 
paign, (d)  The  foes  must  have  been 
f(n'eigners,  and  at  least  5000  of  them 
must  have  been  slain. 

0.  murds  fecit :  he  began  to  sur- 
round the  city  with  a  stone  wall,  a 
work  his  successor,  Servius  Tullius, 
completed. 

cloacas :  the  Cloaca  Maxima  is 
a  semicircular  tunnel,  14  feet  wide, 
beneath  the  city.  A  part  of  this 
sewer,  about  1020  feet,  is  still  hi 
existence,  and  after  a  lapse  of  2500 
years  goes  on  fulfilling  its  original 
purpose.  Its  opening  into  the  Tiber 
near  the  Temple  of  Hercules  in  the 
Forum  Boarium  is  still  in  a  good 
state  of  preservation. 

Capitolium :  the  Temple  of  Jupi- 
ter on  the  Capitoline  Hill.  Its  foun- 
dations were  laid  by  Tarquinius 
Priscus.  Its  walls  were  raised  by 
his  successor  Servius  Tullius,  and 
Tarquinius  Superbus  completed  it, 
although  it  was  not  consecrated  until 
the  third  year  after  the  expulsion  of 
the  kings.  It  consisted  of  three 
parts,  a  nave  sacred  to  Jupiter,  and 


two  wings,  the  right  sacred  to  Mi- 
nerva and  the  left  to  Juno.  The 
magnificence  and  richness  of  this 
temple  are  almost  incredible.  It 
was  burned  in  the  time  of  Sulla,  who 
rebuilt  it.  After  being  destroyed 
several  times  it  was  raised  for  the 
last  time  by  Domitian,  who  made  it 
more  grand  and  magnificent  than 
had  any  of  his  predecessors. 

10.  per  .  .  .  fQios :  Eutropius 
occasionally  substitutes  2)er  with  the 
Accusative  for  the  Ablative  or  Da- 
tive of  agent ;  cf.  j^er  eum  multa  a 
consulibns  prospere  ijpsta  snut,  Bk. 
IV,  10. 

11.  regis  eius  :  apposition  with 
A  nci. 

GUI :  cf.  hide  successit,  Ch.  4. 

Ch.  7.  12.  Servius  Tullius :  the 
legend  of  Servius  Tullius  is  as  fol- 
lows :  Ocrisia,  his  mother,  was  one 
of  the  captives  taken  at  Corniculum, 
and  became  a  slave  of  Tanaquil,  the 
wife  of  Tarquinius  Priscus.  Servius 
was  born  and  reared  at  the  palace 
of  the  king.  As  Tanaquil  by  her 
power  of  divination  had  foreseen 
the  gTeatness  of  the  child,  she  per- 
suaded Tarquinius  to  give  his  daugh- 
ter to  Servius  in  marriage.  At  the 
death  of  Tarquinius,  by  the  aid  of 
Tanaquil,  Servius  became  firmly 
fixed  in  the  royal  power.  The 
great  deeds  of  Servius  were  deeds 
of  peace,  and  he  was  regarded  by 
posterity  as  the  author  of  all  their 
civil  rights  and  institutions.  Three 
important  events  are  assigned  to  him. 
He  reformed  the  constitution  of  the 
state.      He  extended  the  boundary 


110 


NOTES 


[Pages  9,  10 


of  the  city  and  surrounded  it  witli  a 
wall.  He  established  an  important 
alliance  by  which  Rome  and  the 
Latin  cities  became  members  of  one 
great  league. 

genitus  :  lit.  '  born '  =  '  the  son.' 
13.    quoque :    as    well    as    Tar- 
quinius  Priscus.     Quoque  must  not 
be  confounded  with  quoque^  the  Ab- 
lative of  the  pronoun  quisque. 

15.  fossas  circum  murum  :  por- 
tions of  the  Servian  wall  still 
exist. 

16.  censum  :  the  number  of  Ro- 
man citizens  was  ascertained  every 
five  years,  though  not  always  with 
perfect  regularity,  for  the  assess- 
ment of  taxes  and  the  arrange- 
ment of  military  service.  Originally 
the  kings  took  the  census.  After  the 
establishment  of  the  republic  the 
duty  was  performed  by  the  consuls. 
After  444  b.c,  sj)ecial  officers,  called 
censors,  had  charge  of  it.  The  cen- 
sus was  concluded  Avith  the  solemn 
ceremony  of  reviewing  the  newly 
constituted  army,  called  a  lustrum. 

orbem  terrarum  :  lit.  '  the  circle 
of  lands '  =  '  the  world.' 

18.  capita  :  '  souls ' ;  cf.  our  ex- 
pression '  head  of  cattle. ' 

19.  in  agris  :  others  than  inhabi- 
tants of  Rome  possessed  Roman  citi- 
zenship. 

21.  uxorem  :  '  as  his  wife.' 
Cii.  8.  22.  L.  TarquiniuB  Su- 
perbus :  L.  Tarquinius,  called  Su- 
perbus,  '  the  Overbearing,'  from  his 
haughty  manner  and  conduct,  com- 
menced his  reign  without  any  of  the 
forms  of  election.     One  of  his  first 


acts  was  to  abolish  the  rights  that 
Servius  Tullius  had  conferred  upon 
the  plebeians.  All  the  senators 
whom  he  mistrusted  and  all  whose 
wealth  he  coveted  he  put  to  death 
or  banished.  He  surrounded  him- 
self with  a  bodyguard,  by  means 
of  which  he  was  enabled  to  do  what 
he  liked.  After  several  successful 
campaigns  his  tyranny  caused  the 
people  to  depose  him  and  drive  him 
from  the  city. 

23.  euntibus  ;  lit.  '  for  those  go- 
ing '  =  '  as  you  go.' 

24.  Gabios  :  '  the  city  Gabii '  ; 
the  name  of  the  town,  though  plu- 
ral, is  in  apposition  with  civitdtem. 

Page  IQ.  1-  Capitolio  :  here  the 
Capitoline  Hill. 

2.  oppugnans  :  '  while  besieging 
the  city  '  ;  a  clause  with  cum  or  dum 
would  have  been  more  usual. 

4.  eius :  antecedent  is  L.  Tar- 
quinius. 

et  ipse  Tarquinius  iilnior  :  '  also 
a  Tarquin  (but)  younger' =  ' who 
was  also  called  Tarquinius ' ;  his 
praenomen  was  Sextus. 

5.  Lucretiam :  for  the  interest- 
ing story  of  Lucretia,  see  The  Story 
of  the  Bomans,  p.  (32. 

eandemque  :  'who  was  also '  ; 
H.  508,  3  (451,  3) ;  M.  446,  1 ;  A.  & 
G.  195,  e ;  G.  310  ;  B.  248. 

6.  stuprSLsset :  '  had  offered  vio- 
lence to. '  Stuprdsset  for  stuprdvis- 
set,  cf.  regndsset,  Ch.  4. 

7.  questa  fuisset :  for  questa  es- 
set.  Eutropius  generally  uses  essem, 
etc.,  in  the  Pluperfect  Passive  Sub- 
junctive.    For  other  exceptions  see 


Pages  10,  11] 


NOTES 


111 


Bk.  II,  9,  22.  He  ordinarily  uses 
ftteram,  etc.,  for  eram  in  the  Plu- 
perfect Passive  Indicative. 

8.  parens  et  ipse  :  '  a  relative 
likewise,'  i.e.  as  well  as  Collatinus. 
He  was  the  son  of  Marcus  lunius 
and  Tarquinia,  the  second  daughter 
of  Tarquinius  Superbus.  He  was 
called  'Brutus,'  i.e.  *the  Stupid,' 
on  account  of  the  mental  imbecility 
he  feigned  to  deceive  Tarquinius. 
Parens.,  '  relative,'  a  late  meaning. 

10.  eum  :  refers  to  the  king. 

qui :  antecedent  is  exercitiis. 

13.  regnatum  est :  lit.  '  it  was 
ruled '  =  '  the  dynasty  lasted.' 

14.  annis :  Eutropius  and  some 
other  post-classical  writers  use  the 
Ablative  of  Time  within  which  for 
the  Accusative  of  Duration  of  Time. 
The  Ablative  makes  prominent  the 
limits  that  mark  the  time. 

15.  ubi  plurimum :  lit.  '  where 
most'  =  '  at  the  most,'  at  the  place 
of  the  widest  extent. 

Ch.  9.  17.  hinc  :  'from  this  time.' 
consules :     at    first    they    were 
called  praeiores, '  leaders. '    The  con- 
suls were  elected  by  the  Comitia 
Centuriata,   the  new  assembly   or- 
ganized by  Servius  Tullius, 
coepere  =  coeperunt. 
18.  alter  eum  :    note   the   fond- 
ness of  the  Latin  for  antitheses.     It 
tends  to  place  contrasted  words  near 
each  other.      Often  the  observance 
of  this  is  of  assistance  in  determin- 
ing the  meaning  of  a  passage. 
20.  annuiim  :  '  lasting  one  year. ' 
haberent :    the  clause  ne   .    .    . 
haberent  is  the  Subject  of  placuit. 


21.  reddereiitur :  cf.  coerceret, 
above. 

civiles  :  lit.  '  like  citizens '  = 
'  good  citizens.' 

28.  ab  expulsis  regibus  :  '  after 
the  expulsion  of  the  kings  ; '  cf.  post 
regis  exactos,  Ch.  11. 

24.  maxime  .  .  .  pelleretur : 
'had  done  the  most  to  drive  out 
Tarquinius. ' 

25.  Tarquinio  :  cf.  isdem,  Ch.  6. 
Note  the  emphasis. 

Page  H,  1.  maneret :  cf.  habe- 
retit,  above. 

3.  L.  Valerius  Publicola  :  Livy, 
Bk.  II,  2,  calls  him  Publius  Valerius. 
Owing  to  his  efforts  to  secure  the 
rights  of  the  plebeians  and  for  his 
populj^r  measures  he  was  called  Piib- 
licola,  'the  Partisan  of  the  People.' 
He  secured  the  passage  of  the  Vale- 
rian law  giving  to  every  citizen  con- 
demned on  a  capital  charge  the  right 
of  appeal  to  the  people. 

Ch.  10.  7.  in  vicem  se :  '  each 
other  in  turn. '  As  the  Latin  has  no 
reciprocal  pronoun  it  is  compelled  to 
resort  to  various  circumlocutions; 
cf.  Caesar,  Bk.  I,  1 ,  inter  se,  Bk.  II, 
10,  alius  alium  circumspectant. 

8.  tamen :  although  both  the 
leaders  were  slain. 

10.  per  annum  :  cf.  annum  luxe- 
runt.,  Ch.  11. 

11.  quo  morbo  mortuo  :  'and 
when  he  had  died.'  The  Latin  rela- 
tive is  very  often  best  translated  by 
'  and '  with  a  personal  pronoun.  For 
the  case  of  morbo.,  cf.  morbo.,  Ch.  3. 

12.  iterum :  construe  with  sump- 
sit. 


112 


NOTES 


[Pagks  11,  12 


Cii,  11.  18.  Porsenna:  LarsPoi- 
senna,  king  of  Cliisium  in  Etruria. 
He  aided  the  Tarquins  as  they  had 
come  from  Etruria.  See  Macaulay's 
Lays  of  Ancient  Borne,  Horatiiis. 

Romam  paene  cepit :  Ihne 
(p.  89)  thinks  that  by  this  is  meant 
that  the  Etruscans  conquered  the 
city. 

22.  Tusculum :  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  Telegonus,  the  son  of 
Ulysses.  It  was  always  one  of  the 
most  important  of  the  Latin  towns, 
and  was  a  favorite  resort  of  the 
Roman  aristocracy.  Cicero  had  a 
villa  there. 

24.  consenuit :  lit.  '  he  grew  old  ' 
=  '  lived  to  be  an  old  man,' 

26.  de  his  :  '  over  them  ' ;  the 
regular  expression  used  "for  a 
triumph  celebrated  for  a  victory 
over  an  enemy. 

Page  12.  2.  f ataUter  :  lit.  'by 
fate '  =  '  a  natural  death '  ;  cf.  morbo 
decessit,  Ch.  ?>. 

?>.  nummis  :  '  money  '  ;  particu- 
larly small  coins. 

sumptum  babuerit  sepulturae : 
'had  the  cost  of  a  burial,'  i.e.  was 
buried  at  public  expense. 

quern  :  note  its  position. 

Cu.  12.  6.  gener  TarquinI: 
Manilius  Octavius  of  Tusculum. 

7.  dictatura :  at  times  of  great 
danger,  when  it  was  necessary  for 
one  man  to  hold  the  supreme  power, 
a  dictator  viras  appointed  by  one  of 
the  consuls  on  the  nomination  of 
the  senate.  The  office  was  for  six 
mouths ;  but  in  case  the  specific 
object  for  whicli    the  dictator  was 


appointed  was  accomplished  before 
that  time,  he  resigned.  Ihne,  p.  118  ; 
Tighe,  p.  05. 

8.  magister  equitum :  he  was 
aid-de-camp  to  the  dictator  and  was 
appointed  by  him.  In  the  absence 
of  the  latter  he  became  the  repre- 
sentative of  the  dictator. 

9.  neque  .  .  .  potestati : '  neither 
can  anything  be  said  to  be  more 
similar  than  the  ancient  dictatoi-ship 
to  the  imperial  power  which,'  etc. 
Imperium  was  the  regular  term  for 
the  power  possessed  by  the  magis- 
trates. Here  it  refers  to  the  power 
of  the  emperor. 

Eutropius  explains  for  the  benefit 
of  his  readers  the  ancient  dictator- 
ship, which  had  long  since  fallen 
into  disuse,  by  comparing  it  to  the 
power  possessed  by  the  emperor. 

1 1 .  Tranquillitas  Vestra :  '  Your 
Serene  Highness'  ;  V'alens,  Emperor 
of  the  East,  304-378  a.i^.  "Other 
titles  used  of  the  emperors  were 
Aeternitds  Tna,  Clementia  Tua, 
SerenitCis  Tiia,  MCignitMo  Tua, 
Mdiestds  Tna.'''' 

Vestra  :  in  Latin  of  the  classical 
period  tua  would  have  been  used,  as 
only  one  person  is  referred  to.  In 
late  Latin  the  pronouns  of  the  second 
person  plural  take  the  place  of  the 
singular,  just  as  'you'  has  taken 
the  place  of  '  thou.' 

13.  sub  dictaturae  nomine:  in 
45  K.c.  Caesar  was  made  perpetual 
dictator. 

Cii.  13.  17.  populus=/)/^?>.s' here. 
Populus  is  a  collective  noun,  and  so 
lakes  a  singular  verb. 


Pages  12-14] 


NOTES 


113 


tamquam  :  '  (in  the  ground  that ' ; 
a  late  meaning. 

18.  tribunos  plebis :  these  magis- 
trates, elected  by  the  plebeians  in 
an  assembly  of  their  own  (Comitia 
Tributa),  were  invested  with  the 
right  of  'intercession,'  by  which 
they  could  stop  all  legislation  that 
they  judged  to  be  harmful  to  the 
plebeians.  To  make  their  interces- 
sion effective  they  were  declared  to 
he  sacrosancti^  i.e.  '  inviolable,' and 
the  curse  of  outlawry  was  pronounced 
against  any  one  who  harmed  them. 
The  First  Secession  of  the  Plebeians, 
as  this  was  called,  was  the  beginning 
of  a  long  struggle  between  the  orders, 
and  terminated  in  the  complete  polit- 
ical equality  of  the  plebeians.  Ihne, 
Ch.  XIII ;  Creighton,  p.  12  ;  Tighe, 
p.  91. 

19.  per  quos  =  ut  per  eos. 
Page  13.  Cii.  14.  2.  quam  habe- 

bant    optimam  =  optimam    quam 
habebant. 

Cii.  15.  5.  Q.  Marcius :  called 
Coriolanus  from  the  city  Corioli, 
which  he  had  conquered.  Ihne, 
p.  155 ;  Creighton,  p.  21. 

8.  oppugnaturus :  the  Participle 
=  oppiujnavisset. 

9.  patriam  suam :  'his  native 
city.' 

12.  secundus :  really  the  first 
after  Tarquinius,  but  the  second  in 
order.  In  an  enumeration  of  a 
series  the  Latin  generally  includes 
the  starting  point. 

Ch.  16.  14.  C.  Pabio  et  L.  Vir- 
ginio  consulibus  :  lit.  '  C.  Fabius 
and  L.  Virginius  being  consuls '  =  ♦  in 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS 8 


the  consulship  of,'  etc.  One  of  the 
regular  ways  of  dating  events  in 
Latin  is  to  give  the  names  of  the 
consuls  for  that  year.  Another  is 
to  reckon  the  time  from  the  found- 
ing of  the  city  ;  cf.  ab  urbe  conditd, 
Ch.  18. 

15.  qui  .  .  .  erant:  'who  be- 
longed to  the  Fabian  household'; 
cf.  centum  ex  semdribiis,  Ch.  2. 

16.  promittentes  .  .  .  implen- 
dum  :  sc.  esse ;  '  promising  the  sen- 
ate and  the  people  that  the  whole 
contest  would  be  completed  by  them- 
selves.' Promitto  regularly  takes 
the  Future  Infinitive. 

18.  qui  singuli:  'each  one  of 
whom.' 

d§bSrent :  cf.  esset.,  Ch.  15. 

19.  unuB  omnino  superfuit :  see 
Ihne,  p.  103. 

Page  14.  Ch.  17.  1.  sequent! 
tamen  anno  :  in  the  year  after  the 
consuls  mentioned  in  the  last  chap- 
ter. 

3.  QuTntius :  generally  written 
Quinctius.  He  held  the  dictatorial 
power  for  fourteen  days  only,  and 
having  completed  his  work  returned 
to  his  farm.  Later  he  was  again 
appointed  dictator,  and  again  proved 
himself  to  be  the  deliverer  of  his 
country. 

4.  in  opere  et  arans:  the  post- 
classical  writers  seem  to  strive  al- 
most as  much  to  avoid  uniformity 
in  expression  as  the  classical  writers 
strive  for  it. 

5.  togam  praetextam:  by  me- 
tonomy  the  badge  of  office  is  put  for 
the  office  itself.     The  toga  praetexta 


114 


NOTES 


[Pages  14-16 


had  a  red  border  woven  in  it.  It 
was  the  badge  of  oflBce  of  the  higher 
magistrates  and  priests.  It  was 
worn  by  boys  also  until  they  reached 
the  age  of  manhood  and  by  girls 
until  they  married. 

Cii.  18.  7,  altero  =  secinulo. 

ab  urbe  condita:  'from  the 
founding  of  the  city.' 

9.  decemviri:  the  laws,  which 
the  decemvirs  codified,  known  as 
the  Twelve  Tables,  reinained  the 
foundation  of  Roman  law  for  a 
thousand  years.  They  were  en- 
graved on  twelve  bronze  tables  and 
were  set  up  in  the  Forum  that  all 
might  read  them.  Every  school- 
boy was  required  to  commit  them 
to  memory.  For  an  account  of  the 
decemvirs  and  their  legislation,  see 
Ihne,  p.  167 ;  Creighton,  p.  16 ; 
Tighe,  p.  05. 

10.  ex  his :  cf.  ex  senioribus, 
Ch.  2. 

11.  Virgini  .  .  .  f iliam :  seeMa- 
caulay's  Lays  of  Ancient  Borne, 
Virginia;  Ihne,  p.  173  ;  Creighton, 
p.  16. 

13.  quam  =  sed  earn. 

Ch.  19.  17.  PidenatSs:  the  town 
of  Fidenae  is  said  to  have  been  colo- 
nized by  Romulus.  It  frequently 
revolted  and  was  as  frequently  re- 
taken by  the  Romans.  After  its 
destruction  in  437  b.c.  it  was  re- 
built. 

20.    coniunzenint  sS:  'united.' 

Page  15.  2.  victi  .  .  .  perdi- 
dSrunt :  '  they  were  conquered  and 
also  lost  their  king.' 

Ch.  20.  4.  VeientSni :  they  were 


engaged  in  ahnost  unceasing  hos- 
tilities with  the  Romans  for  more 
than  three  centuries  and  a  half. 

5.  ipsos  =  eos.  Eutropius  often 
uses  ipse  for  is. 

6.  acie :  note  the  difference  of 
meaning  between  exercitns,  dymen, 
acies,  and  copiae. 

diu  obsidens:  the  siege  is  said 
to  have  lasted  ten  years. 

8.  etFaliscos:  in  classical  prose 
etiam  would  have  been  used. 

9.  quasi :  '  on  the  ground  that '  ; 
a  late  meaning. 

divisisset:  cf.  premeretur,  Ch. 
13. 

11.  Gain  Senones:  see  Ihne, 
Ch.  XXI;  Creighton,  p.  25;  The 
Story  of  the  Eomans,  p.  104. 

12.  apud  flumen  Alliam:  the 
fight  occurred  on  July  16,  which 
was  henceforth  considered  as  an  un- 
lucky day. 

secuti  .  .  .  occupaverunt :  cf. 
victl  .  .  .  perdiderunt,  Ch.  19. 

15.  obsiderent :  cf.  stistineret, 
Ch.  18. 

21.  et  ipse  :  *  he  too,'  as  well  as 
Romulus. 

Book  II 

Page  Ig.  Ch.  1.  3.  tribuni  mili- 
targs    consulari    potestate :    six 

military  tribunes  with  consular  pow- 
ers and  consular  duration  of  office 
were  elected  by  the  Comitia  Centu- 
riata.  The  office  was  open  alike  to 
patricians  and  plebeians.  This  was 
a  compromise  measure  on  the  part 
of  the  patricians  when  they  were 
forced  to  yield  to  the  demands  of 


Pages  1G,  17] 


NOTES 


115 


the  plebeians  to  be  admitted  to  the 
consulship.  All  the  rights  of  the 
consulship  were  given  to  them  by 
this  means  without  the  honorary 
privileges  the  holding  of  the  office 
of  consul  conferred.  Each  year  the 
people  determined  whether  consuls 
or  military  tribunes  with  consular 
power  should  be  elected.  From  the 
time  of  the  creation  of  the  tribunes 
with  consular  power  until  the  open- 
ing of  the  consulship  to  the  ple- 
beians in  367  B.C.,  the  tribunes  were 
elected  fifty  times  and  the  consuls 
twenty-three.  The  plebeians  were 
kept  out  of  the  office  until  400 
B.C.  Mommsen,  p.  03  ;  Tighe,  p. 
100. 

4.  hinc  :  cf.  hinc,  Bk.  I,  0. 

7.  tres  .  .  .  egit :  /.f'.  a  triumph 
for  each  of  the  cities. 

Ch.  2.  11.  subipsis:  'under the 
direction  of  these '  ;  i.e.  the  citizens 
of  Praeneste. 

12.  Romanis :  note  the  name  of 
the  people  lor  that  of  the  city. 

14.  decretus :  se.  est  from  the 
sunt  preceding. 

Ch.  3.  10.  placuit :  lit.  '  it  was 
pleasing'  =  'they  determined.' 

17.  ita  fluxit :  lit.  '  it  flowed  so  ' 
=  '  there  was  such  disturbance.' 

Ch.  4.  21.  L.  Genucio  .  .  .  con- 
Bulibus :  cf.  C.  Fahio  .  .  .  consu- 
libiis,  Bk.  I,  10. 

22.  honor  .  .  .  delatus  est :  lit. 
'honor  second  after  Romulus  was 
conferred  upon  him  '  =  '  honor  sec- 
ond to  that  of  Romulus,'  etc. 

Page  17.  Ch.  5.  2.  miliario  : 
cf.  miliario,  Bk.  I,  4. 


3.  Anienem :  the  Anio,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Tiber.  Anienem  is  Ac- 
cusative from  the  old  Nominative 
Anien. 

nobilissimus :  lit.  '  of  highest 
birth.'     VGNO,  cf.  nosed. 

de  senatoribus :  cf.  ex  seniori- 
bus,  Bk.  I,  2. 

4.  L.  Manlius  :  his  name  is  gen- 
erally given  as  Titus.  The  Story  of 
the  Eomans,  p.  106. 

5.  sublato  .  .  .  imposito  :  '  hav- 
ing taken  off  his  (the  Gaul's)  golden 
necklace  and  having  placed  it  on  his 
own  neck'  ;  cf.  conditd  clvitdte,  Bk. 
I,  2. 

(5.  in  perpetuum  :  'forever.' 

7.  fugati  sunt :  note  the  differ- 
ence in  form  and  meaning  between 
fugdre  and  fugere. 

8.  non  multo  post :  lit.  '  not 
after  by  much  '  =  '  not  long  after.' 

9.  milia  captivorum  :  it  was 
customary  to  adorn  the  procession 
of  the  victorious  general,  when  he 
was  celebrating  a  triumph,  with  the 
captives  he  had  taken  in  the  cam- 
paign. When  the  procession  passed 
up  the  Capitoline  Hill  to  the  Temple 
of  Jupiter,  the  captives  were  led 
aside  to  the  Mamertine  prison  at  the 
foot  of  the  hill  and  were  strangled. 

Ch.  6.  11.  Latini :  Creighton, 
p.  27. 

12.  milites  praestare :  it  was 
the  custom  of  Rome  to  compel  the 
states  she  had  subdued  to  furnish 
soldiers  for  the  Roman  army.  These 
were  used  as  auxiliary  forces. 

ex  Romanis  :  cf.  ex  seniorihus, 
Bk.  I,  2. 


116 


NOTES 


[Pages  17,  18 


13.  qui  modus  =  modus  qui ;  '  a 
force  which.' 

14.  parvTs  .  .  .  rgbus  :  •  although 
up  to  this  time  the  Roman  state  was 
small. ' 

16.  quae  =  eae  legiones. 

duce  L.  FuriS  :  lit.  'L.  Furius 
being  the  leader'  =  'under  the 
leadership  of  L.  Furius.' 

17.  qui  esset  optimus :  '  who- 
ever was  the  best.' 

18.  sg  .  .  .  obtulit :  '  offered  him- 
self.' 

Valerius:  see  The  Story  of  the 
Bomaiis,  p.  111'. 

20.  commissa  .  .  .  pugna :  cf. 
conditd  civitdte^  Bk.  1,  2. 

21.  alls  et  unguibuB  :  cf.  ful- 
mine,  Bk.  T,  4. 

25.  annorum :  by  a  law  passed 
in  181  B.C.,  the  legal  age  of  the 
consulship  was  fixed  at  forty-three. 
There  were  exceptions  made,  as  in 
the  case  of  Cn.  Pompeius,  who  was 
elected  consul  when  he  was  thirty- 
six  years  old. 

Page  18.  Ch.  7.  1.  Latlnl : 
Creighton,  p.  28. 

2.  ex  eorum :  sc.  populb. 

4.  pGgn% :  see  l^he  Story  of  the 
Romans,  p.  113. 

5.  d5  his  perdomitis :  '  a  tri- 
umph was  celebrated  on  account  of 
their  defeat.' 

6.  rSstris :  the  Rostra  or  speaker's 
platform  in  the  Forum.  From  it  the 
speaker  could  command  the  entire 
Forum  and  the  Comitium.  In  42 
B.C.  it  was  removed  and  set  up  again 
at  the  west  end  of  the  Forum.  An- 
other rostra  was  constructed  about 


the  same  time  at  the  opposite  end, 
in  front  of  the  new  Temple  of  Divus 
lulius. 

7.  Alexandro  Macedone :  Al- 
exander the  Great. 

Ch.  8.  9.  Samnitas :  a  Greek 
form  of  the  Accusative.  The  Sam- 
nites  were  offshoots  of  the  Sabines, 
occupying  the  hilly  country  between 
the  Nar,  the  Tiber,  and  the  Anio. 
Their  bravery  made  them  the  most 
formidable  rival  of  Rome  in  Italy. 
In  290  B.C.  they  were  subjected  to 
Rome. 

12.  Q.  Fabio  Maximo  :  called 
Bidlidnus.  This  Fabius  was  five 
times  consul  and  dictator  twice.  He 
triumphed  over  the  Samnites,  Marsi, 
Gauls,  and  Etrurians.  He  was  the 
great-grandfather  of  Q.  Fabius  Maxi- 
mus,  the  hero  of  the  Second  Punic 
war. 

14.  sS  absente :  '  while  he  (Pa- 
pirius)  was  absent. ' 

16.  capitis  damnatus  :  lit.  '  hav- 
ing been  condemned  of  the  head '  = 
'having  been  condemned  on  a 
capital  charge '  ;  cf .  our  expression 
'  capital  punishment. ' 

se  vetante  :  cf .  parv'is  .  .  .  rebus, 
Ch.  6.  Se ;  the  antecedent  is  Papi- 
rius. 

Cn.  9.  19.  T.  Veturio  .  .  .  c6n- 
sulibus :  cf.  C.  Fabio  .  .  .  cnnsuU- 
bus,  Bk.  I,  16. 

21).  vicSnmt :  at  the  battle  of 
the  Caudine  Forks,  a  narrow  pass 
east  of  Campania.  The  commander 
of  the  Samnites  was  Gavins  Pontius. 
See  The  Story  of  the  Bomans,  p.  113, 

sub  iugum  :  the  yoke  was  formed 


Pages  18,  19] 


NOTES 


11' 


by  sticking  two  spears  in  the  ground 
and  fastening  a  third  on  top.  To 
pass  under  the  yoke  was  a  sign 
of  subjection,  and  is  equivalent  to 
our  expression  '  laying  down  arms.' 
Livy,  Bk.  IX,  VI,  describes  the 
process. 

21.  pax  .  .  .  soluta  est :  a  Ro- 
man general  could  not  make  peace 
with  the  enemy  without  the  ratifica- 
tion of  the  senate  and  the  people. 

22.  ipsis  :  see  note  on  ipsos,  Bk. 
I,  20. 

facta  fuerat :  see  note  on  facta 
fuisset,  Bk.  I,  8. 

Page  19.  3.  aquam  Claudiam 
induxit :  i.e.  he  built  the  aqueduct 
named  after  him.  It  was  more  com- 
monly called  'Aqua  Appia.'  Be- 
tween seven  and  eight  miles  in 
length,  chiefly  under  ground,  it  was 
the  beginning  of  the  magnificent 
system  of  water  works  that  distin- 
guished ancient  Rome.  Four  of 
these  old  aqueducts  still  furnish  the 
water  supply  of  modern  Rome. 
Lanciani,  Ancient  Eome,  p.  68. 

4.  viam  Appiam  :  "the  Appian 
road  was  made  in  812  n.c.  to  join 
Rome  to  Capua,  and  was  afterwards 
carried  as  far  as  Brundisium.  This 
'  queen  of  roads,'  as  it  was  called, 
was  a  stone  causeway,  constructed 
according  to  the  nature  of  the  coun- 
try, with  an  embankment  either 
beneath  or  beside  it,  and  was  of 
such  a  width  that  two  broad  wagons 
could  easily  pass  each  other." 

Q.  Fabium  Maximum:  called 
(Purges,  the  son  of  Q.  Fabius  Maxi- 
mus,  mentioned  in  Ch.  8. 


6.  datuB  fuisset :  cf .  questa  fuis- 
set,  Bk.  I,  8. 

7.  ipsorum  :  cf.  ips'is,  above. 

10.  per  amios  :  cf.  per  annum, 
Bk.  I,  10. 

11.  actum:  '  waged' ;  agrees  with 
helium. 

Ch.  10.  13.  sS  .  .  .  iunxerunt : 
cf.  coniunxerunt  se,  Bk.  I,  19. 

15.  deletae  sunt :  The  Story  of 
the  Bomans,  p.  114. 

Ch.  11.  17.  Tarentinis :  the  people 
of  Tarentum,  a  rich  and  luxurious 
city  in  southern  Italy.  It  played 
an  important  part  in  the  war  with 
Pyrrhus.  The  whole  of  southern 
Italy  was  known  as  Magna  Graecia, 
on  account  of  the  number  of  cities 
founded  there  by  the  Greeks. 

in  ultima  Italia :  '  in  the  most 
remote  part  of  Italy '  ;  II.  497,  3 
(440,  N.  1);  M.  423;  A.  &  G.  193; 
G.  291,  R.  2;  B.  241. 

19.  Pyrrhum  .  .  .  auxilium  po- 
po8C§runt :  '  asked  aid  of  Pyrrhus. ' 
Pyrrhus  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
greatest  generals  that  had  ever  lived. 
With  his  daring  courage,  his  mili- 
tary skill,  and  his  kingly  bearing, 
he  might  have  become  the  most 
powerful  monarch  of  his  day.  But 
he  never  rested  satisfied  with  any 
acquisition,  and  was  ever  grasping 
at  some  fresh  object.  For  an  account 
of  the  war  see  The  Story  of  the  JRo- 
mans,  pp.  115-121 ;  Creighton,  p.  31. 

20.  originem  trahebat :  '  was 
claiming  descent '  ;  it  was  the  cus- 
tom of  royal  families  to  claim  descent 
from  heroes  or  gods. 

21.  primum :  '  for  the  first  time. ' 


118 


NOTES 


[PacxES  19-21 


24.  cepisset:  cf.  latrocindretiir, 
Bk.  I,  1. 

duel :  cf.  the  construction  with 
praecepit,  Ch.  8. 

Page  20.  2-  auxilio  :  ci.  fulmine, 
Bk.  I,  4. 

vicit:  although  the  loss  of  the 
Romans  was  nearly  equaled  by  that 
of  Pyrrhus,  the  value  of  winning  the 
first  battle  was  at  once  shown  by  the 
fact  that  the  Lucanians,  Bruttians, 
Samnites,  and  all  the  Greek  cities 
joined  Pyrrhus. 

6.  quoB  .  .  .  vidisset:  'and when 
he  saw  them  lying '  ;  quos  =  et  eos  ; 
cf.  quo  morbb  mortud,  lik.  I,  10. 

adverse  vulnere :  '  with  their 
wounds  in  front';  i.e.  they  died 
facing  the  enemy. 

8.  hac  voce :  lit.  '  this  voice ' 
=  '  these  words.' 

Ch.  12.  10.  sibi :  cf .  Tuscis  Sam- 
nitibusqufi,  Ch.  10. 

13.  terrore  exercitus:  'on  ac- 
count of  his  fear  of  the  army  '  ;  note 
the  difference  in  meaning  between 
the  Subjective  and  Objective  Geni- 
tive ;  H.  440,  2  (.306,  III);  M.  216,  1  ; 
A.  &Ct.  217;  G.  363,2;  B.  200. 

14.  s§  recepit :  lit.  '  he  took  him- 
self back  '  =  '  he  withdrew.'  This 
march  was  merely  a  feint  on  the 
part  of  Pyrrhus. 

15.  honorifice:  the  Komans  al- 
ways regarded  Pyrrhus  as  an  honor- 
able enemy.  Their  feelings  towards 
Hannibal  were  entirely  different.. 

17.  Fabricium:  C.  Fdbricius  Ln- 
scinus.  He  was  consul  for  the  first 
time  283  n.o.,  when  he  triumphed 
over  the   Boii  and  Etrurians.      He 


was  noted  for  his  extreme  frugality 
and  simplicity,  as  well  as  for  his  in- 
tegrity. He  is  cited  by  Cicero  and 
Horace  as  a  type  of  the  Roman  citi- 
zens of  the  best  days  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. 

18.  cognovisset :  cf.  latrdcind- 
retur,  Bk.  I,  1. 

19.  voluerit :  cf.  habuerit,  Bk.  I, 
11. 

Ch.  13.  25.  pax  displicuit :  it  is 
said  that  at  first  the  senate  wavered  ; 
but  by  the  energy  of  the  blind  and 
aged  Appius  Claudius,  who  caused 
himself  to  be  carried  into  the  senate 
house,  their  courage  was  revived. 

remandatum  est :  '  word  was 
sent  back.' 

Page  21.  1  •  nisi  .  .  .  posse :  this 
answer  passed  into  a  maxim  of  state. 

4.  ante  .  .  .  quam  :  note  the  fond- 
ness of  the  Latin  for  separating  the 
parts  of  this  and  other  compounds 
of  the  same  nature. 

veterem :  '  former.' 

binorum  :  '  two  apiece.' 

6.  qualem :  predicate  to  Bomam  ; 
'  what  sort  (of  a  city)  he  had  found 
Rome  (to  be),' 

7.  comperisset,  cf.  atjerentur. 
Ch.  11. 

Ch.  14.  18.  occisuniin :  cf.  note 
on  promittentes  .  .  .  implejidum, 
Bk.  I,  Ch.  16. 

SI  .  .  .  aliquid:  'if  something.' 
polliceretur :  Imperf.  Subjunc- 
tive representing  the  Future  Indi- 
cative in  Direct  Discourse ;  H.  574, 
646  (507,  I,  527,  I)  ;  M.  363,  1,  402  ; 
A.  &  G.  307,  1,  337,  «,  3  ;  G.  696, 
u.  1  ;  B.  319,  B. 


Pages  21-23] 


NOTES 


119 


19.  dominum :  indicating  that 
tlie  physician  was  a  slave,  as  was 
usual  at  that  time. 

23.  Lucanis  et  Samnltibus: 
they,  with  the  Bruttii,  had  joined 
Pyrrhus  against  Rome.  This  was 
the  second  triumph  of  Fabricius  ; 
cf.  note  on  Fabricius,  Ch.  12.  He 
was  consul  the  third  time  two  years 
after. 

Page  22.  2.  primus:  'he  was 
the  first  to. ' 

3.  apud  Argos :  it  is  said  that  he 
perished  ingloriously  in  a  street 
light,  272  B.C. 

Ch.  15.  6.  urbis  conditae :  cf . 
ah  urbe  conditd,  Bk.  I,  Ch.  18, 

8.  petierant  for  petiverant:  the 
shorter  forms  are  more  usual  in  tliis 
verb. 

Cn,  16.  11.  de  his:  cf.  de  Jus, 
Bk.  I,  Ch.  11. 

12.  civitates  =  urbes :  see  note 
on  conditd  cwitdte,  Bk.  I,  Ch.  2. 

Beneventum :  its  name  is  said  to 
have  been  originally  Maleveutum, 
and  to  have  been  changed  because 
of  the  evil  omen  it  contained.  The 
name  Beneventum  was  given  it  in 
271  B.C.  Here  Fabricius  defeated 
Pyrrhus  275  b.c.  It  remained  a 
possession  of  the  Romans  during 
the  whole  of  the  Second  Punic  War 
and  was  thanked  by  the  senate  for 
its  faithfulness  during  that  critical 
period. 

Ch.  17.  1().  Brundisini :  the  peo- ! 
pie    of     Brundisium,   -the    modern  | 
Brindisi.     It  was  a  seaport  of  Ca-  | 
labria,  the  chief  naval  station  of  the 
Romans  on   the  Adriatic  Sea,  and  | 


their  regular  port  of  departure  for 
Greece. 

Ch.  18.  17.  anno  :  sc.  ab  urbe 
conditd. 

18.  extra  Italiam  :  '  the  Roman 
power  was  now  dominant  through- 
out the  peninsula  to  the  river  Aesis  ; 
the  valley  of  the  Po,  however,  was 
still  reckoned  a  part  of  Gaul.' 

24.  contra  Afros :  i.e.  Cartha- 
ginians. Carthage  was  one  of  the 
first  cities  of  the  ancient  world.  It 
was  situated  on  the  north  coast  of 
Africa,  and  was  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  Phoenicians  from  Tyre 
under  the  leadership  of  Dido. 
Carthage  had  been  the  ally  of 
Rome  in  the  war  against  Pyrrhus. 
But  the  growing  commercial  activity 
of  Carthage  caused  jealousy  to  arise 
which  resulted  in  the  three  wars 
for  the  supremacy  of  the  West,  — 
known  as  the  Punic  wars.  The  first 
was  from  264  e.c.  to  241  b.c.  The 
second  218-202  b.c.  and  the  third 
149-146  B.C.  It  resulted  in  the  cap- 
ture and  destruction  of  Carthage  by 
the  Romans  under  P.  Cornelius 
Scipio  Africanus.  Creighton,  Ch. 
III. 

26.  rege  Siciliae  Hierone : 
Hiero  was  the  king  of  Syracuse  and 
its  dependencies.  Nearly  all  the 
rest  of  Sicily  was  in  the  power  of 
the  Carthaginians. 

Page  23.  Ch.  19.  2.  res  mag- 
nae :  '  great  operations. ' 

3.  in  fidem  acceptae  :  sc.  siint ; 
'  were  taken  under  their  protection  '  ; 
i.e.  they  were  made  tributary. 

Ch.  20. 11.  Liburnas  :  sc.  naves; 


120 


NOTES 


[Pages  23-25 


these  were  light  vessels  built  after  a 
model  taken  from  the  Liburnians, 
a  sea-faring  people  that  lived  on 
the  east  coast  of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

12.  Duilius :  the  victory  of  Dui- 
lius  was  due  to  a  device  by  which  he 
turned  a  naval  battle  into  a  land 
contest.  His  ships  were  furnished 
with  grappling  irons,  by  means  of 
which  he  seized  the  ships  of  the 
enemy  and  then  boarded  them, 
when  the  Roman  soldiers  easily 
proved  themselves  superior  to  the 
Carthaginian  mercenaries.  It  was 
the  first  naval  victory  the  Romans 
had  ever  gained,  and  in  honor  of  it 
a  column  was  erected  to  the  memory 
of  Duilius. 

17.  poasent :  ctpugndsset^Ch.S. 

19.  inde  —  ex  his  locis :  '  from 
these  places.' 

20.  triumphum  egit ;  '  he  cele- 
brated a  triumpli.' 

Ch.  21.  23.  pugnatum  :  sc.  est ; 
'  they  fought.' 

victus  eat :  'he  (Hamilcar)  was 
conquered.' 

24.  retro  ae  recSpit  :  cf.  se  re- 
repit,  Ch.  12. 

Page  24.  1-  ^  deditionem  ac- 
cep§runt :  '  they  received  in  sur- 
render.' 

2.  daque  ad:  lit.  'even  up  to' 
=  '  as  far  as. ' 

6.  decern  et  octo :  cf.  decern  et 
octOy  Bk.  I,  Ch.  1. 

8.  in  fidem  accepit :  cf .  in  Jidem 
acceptiie,  Ch.  19. 

11.  a  Lacedaemoniia :  cf.  Pyr- 
rhum  .  .  .  auxiliiim  poposcernnt^ 
Ch.  11.     The  Spartans  were  called 


Lacedaemonii  from  Lacedaemon, 
another  name  for  Sparta. 

Ch.  22.  22.  ingenti  praedS: 
after  a  victory  a  portion  of  the 
booty  generally  was  divided  among 
the  soldiers. 

23.  aubacta  .  .  .  fuiaaet:  cf. 
questa  fiiisset,  Bk.  I,  8. 

30.  neque  .  .  .  infractua  fuit : 
lit.  '  neither  in  any  one  was  courage 
broken  by  these '  =  '  and  no  one's 
courage  was  broken  by  these  (mis- 
fortunes) . ' 

hia:  sc.  cdsibtts. 

Page  25.  Ch.  23.  4.  continuae : 
'  repeated '  ;  one  following  another 
without  any  break. 

6.  recSderStur :  lit.  '  it  should 
be  withdrawn '  =  '  they  should  with- 
draw. ' 

Ch.  24.  8.  Metello  :  a  coin  was 
struck  to  commemorate  this  battle, 
having  the  head  of  Metellus  on  the 
one  side  and  an  elephant  on  the 
other.  Metellus  was  consul  a  second 
time  in  249  n.c,  and  was  elected 
Pontifex  Maximus  in  243  u.c.  In 
241  ij.c.  he  rescued  the  Palladium 
when  the  Teini^lo  of  Vesta  was  on 
tire. 

10.  venientem  :  '  on  his  arrival ' ; 
in  Sicily  from  Africa. 

12.  in  auzilium  :  lit.  '  for  aid '  = 
'  as  auxiliaries.' 

13.  ingenti  pompa  :  cf.  ultima 
peniicie,  Ch.  21. 

Ch.  25.  17.  obtinSret :  '  obtain  ' ; 
a  late  meaning. 

18.  nihil  .  .  .  ggit :  '  did  not  act 
at  all  * ;  i.e.  he  made  no  use  of  the 
privileges  enjoyed  by  Roman  citi- 


Pages  25-27] 


NOTES 


121 


zens,  but  acted  as  a  foreigner  on  the 
ground  that  he  had  lost  his  citizen- 
ship when  he  had  been  captured  by 
tlie  enemy.  It  was  so  provided  by 
Roman  law,  but  there  was  also  the 
provision  that  when  a  prisoner  re- 
turned he  recovered  his  former 
status.  The  story  of  the  return  of 
llegulus  is  more  than  doubtful. 

20.  uxorem :  according  to  the 
view  he  took  she  had  ceased  to  be 
his  wife. 

Page  26.  ^  ■  obtinuit : '  he  gained 
his  point.' 

2.  nuUus  admisit :  '  no  one  ad- 
mitted (to  the  senate)';  i.e.  the 
Romans  refused  to  admit  the  am- 
bassadors. 

3.  negavit  =  dixit  non. 

4.  mansunim  :  se.  esse. 

Cii.  26.  8.  contra  auspicia  : 
nothing  was  undertaken  by  the  Ro- 
mans without  consulting  the  will  of 
the  gods.  In  this  case  the  sacred 
chickens  refused  to  eat,  this  being 
an  unfavorable  omen,  yet  Claudius 
persisted  in  fighting. 

11.  alius:  in  classical  Latin  a?<67' 
would  have  been  used ;  cf .  alii  .  .  . 
alii,  Bk.  I,  4.     L.  Junius  is  meant. 

Ch.  27.  15.  trecentis  navibus  : 
this  fleet  was  not  raised  by  the  state, 
but  by  private  subscription.  The 
number  is  generally  given  as  200. 

18.  navem  aeger  ascendit : '  em- 
barked with  difficulty.' 

vulneratus  .  .  .  fuerat :  cf . 
qnesta  fuisset,  Bk.  I,  8. 

22.  infinTtuin :  '  a  very  great 
(amount).' 

aurl :  cf.  arqent'i,  Ch.  19. 


24.  VI  Idus  Martias  :  the  full 
expression  would  be  ante  diem  sex- 
tum  Idiis  Manias;  cf.  XI  Kal. 
Mfiids,  Bk.  I,  1. 

25.  tributa  .  .  .  pax :  peace 
was  granted  finally  on  these  terms  : 
Carthage  was  to  evacuate  Sicily,  to 
give  up  the  Roman  prisoners  with- 
out ransom,  and  to  pay  a  war  indem- 
nity of  3,200  talents,— $4,000,000, 
—  one  third  down  and  the  remain- 
der in  ten  annual  payments. 

Pagk  27.  1-  liceret :  '  it  might 
be  permitted  ' ;  the  subject  is  redimi 
captivos. 

4.  redirent :  iuheo  generally  takes 
the  Accusative  and  Infinitive,  but  in 
poetry  and  in  late  prose  it  sometimes 
takes  lit  with  the  Subjunctive. 

5.  ex  flscd :  '  from  the  treas- 
ury ' ;  a  late  meaning. 

Ch.  28.  6.  Q.  LutStius:  Cerco. 
A.  Manlius  :   Torqudtus. 
8.  quam  venerant :    '  after  they, 
had  come.' 

Book  III 

Ch.  1.  12.  Ptolemaeum :  this 
was  the  famous  Ptolemy  Philadel- 
phus.  He  was  engaged  in  war  with 
Antiochus  II,  king  of  Syria,  for  a 
long  time,  but  finally  concluded 
peace  with  him  and  gave  him  his 
daughter  in  marriage.  He  was 
noted  for  his  patronage  of  litera- 
ture and  science. 

14.  Antiochus:  this  was  the 
name  of  several  kings  of  Syria.  The 
one  referred  to  here  was  Antiochus 
II,  called  Theos. 

grStias  .  .   .  §git :  '  gave  thanks. ' 


122 


NOTES 


[Pages  27,  28 


16.  Hiero :  more  properly  the 
king  of  Syracuse  (See  Bk.  II,  18, 
19).  During  his  reign  tlie  cele- 
brated mathematician  Archimedes 
lived.  He  became  the  firm  ally  of 
the  Romans,  and  when  the  Second 
Punic  War  broke  out  he  remained 
true  to  his  alliance.  After  the  battle 
of  Lake  Trasimenus  he  sent  a  fleet 
with  provisions  and  other  gifts  to 
the  Romans  and  also  furnished  them 
with  a  body  of  light  troops. 

18.  exhibuit :  lit.  'held  out' = 
'  presented.' 

Ch.  2.  19.  quibus :  sc.  annis ; 
cf.  tempore,  Ch.  1. 

20.  Ligures :  they  inhabited  the 
upper  part  of  the  Po  valley.  They 
were  of  small  stature,  but  strong, 
active,  and  brave.  In  early  times 
they  served  as  mercenaries  in  the 
armies  of  Carthage.  Tliey  were  not 
subdued  finally  by  the  Romans  until 
a^fter  a  long  and  fierce  struggle. 
Genua  was  their  chief  city. 

21.  dg  his:  cf.  de  his,  Bk.  I,  11. 
Page  28.  1-  Sardinienses :  when 

a  revolt  occurred  in  Sardinia,  Rome 
took  advantage  of  the  exhausted 
condition  of  Carthage,  and  de- 
manded the  surrender  of  the  island 
and  an  additional  indenuiity  of 
1 2(M)  talents  ($1 ,500,000).  Corsica 
was  obtained  in  a  similar  manner. 
This  was  the  beginning  of  the  Ro- 
man provincial  system.  Each  prov- 
ince was  governed  by  a  praetor  and 
paid  taxes  to  the  Roman  people. 
Hume  and  Carthage,  p.  102  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  39. 
3.      impellentSs :       nominative 


agreeing  with  Karthdginienses  and 
governing  Sardinienses. 

Ch.  3.  7.  nullum  bellum  habue- 
runt :  at  Rome  there  was  the  so- 
called  Temple  of  Janus,  the  gates  of 
which  were  open  in  time  of  war  and 
closed  in  time  of  peace.  The  gates 
were  closed  only  three  times  from 
the  building  of  the  temple  by  Numa 
to  Augustus,  viz.  by  T.  Manlius,  2:55 
B.C.,  and  by  Augustus  in  29  and  25 

B.C. 

8.  semel  tantum  :  'only  once.' 

Numa  Pompilio  regnante  :  cf. 
conditd  civitate,  Bk.  I,  2. 

Ch.  4.  10.  illyrios:  the  Illyri- 
ans  lived  on  the  eastern  side  of  the 
Adriatic  Sea.  They  were  a  nation 
(jf  pirates,  and  made  the  whole  Adri- 
atic and  Ionian  sea«  unsafe  for  com- 
merce. Even  the  towns  on  the 
coast  were  not  safe  from  their 
ravages.  The  Romans  sent  a  force 
against  them  and  compelled  them  to 
give  up  their  conquests  and  to  make 
peace. 

11.  ex  illyriis:  de  I llyrfis  would 
be  more  common. 

Ch.  5.  V).  Gallorum :  the  Ro- 
mans, recalling  the  terrible  battle 
of  Allia,  Bk.  I,  20,  were  panic- 
stricken  at  first.  A  large  army  was 
raised  and  stationed  at  Ariminum, 
where  the  first  attack  was  expected. 
But  the  Gauls  passed  around  the 
Roman  army,  and,  falling  in  with  a 
small  reserve  force,  utterly  defeated 
it.  Instead  of  hastening  to  Rome, 
tliey  resolved  to  put  their  plunder  in 
a  place  of  safety.  The  Roman  army 
following   them    met    them   finally 


Pages  28,  29] 


NOTES 


123 


near  Telamon,  where  the  decisive 
battle  was  fought,  and  the  Gauls 
were  annihilated. 

14.  consensit :  'united.' 

15.  Fabio  :  Q.  Fabiiis  Pictor,  the 
earliest  of  the  annalists.  He  wrote 
in  Greek  an  account  of  the  early 
history  of  Rome.  He  is  frequently 
quoted  by  Livy. 

17.  tantum  :  'alone.' 

Ch.  6.  20.  M.  Claudio  Mar- 
cello  :  he  was  live  times  consul. 
This  was  his  first  consulship.  He 
was  one  of  the  chief  generals  of  the 
Romans  in  the  Second  Punic  War. 
He  captured  Syracuse  after  a  siege 
of  two  years  (Clis.  12,  14).  He  fell 
in  battle  208  b.c,  and  was  buried 
by  the  enemy  with  military  honors 
(Ch.  K)). 

24.  Mediolanum :  the  modern 
Milan. 

expugnavit :  note  the  difference 
between  expugno  and  oppufftw. 

26.  spolia  :  called  op'ima,  were  the 
arms  taken  from  a  hostile  general 
by  a  Roman  general  commanding 
under  his  own  auspices.  They  were 
hung  in  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Feretrius  on  the  Capitol.  This 
temple  is  said  to  have  been  built 
by  Romulus,  who  inaugurated  the 
custom.  They  were  won  on  only 
two  subsequent  occasions,  when 
A.  Cornelius  Cossus  killed  Lars 
Tolumnius,  king  of  the  Veii  (Bk.  I, 
19),  and  the  time  mentioned  in  this 
chapter. 

Page  29.  <^"-  7.4.  bellum  Puni- 
cum  secundum  :  immediately  after 
the  end  of  the  Fii-st  Punic  War  the 


Carthaginian.s  began  to  prepare  for  a 
renewal  of  the  struggle  against  Rome. 
Hamilcar,  the  father  of  Hannibal, 
crossed  over  into  Spain  and  con- 
quered a  large  part  of  it.  Probably 
it  was  his  intention  to  make  this 
province  the  basis  of  operations 
against  Italy.  But  death  prevented 
the  realization  of  his  plans.  Has- 
drubal,  his  son-in-law,  took  com- 
mand of  the  empire  Hamilcar  had 
founded  in  Spain,  and  organized  and 
enlarged  it.  He  founded  the  city  of 
New  Carthage,  which  from  its  situa- 
tion seemed  destined  to  become  a 
second  Carthage  in  commercial  im- 
portance. In  221  15. c.  he  was  assas- 
sinated. At  his  death  the  command 
was  turned  over  to  Hannibal,  the 
idol  of  the  army  and  the  sworn 
enemy  of  the  Romans.  Active 
preparations  were  made.  Forces 
were  assembled,  supplies  were  pre- 
pared, and  when  all  was  ready  Han- 
nibal gave  the  signal  for  war  by  be- 
sieging Saguntum. 

per  Hannibalem  :  cf.  per  f'llids, 
Bk.  1,  (5. 

5.  Saguntum :  a  town  on  the 
southern  coast  of  Spain,  said  to  have 
been  founded  by  the  Greeks  as  a 
trading  post.  It  was  in  alliance 
with  the  Romans,  although  by  the 
terms  of  the  last  treaty  with  the 
Carthaginians  independence  was 
secured  to  the  Sagun tines  by  both 
parties.  The  capture  of  this  town 
was  the  first  hostile  act  of  the  war. 
JRome  and  Carthage,  p.  112  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  40. 

7.  amium  .  .  .  aetatis:lit.  'pass- 


124 


NOTES 


[Pages  29,  30 


ing  the  twentieth  year  of  his  life '  = 
'  being  twenty  years  of  age '  ;  cf. 
decern  et  odd  annos  ndtus,  Bk.  I,  1. 

10.  miserunt :  sc.  legdtos. 

ut  mandaretur :  lit.  '  that  it  might 
be  commanded '  =  '  that  instructions 
might  be  given.' 

11.  dura  respdnsa :  the  story  is 
told  that  when  Q.  Fabius,  the  chief 
of  the  embassy,  held  up  his  toga, 
saying,  'I  carry  here  peace  and 
war :  choose  ye  which  ye  will  have.' 
'Give  us  which  ever  you  please,' 
replied  the  Carthaginians.  '  War, 
then,'  said  Fabius  ;  and  the  decision 
was  greeted  by  the  short-sighted 
acclamations  of  the  masses. 

13.  adficiuntur:  historical  Present. 
Cn.  8.    15.   in   Hispaniam :    cf. 
llomam,  Ch.  2. 

16.  Ti.  Sempronlus  :  sc.  Longus. 

17.  Alpes:  there  is  a  disagree- 
ment as  to  the  pass  by  which  Han- 
nibal entered  Italy.  Probably  he 
crossed  by  the  Little  St.  Bernard 
pass,  and  came  into  Italy  near  the 
present  town  of  Aosta.  Creighton, 
p.  41  ;  Borne  and  Carthage,  p.  118. 

19.  LXXX  milia  peditum  :  the 
number  of  the  forces  of  Haimibal 
given  here  is  taken  from  L.  Cincius 
Alimentus,  a  Roman  annalist.  He 
was  captured  by  Hannibal,  and  so 
had  excellent  opportunities  for  gain- 
ing information. 

21.  Sempronius  Gracchus:  a 
mistake  of  Eutropius.  It  was  Ti. 
Sempronius  Longus.  In  the  next 
chapter  it  should  be  Sempro7uns  Lon- 
gus'mntend  of  SmnproniusCirarchns. 

Ch.  9.  28.  P.  CornSlius  Scipio  : 


at  the  beginning  of  the  war  he  set 
out  for  Spain,  Ch.  8,  but  finding 
that  Hannibal  had  already  left  and 
was  on  his  way  to  Italy,  he  went  to 
Gaul  to  encounter  the  Carthaginian 
before  he  should  cross  the  Alps. 
Hannibal  was  too  quick  for  him. 
Scipio  returned  to  Italy  and  awaited 
the  arrival  of  the  Carthaginians  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul.  Near  the  river  Ti- 
cinus,  one  of  the  northern  tributaries 
of  the  Po,  the  first  engagement  of 
the  war  took  place.  The  Romans 
were  defeated  ;  Scipio  received  a 
severe  wound,  and  was  only  saved 
from  death  by  the  courage  of  his 
son  Publius,  the  future  conqueroi-  of 
Hannibal.  P.  Scipio  and  his  brother 
Gnaeus  were  killed  in  Spain,  Ch.  14. 
Home  and  Carthage,  p.  127;  Creigh- 
ton, p.  43. 

Page  30.  1-  apud  Trebiam  am- 
nem :  the  Trebia  is  a  small  stream 
flowing  into  the  Po  from  the  south. 
For  an  account  of  the  battle  see 
Home  and  Carthage,  p.  130  ;  Creigh- 
ton, p.  43. 

2.  mvilti .  .  .  dediderunt :  it  was 
Hannibal's  policy  to  encourage  the 
communities  subject  to  Rome  to 
revolt  and  to  attach  themselves  to 
his  standard.  Everywhere  he  pro- 
claimed himself  to  be  the  '  Liberator 
of  Italy.' 

3.  Fltminid  .  .  .  occurrit :  this 
battle  took  place  in  the  following 
year,  217  n.c.  Hannibal  wintered 
in  the  plains  of  Lombardy,  and  at 
the  approach  of  spring  attempted  to 
cross  the  Apennines.  He  was  driven 
back  by  a  violent  storm,  and  was 


Page  30] 


NOTES 


125 


forced  to  return  to  his  winter  quar- 
ters. Later  in  the  year  he  passed 
the  mountains  and  marched  into 
Etruria,  where  he  was  met  by  the 
Romans  under  Flaminius,  who  had 
been  elected  consul  for  that  year,  in 
the  battle  of  Lake  Trasimenus,  in 
which  the  Romans  were  utterly  de- 
feated, and  almost  the  whole  force 
was  annihilated.  Borne  and  Car- 
thage^ p.  138  ;  Creighton,  p.  43. 

6.  Q.  Fabius  Maximus :  was 
the  great-grandson  of  the  Q.  Fabius 
Maximus  mentioned  in  Bk.  II,  8, 
and  grandson  of  the  Q.  Fabius  men- 
tioned in  Bk.  II,  9.  He  was  one  of 
the  greatest  generals  of  Rome.  He 
was  chosen  dictator  in  217  u.c, 
after  the  battle  of  Lake  Trasimenus. 
The  policy  he  adopted  is  well  known. 
By  following  Hannibal  from  place  to 
place,  by  watching  for  any  error  or 
neglect  on  his  part  and  immediately 
taking  advantage  of  it,  and  by  avoid- 
ing a  general  engagement,  he  earned 
for  himself  the  name  of  Cunctator, 
'delayer,'  but  he  saved  the  state. 
In  216  B.C.  he  was  elected  consul 
again,  and  again  employed  the  same 
tactics.  In  210  b.c,  when  he  was 
consul  for  the  fifth  time,  he  recap- 
tured Tarentum  by  stratagem  (Ch. 
16).  He  opposed  the  sending  of 
Scipio  to  Africa,  saying  that  Italy 
ought  to  be  rid  of  Hannibal  first. 

eum  .  .  .  fregit  =  ab  impetu  cum 
prohibuit ;  '  prevented  him  from  at- 
tacking in  force.' 

differendo  pugnam :  'by  post- 
poning battle':  i.e.  by  avoiding  a 
decisive  engagement. 


Ch.   10.  8.  quadraggsimo :  Eu- 

tropius  is  mistaken  in  the  date ;  it 
was  216  B.C. 

9.  L.  Aemilius  Paulus:  father  of 
the  L.  Aemilius  Paulus  mentioned  in 
Bk.  IV,  6,  7.  He  had  distinguished 
himself  in  his  former  consulship 
in  the  war  against  the  Illyrians. 
Against  his  advice  the  battle  of 
Canae  was  fought,  and,  refusing  to 
fly  from  the  field  when  the  battle 
was  lost,  he  was  slain.  He  was  an 
aristocrat,  and  was  raised  to  the 
consulship  by  that  party  to  counter- 
balance the  influence  of  the  plebeian 
P.  Terentius  Varro. 

13.  impatientia  Varronis :  the 
aristocracy  laid  all  the  blame  of  the 
defeat  on  Varro. 

14.  Cannae  :  a  town  of  Apulia  to 
the  south  of  the  Aufidus,  about  half- 
way between  Canusium  and  the  sea. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  important 
battles  of  the  war.  Although  the 
Romans  greatly  outnumbered  the 
Carthaginians,  by  the  skillful  ma- 
neuvers of  Hannibal,  they  were 
surrounded  on  all  sides  and  were 
cut  down  without  mercy.  "For 
eight  hours  the  work  of  destruction 
went  on,  and  at  the  end  60,000 
men  lay  dead  upon  the  ground. 
Aemilius  Paulus,  the  Illyrian  hero, 
who,  though  wounded  by  a  sling 
early  in  the  day,  had  clung  to  his 
horse,  heartening  on  his  men,  till  he 
dropped  exhausted  from  his  saddle, 
the  proconsul  Servilius,  the  late 
high-spirited  master  of  the  horse, 
Minucius,  both  quaestors,  twenty- 
one  military  tribunes,  sixty  senators, 


126 


NOTES 


[Paoes  30-32 


and  an  unknown  number  of  knights 
were  among  the  slain.  Nearly  20,000 
Koman  prisoners  were  taken.  Of 
the  rest,  Varro,  with  a  few  horsemen 
only,  escaped  to  Venusia.  Amid  all 
this  slaughter  the  conqueror  had  lost 
only  5500  of  his  infantry  and  but 
200  of  that  matchless  cavalry  to 
whom  the  victory  was  mainly  due." 
Borne  and  Cartharjp.,^).  100;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  44. 

16.  pars  de  exercitu  =  pars  ex- 
ercitus ;  a  very  rare  usage. 

18.  accept!  sunt :  '  were  han- 
dled' ;  an  ircmical  use  of  the  word. 

20.  nobiles  viri  :  men  Avhose  an- 
cestors had  held  high  office. 

22,  menti5nem  habSre  :  usually 
mentidneni  facere. 

quod  numquam  ante  :  sc.  fac- 
tum erat. 

23.  manumissl :  sc.  sunt;  they 
were  liberated  because  none  but 
freemen  could  serve  in  the  Roman 
legions. 

Ch.  11.  24.  multae  Italiae  civi- 
tates :  "  chiefly  Samnites  and  other 
south  Italian  slates.  The  Greek 
cities  held  to  Rome,  and  '  not  one 
Roman  citizen,  nor  one  Latin  com- 
munity, had  joined  Hannibal.'  " 

TAdK  31.  2.  variis  supplicils : 
probably  the  Romans  exaggerated 
the  cruelty  and  treachery  of  Han- 
nibal. 

3.  anuloriim :  these  rings  were 
the  distinctive  badges  of  the  knights 
and  senators. 

7.  duobus  Scipionibus :  P.  Cor- 
nelius and  (inaeus,  the  father  and 
uncle  of  P.  Scipio  Africanus.     For 


the  campaign  in  Spain  see  Borne 
and  Carthage,  p.  183. 

Ch.  12.  12.  anno  quarto  post- 
quam  :  H.  486  (429)  ;  M.  243,  1  ; 
A.  &  G.  256;  G.  393;  B.  223;  cf. 
aliquot  ann'is  post,  Ch.  6. 

13.  Marcellus :  see  note  on  31. 
Claudiu  MdrceUd^  Ch.  0. 

civitatem  =  urhem;  cf.  conditd 
c'lvitdte,  Pk.  1,  2. 

16.  rex  Macedoniae  Philippus  : 
although  I'hilip  promised  aid,  he 
never  gave  it.  Owing,  to  his  fre- 
quent struggles  with  the  states  of 
Greece,  and  the  invasion  of  Macedo- 
nia by  the  Romans,  he  was  compelled 
to  devote  his  undivided  attention  to 
preserving  his  realm. 

21.  proconsulem  :  '  ex-consul ' ; 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term  of 
office -the  consul  was  given  a  prov- 
ince to  govern,  under  the  title  of 
proconsul. 

22.  ea:  the  antecedent  is -S'ardmia. 
Ch.   13.  25.  Hispaniis:  the  two 

divisions  of  Spain,  Hither  and 
Further. 

28.  missus  fuerat :  cf.  questa 
fuisset,  Bk.  I,  8. 

Pa(.e  32.  3-  et  Hasdrubalem : 
'including  Hasdrubal.' 

Ch.  14.  8.  ad  .  .  .  urbis  :  cf. 
ad  quinlum  milidrium  urbfs,  Bk.  I, 
15.  This  was  merely  a  feint  on  the 
part  of  Hannibal  to  draw  the  Ro- 
mans away  from  Capua,  which  they 
were  besieging,  to  the  defense  of 
IJome.  Borne  and  Carthage,  p. 
187. 

12.  per  multos  annos :  cf.  p^r 
anmun,  Bk.  I,  10. 


Pages  32-34] 


NOTES 


127 


16.  nobilissima  urbs  Syracus- 

ana  :  "  So  fell  Syracuse,  the  virgin 
city,  which  had  seen  two  Athenian 
armaments  perish  beneath  its  walls 
which  had  for  centuries  saved  Sicily 
from  becoming  altogether,  what  its 
greater  part  then  was,  a  ('arthagin- 
iau  appanage.  ...  It  fell  to  rise 
no  more,  at  least  to  its  former  opu- 
lence. Its  temples  were  left  stand- 
ing, because  they  would  not  pay  for 
moving  ;  .  .  .  but  the  choicest  works 
of  art  were  swept  off  to  adorn  the 
imperial  city."  Borne  and  Carthage, 
p.  181. 

22.  in  deditionem  accepit :  cf. 
in  deditionem  acceperunt,  Bk.  II,  21. 

24.  consulem :  he  was  praetor, 
not  consul.  He  was  surprised  by 
Hannibal  and  slain  before  Herdonia. 

PAr.E  33.  Cir.  15.  2.  P.  Corne- 
lius Scipio  :  he  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  characters  in  Roman 
history.  Brilliant  and  versatile,  he 
seemed  to  be  the  favorite  of  fortune. 
When  the  senate  had  resolved  to 
make  one  more  attempt  to  conquer 
Spain  and  were  looking  for  a  leader, 
he  offered  himself  and  was  sent  with 
1 1 ,000  men.  On  his  arrival  he  found 
the  forces  of  the  Carthaginians  scat- 
tered in  different  parts  of  the  prov- 
ince, and  New  Carthage  defended 
by  a  weak  garrison.  By  a  brilliant 
stratagem  he  captured  this  with  its 
riches  and  munitions  of  war,  207  b.  c. 
Next  he  attacked  Hasdrubal  at  Bae- 
cula  in  Andalusia.  Although  the 
Romans  claimed  the  victory,  Has- 
drubal escaped  from  his  hands  and 
started  for  Italy  to  bear  aid  to  his 


brother  Hannibal.  Spain  was  left 
to  the  undisputed  possession  of  the 
Romans. 

3.  annos  natus  .  .  .  viginti :  cf . 
decern  .  .  .  ndtus,Bk.  J,l.  He  was 
too  young  to  be  elected  to  the  con- 
sulship. 

5.  fere  primus :  '  almost  the 
first.' 

Karthaginem  Hispaniae :  called 
'  New  Carthage.'  See  note  on  hel- 
ium Punicum  semuidum^  Ch.  7.  A 
town  still  exists  on  the  same  spot 
bearing  the  name  Cartagena. 

11.  uno  animo  :  'with  one  ac- 
cord.' 

Cn.  16.  14.  Q.  Fabius  Maxi- 
mus  :  see  note  on  Q.  Fahio  Maximo,, 
Ch.  {). 

17.  pecuiiiam  hominum  ven- 
ditorum  :  '  the  money  derived  from 
the  sale  of  the  prisoners.' 

18.  ad  fiscum :  cf.  ex  fisco,  Bk. 
II,  27. 

21.  egregias  res  :  '  extraordi- 
nary exploits.' 

perse  :  cf.  perfllids,  Bk.  I,  6. 

22.  L.  Scipionem:  became  fa- 
mous for  his  victories  in  the  East, 
Bk.  IV,  4. 

23.  Claudius  Marcellus :  see 
note  on  M.  Claudio  3IdrceUd,  Ch.  6. 

Cn.  17.  26.  res  inclitas:  cf. 
egregias  res,  Ch.  16. 

Page  34.  1-  ^^  amicitiam  ac- 
cepit: cf.  in  deditionem  acceperunt, 
Bk.  II,  21.  It  meant  practical  sub- 
jection in  either  case. 

a  victo  :  sc.  lioste. 

2.  obsides  non  poposcit-  by 
pursuing  the  opposite  course  to  that 


128 


NOTES 


[Pages  34-36 


of  the  Carthaginians  he  hoped  to  win 
over  the  Spaniards. 

Ch.  18.  3.  desperans :  '  giving 
up  the  hope.' 

t>.  a  consulibus:  construe  with 
insidids  compositds. 

7.  apud  Senam  :  one  of  the  crit- 
ical battles  of  the  world's  history. 
It  is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  the  Metaurus,  from  the  name  of 
the  river  near  which  it  wan  fought. 
The  messenger  sent  by  Hasdrubal  to 
inform  his  brother  Hannibal  of  his 
coming  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Komans.  Nero,  leaving  a  part  of 
his  forces  to  watch  Hannibal,  with 
a  picked  band  hastened  north,  joined 
the  force  under  Salinator,  defeated 
Hasdrubal,  who  perished  in  the  bat- 
tle, and  returned  to  his  army  in 
Apulia  before  Hannibal  discovered 
his  absence.  It  is  said  that  he  or- 
dered the  severed  head  of  Hasdrubal 
to  be  flung  into  the  camp  of  Hanni- 
bal. He  "recognized  tlie  features 
of  the  brother  whom  he  had  so  long 
and  eagerly  expected,  and  in  them 
sadly  saw  the  doom  of  Carthage." 
Home  and  Carthage,  p.  190  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  45. 

12.  ingcns  animus  accessit : 
lit.  '  great  courage  came  to  in  ad- 
dition' =  'great  courage  was  in- 
spired in.' 

et  ipsi  =  etiam  :  cf.  et  ipse,  Bk. 
1,8. 

Ch.  20.  10.  in  Africam  missus: 
the  senate,  led  by  Fabius,  opposed 
the  sending  of  Scipio,  but  the  people 
forced  that  body  to  accede  to  their 
demands.     Owing  to  the  opposition 


Scipio  was  not  as  well  equipped  for 
the  expedition  as  he  should  have 
been. 

divinum  quiddam :    '  something 

divine.'     The  ancients  believed  that 

great  men  were    inspired    by  the 

gods.      Scipio    pretended    to    hold 

communication  with  Jupiter  Capito- 

linus.     Probably    he    merely    took 

advantage  of  a  popular  superstition. 

24.  Syphacem :      Syphax      had 

driven  Masinissa,   a  Lybian  king, 

!  from  his  throne.     Masinissa  joined 

!  Scipio  on  his  arrival  in  Africa  and 

I  gave  him  valuable  aid.     When  the 

war  was  ended  Masinissa  \vas  re- 

I  stored  to  his  throne  as  his  reward. 

I      Pack  35.  Ch.  21.    5.  legati  .  .  . 

petivetunt :   their  purpose  was  to 

enable    Hannibal    to  reach   Africa 

and  prepare  for  war  against  Scipio. 

7.  quoiisque  =  dotiec :  a  late 
usage. 

8.  milia  :  sc.  llhrdrum. 
pondo  :  '  by  weight.' 

11.  ne  .  .  .  redderent :  Indirect 
Discourse  depending  on  an  idea  of 
commanding  implied  in  his  .  .  . 
dedit. 

Ch.  22.  19.  quibus  prius:  sc. 
data  esset  ;  cf.  his  coudicionibus 
dedit,  Ch.  21. 

20.  quingentis  milibus :  Dative, 
object  of  additls. 

24.  Karthagini  bellum  :  the  de- 
tails of  these  operations  are  imper- 
fectly known.  Some  and  Carthage, 
p.  222. 

Page  36.  Ch.  23.  2.  uUS  me- 
moria  :  '  within  tlie  memory  of 
any  one.' 


Pagks  36,  37] 


NOTES 


129 


3.  ScipiS  victor :  this  was  at 
the  famous  battle  of  Zama,  one  of 
the  decisive  battles  of  the  world. 
Although  Hannibal  managed  his 
forces  with  his  usual  skill,  and  his 
veterans  fought  like  the  men  who 
had  so  often  conquered  in  Italy,  the 
Carthaginians  were  utterly  defeated. 
This  ended  the  Second  Punic  War. 
Borne  and  Carthage^  p.  224  ;  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  46. 

6.  milia :  sc.  llhrarum. 

7.  suppellectilis  :  Nominative, 
the  usual  form  is  supellex. 

9.  Africanus :  later  Maior  was 
added  to  his  name  to  distinguish 
him  from  the  Scipio  Africanus  who 
destroyed  Carthage,  146  b.c. 

11.  quam  coeperat :  cf.  quam 
venerant,  Bk.  II,  28. 

Book  IV 

Ch.  1.     12.  Macedonicum :   sc. 

bellitm. 

Ch.  2.  13.  Philippum  :  Philip 
V,  king  of  Macedonia,  began  to 
reign  220  b.c,  was  defeated  by 
Flamininus  at  Cynoscephalae  197 
B.C.,  and  died  179  b.c.  The  Story 
of  the  Bomans,  p.  137  ;  Creighton, 
p.  47. 

15.  rem  prospere  gessit :  in  196 
B.C.,  at  the  meeting  of  the  Isthmian 
games,  Flamininus  caused  a  herald 
to  proclaim,  "that  the  senate  and 
the  people  of  Rome,  and  their  com- 
mander, Titus  Quinctius,  having 
subdued  Philip  and  the  Macedoni- 
ans, now  restored  the  Corinthians, 
Phocians,  Locrians,  Euboeans, 
Thessalians,     Achaeans,     etc.,     to 

HAZ.   EI  TROPIIJS 9 


their  freedom  and  independence, 
and  to  the  enjoyment  of  their  own 
laws." 

19.  quaterna  mHia :  sc.  llbrd- 
rum  ;  note  the  force  of  the  distribu- 
tive. 

pondo  :  cf.  pondo^  Bk.  Ill,  21. 

Page  37.  2.  Nabidem :  Nabis, 
the  tyrant  of  Lacedaemon,  had 
seized  the  city  of  Argos. 

quibus  voluit  condicidnibus  = 
quibus  voluit  els  condicidnibus. 

in  fidem  accepit :  cf.  in  fidem 
acceptae,  Bk.  II,  19.  This  is  a  mild 
way  of  saying  that  he  made  the 
king  a  subject  of  Rome. 

Ch.  3.  6.  Syriacum :  sc.  bellitm. 
Creighton,  p.  48. 

7.  Antiochum:  the  most  illustri- 
ous of  the  family  of  the  Seleucidae, 
kings  of  Syria,  was  Antiochus,  sur- 
named  the  Great.  After  having  con- 
quered Caelo-Syria  and  Palestine, 
he  was  urged  by  Hannibal,  who  had 
taken  refuge  at  his  court,  to  make 
war  on  the  Romans.  He  invaded 
Greece,  but  was  defeated  by  L. 
Scipio  at  Thermopylae  in  191  b.c, 
and  again  at  Mt.  Sipylus  in  Mag- 
nesia in  190  B.C.,  when  he  was  com- 
pelled to  sue  for  peace. 

12.  fuisset :  cf.  quia  .  .  .  fecis- 
sent,  Bk.  II,  11. 

Ch.  4. 14.  L.  Comelio  Scipione : 
cf.  Bk.  Ill,  16. 

Scipio  Africanus :  although 
Scipio  Africanus  was  the  legatus  of 
his  brother,  yet  he  practically  acted 
as  commander,  as  his  brother  was 
a  man  of  no  ability. 

17.  naval!  proelid :   this  battle, 


130 


NOTES 


[Pages  37,  38 


fought  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kury- 
medon,  off  Aspendus  in  Painphylia, 
''  was  the  tirst  naval  battle  and 
the  last  battle  fought  by  Hannibal 
against  the  Konians." 

18.  apud  Magnesiam :  "with 
the  day  of  Magnesia  Asia  was  erased 
from  the  list  of  gTeat  states ;  and 
never  perhaps  did  a  great  power  fall 
so  rapidly,  so  thoroughly,  and  so 
ignominiously  as  the  kingdom  of  the 
Seleucidae  under  this  Antiochus  the 
Great."     Mommsen. 

20.  Eumenes:  Antiochus  had 
offered  one  of  his  daughters  in  mar- 
riage to  Eumenes,  the  king  of  Per- 
gamus,  on  condition  that  he  assist 
him  against  the  Romans. 

22.  ex  parte  regis  :  '  on  the  side 
of  the  king. ' 

24.  data  est :  sc.  pax. 

25.  recederet :  cf.  inferret,  Ch.  2. 
Pack  38.  1-  concitatorem  belli : 

'  who  had  aroused  the  war ' ;  often 
it  is  best  to  translate  nouns  of 
Agency  by  a  clause. 

6.  et  ipse  :  cf.  Pt  ipsp,  Bk.  I.  8. 

Asiagenis :  the  more  usual  title 
is  Asiatic  us. 

Ch.  5.  12.  per  T.  Quintium  Fla- 
mininum  :  cf.  per  ^rdios,  Bk.  I,  6. 

13.  tradendus  esset :  the  bitter- 
ness with  whicli  the  Romans  hunted 
down  Hannibal  was  unworthy  of 
such  a  man  and  such  a  nation. 

venenum  bibit :  ' '  Thus  igno- 
miniously  ended  the  career  of  the 
man  who  stood  once  at  the  head  of 
the  commanders  of  the  world,  and 
whose  memory  is  still  honored  for 
the  magnificence  of  his  ambition  in 


daring  to  attack  and  expecting  to 
conquer  the  most  powerful  nation 
of  his  time." 

Ch.  6.  19.  rebellavit :  on  account 
of  the  division  of  the  conquered  ter- 
ritory after  the  fall  of  Antiochus, 
Philip  became  indignant  at  the  -Ro- 
mans, and  planned  a  revolt  on  a 
large  scale.  His  death  in  179  b.c. 
prevented  him  from  putting  his  plans 
into  execution.  His  son  Perseus  at- 
tempted to  carry  them  out.  Owing 
to  his  lack  of  genius,  he  did  not 
act  promptly  and  with  energy  when 
the  opportunity  offered,  and  let  it 
slip  by. 

20.  Thraciae :  Thrace  was  the 
name  given  originally  to  the  whole 
region  north  of  the  Aegean  Sea. 
Afterwards  it  was  confined  to  the 
valley  of  the  Hebrus.  It  became  a 
Roman  province  in  46  a.d. 

iUyrici:  Illyricum  was  on  the 
east  coast  of  the  Adriatic  Sea.  Its 
rocky  coasts  were  infested  with 
pirates  until  it  was  conquered  by  the 
Romans  in  the  second  century  b.c. 
It  was  made  a  province  afterwards 
and  known  as  Dalmatia. 

21.  Romanis  .  .  .  auxilio :  cf. 
auxilio  .  .  .  Eomdnis.  Ch.  4. 

24.  utrisque  .  .  .  praebuit :  lit. 
'  furnished  himself  equal  to  both  '  = 
'remained  neutral.' 

25.  P.  Licinius :  sc.  Crassiis.  He 
was  utterly  incompetent  and  thor- 
oughly unscrupulous. 

26.  gravi  proelio  victus :  near 
Larisa.  If  Perseus  had  possessed 
the  energy  to  follow  up  this  victory, 
the  result  might  have  been  different. 


Pages  89,  40] 


notp:s 


131 


Page  39.  1-  mox  missus  contra 

eum  :  Eutropius  does  not  mention 
the  two  campaigns  under  Aulus  Hos- 
tilius  and  Quintias  Marcius  Philip- 
pus,  in  both  of  which  the  Komans 
were  unsuccessful. 

2.  L.  Aemilius  Paulus :  he  was 
the  son  of  the  consul  who  fell  at 
Cannae,  Bk.  Ill,  10.  He  was  one 
of  the  best  specimens  of  the  sturdy- 
Roman  character.  He  was  noted 
for  his  discipline  in  the  array,  and 
maintained  throughout  life  a  pure 
and  unspotted  character. 

6.  ante  .  .  .  quam  :  cf.  note  on 
ante  .  .  .  quam,  Bk.  II,  13. 

Ch.  7.  8.  Ill  Nonas  Septem- 
bres :  the  full  expression  would  be 
ante  diem  tertmm  Nonas  Septem- 
bres;  cf.  XI  Kal.  Maids,  Bk.  I,  1. 

9.  vicit:  at  the  battle  of  Pydna 
in  Macedonia,  168  b.c.  "It  was  in 
fact  the  last  battle  in  which  a  civil- 
ized state  confronted  Rome  in  the 
field  on  a  footing  of  equality  with 
her  as  a  great  power.  .  .  .  The 
whole  civilized  world  henceforth 
recognized  in  the  Roman  senate  the 
supreme  tribunal  whose  commis- 
sioners decided  in  the  last  resort 
between  kings  and  nations." 
Mommsen,  History  of  Borne,  Vol. 
II,  p.  330. 

14.  honorem  .  .  .  habuit :  '  held 
him  in  honor'  =  'honored  him.' 

victo  :  in  apposition  with  ei. 

15.  sibi :  sihi  and  se  refer  to 
Paulus. 

23.  convivii  apparatu  :  '  in  his 
entertainments.' 

Ch.    8.    25.    praedam  .   .  .  dis- 


tribuit :  this  act  of  cruelty  was 
commanded  by  the  senate. 

Page  40.  2.  triumphavit  au- 
tem  magnificentissime :  never 
before  had  Rome  seen  so  grand  a 
triumph.     It  lasted  for  three  days. 

3.  cum  duobus  filiis  :  Q.  Fa- 
bius  Maximus  and  P.  Scipio  Afri- 
canus  Minor,  both  of  whom  had 
been  adopted  into  other  families. 

9.  Bithyniae :  supply  rex  from 
reges  above. 

Ch.  10.  15.  tertium  .  .  .  Kar- 
thaginem  :  The  Story  of  the  Romans, 
p.  139  ;  Creighton,  p.  50  ;  Rome  and 
Carthage,  Ch.  XIX.  The  Romans 
encouraged  their  ally  Masinissa  to 
encroach  on  the  territories  of  Car- 
thage and  to  harass  her  in  every 
way.  They  were  seeking  a  pretext 
for  war,  having  fully  decided  to 
utterly  destroy  their  hated  rival. 
The  story  is  told  that  every  speech 
that  Cato  the  Censor  made  was  con- 
cluded with  the  words  '  Delenda  est 
Carthago,''  'Carthage  must  be  de- 
stroyed.' 

10.  L.  Manlio  Censdrind  et 
M.  Manilio  :  they  were  utterly  in- 
competent. On  several  occasions 
they  were  saved  from  destruction 
only  by  the  skill  of  Scipio. 

19.  Karthaginem  oppugnave- 
runt:  the  Carthaginians  tried  in 
every  way  to  avert  the  war.  Em- 
bassy after  embassy  was  sent  to 
Rome,  offering  everything  that  could 
be  asked.  When  the  Romans  de- 
manded the  surrender  of  the  arms 
of  the  city,  they  were  given.  But 
when  it  was  demanded  that  they 


182 


NOTES 


[Pages  40,  41 


should  leave  their  city  and  should 
settle  somewhere  else  at  a  distance 
of  ten  miles  from  the  sea,  they  re- 
fused and  prepared  for  the  struggle 
that  was  inevitable. 

21.  Scipio  :  "Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio  was  the  youngest  son  of 
Aemilius  Paulus,  the  conqueror  of 
Macedonia.  When  quite  a  youth 
he  had  fought  at  his  father's  side 
at  Pydna,  and  he  was  afterwards 
adopted  into  a  still  more  illustrious 
family,  that  of  the  Scipios.  Like 
his  grandfather,  the  great  African  us, 
he  had  early  shown  a  taste  for  other 
arts  than  that  of  war  ;  and  his  fond- 
ness for  literature  was  cemented  by 
the  friendship  which  he  formed, 
while  still  a  youth,  with  the  histo- 
rian Polybius.  He  was  inferior  in 
all  respects  to  his  grandfather  by 
adoption,  the  elder  Africanus."  He 
is  chosen  by  Cicero  in  the  De  Ami- 
citia  as  one  whose  friendship  was 
worthy  of  immortality. 

24.  conBiiltiaBimus :  '  most  fer- 
tile in  council.' 

per  eum :  cf.  per  Anc'i  f'llids^ 
Bk.  I,  6. 

27.  committere:  sc.  proelium; 
the  omission  is  late  and  rare. 

Page  41.  Ch.  11.  1.  per  idem 
tempus:  equivalent  to  the  Abla- 
tive of  Time  within  which. 

Masinissa:  see  note  on  Syphd- 
cem,  Bk.  Ill,  20. 

Cii.  12.  6.  iuvenis ;  see  note  on 
annorum,  Bk.  II,  6.  Scipio  was 
about  thirty-seven  yeai*s  old,  and 
had  held  the  office  of  military  tri- 
bune only. 


6.  consul  est  factus :  as  in  the 

case  of  his  grandfather  by  adoption, 
there  was  the  tacit  understanding 
that  his  office  was  to  be  continued 
until  he  had  brought  the  war  to  an 
end.  The  Romans  by  this  time  had 
learned  the  advantage  of  retaining 
in  office  in  times  of  danger  a  man 
who  showed  himself  adapted  to  the 
place. 

0.  quae  sua  recognoscebant : 
'  which  they  recognized  as  their 
own. ' 

10.  Karthago  .  .  .  deleta  est: 
"Thus  happened  what,  happily,  has 
rarely  happened  in  history  before 
or  since.  An  ancient  seat  of  civili- 
zation with  the  race  which  inhabited 
it,  with  its  arts  and  its  sciences,  its 
laws,  its  literature,  and  its  religion, 
was  swept  away  at  a  single  stroke, 
leaving  hardly  a  wrack  behind  ;  and 
with  it  vanished  the  last  rival  whom 
Rome  had  to  fear,  the  one  state 
which  ever  met  her  on  equal  terms, 
and  therefore  alone  stood  between 
her  and  universal  empire."  Rome 
and  Carthage^  p.  260. 

quam  =  postquam. 

11.  avus  gius:  his  grandfather 
by  adoption,  P.  Cornelius  Scipio 
Africanus  Maior,  the  conqueror  of 
Hannibal. 

12.  Africanus  iunior :  etiam 
ipse  can,  of  course,  refer  only  to 
Africanus,  iunior  being  adversative  ; 
'Africanus  (but)  younger';  cf. 
note  on  Tarquinius  iunior,  Bk.  I,  8. 

Ch.  13.  14.  Pseudophilippus : 
"  A  pretender,  calling  himself  Phil- 
lip, the  son   of   Perseus,  met  with 


Pages  41-43] 


NOTES 


183 


suppjrt  from  Thrace  and  Byzan- 
tium, and  was  accepted  as  king  by 
the  Macedonian  nation.  He  even 
extended  his  rule  over  Thessaly  by 
his  victory  over  the  Roman  praetor 
Juventius."     Mommsen,  p.  219. 

15.  praetorem:  the  praetor  was 
one  of  the  chief  magistrates  at 
Rome,  next,  to  the  consuls.  The 
number  varied  at  different  times. 
After  Sulla's  time  there  were  eight. 
The  duties  of  the  praetor  were  to 
administer  justice,  and  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  consuls  to  act  in  their 
place.  Praetors  wei*e  also  sent  to 
govern  provinces  subject  to  Rome. 

16.  ad  internecionem :  '  to  the 
point  of  destruction.' 

Ch.  14.  22.  cepit:  after  the 
battle  of  Leucopatra,  in  which  the 
Achaeans  were  utterly  defeated. 

diniit :  "With  Corinth  fell  the 
liberties  of  Greece  ;  a  Roman  prov- 
ince took  the  place  of  the  state  that 
for  six  centuries  liad  been  the  home 
of  art  and  eloquence,  the  intellec- 
tual sovereign  of  antiquity ;  but 
though  overcome  and  despoiled,  she 
became  the  guide  and  teacher  of  her 
conqueror."  The  light  of  Greece 
was_  extinguished, 

27.  pictae  tabulae  :  'pictures.' 

Page  42.  Ch.  15.  3.  habSret : 
H,  598  (515,  III) ;  M.  378,  6 ;  A.  & 
G.  313,  d ;  G.  587 ;  B.  309,  3. 

quaestore :  the  quaestor  was  an 
officer  in  charge  of  the  treasury. 
Two  remained  in  the  city  while  the 
others  accompanied  the  provincial 
governors  and  managed  the  finances 
of  the  provinces. 


Ch.  16.  5.  Metellus:  Q.  Cae- 
cilius  Metellus,  called  Macedonicus, 
was  the  son  of  Caecilius  mentioned 
in  Bk.  Ill,  19.  He  was  consul  in 
143  B.C.,  and  received  the  province 
of  Hither  Spain,  where  he  carried 
on  war  with  success  for  two  years 
against  the  Celtiberi.  His  brother, 
L.  Caecilius,  was  consul  in  142  b.c. 
Chs.  21,  23. 

8.  Viriathus  :  it  is  said  that 
Caepio  procured  his  assassination. 

9.  quo  metu  =  cuius  metu  :  for 
tlie  case  of  metu^  cf.  metu^  Ch.  3. 

12.  adsertor:  'restorer  of  lib- 
erty. ' 

Ch.  17.  17.  picem  ignobilem 
fScit:  but  fearing  the  reckoning 
that  awaited  him  at  home  for  con- 
cluding peace,  he  denied  before  the 
senate  the  agreement  he  had  made 
with  the  people  of  Numantia.  The 
total  incompetency  of  Pompeius 
and  of  his  successor,  Mancinus,  and 
the  demoralization  of  the  army, 
caused  the  war  to  drag  on  with  dis- 
grace and  disaster  for  three  yeare. 
Creighton,  p.  49. 

20.  Mancinum  hostibua  trSdi: 
they  refused  to  receive  him,  as  the 
senate  knew  they  would. 

24.  consul  factus:  sc.  est;  this 
was  in  134  b.c.  He  was  then  at 
the  legal  age  for  the  consulship. 

25.  mllitem :  '  the  soldiers  ' ;  a 
collective  noun. 

Page  43.  4.  reliquam  .  .  .  ac- 
cepit :  "A  senatorial  commission 
was  shortly  afterwards  sent  to 
Spain,  and  the  provinces  were  re- 
organized.      Spain     gradually    be- 


134 


NOTES 


[Pages  43,  44 


caiiiu  exceedingly  prosperous,  and, 
despite  the  guerilla  warfare  ever 
waged  by  the  half-subdued  native 
tribes,  it  was  the  most  flourishing 
and  best  organized  country  in  the 
Koman  dominions."  Mommsen, 
p.  215. 

Cii.  18.  0.  Attalus:  the  king- 
dom of  Attalus  consisted  of  Lydia, 
rhrygia,  Mysia,  and  Caria,  four 
states  on  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 

Ch.  19.  1).  Callaecis:  generally 
written  Gallaeci.  They  were  a 
people  inhabiting  the  northwestern 
part  of  Spain,  bordering  on  the 
Atlantic.  They  were  the  most  un- 
civilized people  of  Spain. 

Lusitanis  :  they  lived  a  little 
south  of  the  Gallaeci. 

10.  P.Scipio  .  .  .  Numantinis: 
from  the  capture  of  the  city  of  Nu- 
mantia  he  received  the  name  Nu- 
mantmiis. 

12.  de  Africa :  i.e.  de  Karthd- 
ffine. 

Ch.  20.  13.  Aristonico :  he  was 
a  natural  son  of  Eumenes  II  of 
Perganius.  Upon  the  death  of  his 
brother  Attalus,  who  left  his  king- 
dom to  the  Romans,  Ch.  18,  he 
claimed  the  throne.  At  first  he 
met  with  considerable  success. 

15.  P.  Licinius  Crassus  :  he 
was  consul  for  the  year  131  b.c. 
He  was  a  good  orator  and  jurist. 

25.  carcere :  the  Mamertine 
prison  at  the  foot  of  the  Capitoline 
Hill.  This  was  the  only  prison  in 
Rome  in  early  times.  In  it  most 
of  the  famous  captives  of  the 
Romans   were  strangled.      It  con- 


sisted of  an  upper  and  lower  cham- 
ber. The  term  Tullianum  sometimes 
applied  to  the  prison  as  a  whole  is 
more  properly  restricted  to  the  lower 
dungeon.  Sallust  in  the  '  Catiline ' 
gives  an  impressive  picture  of  the 
lower  vault  in  which  Jugurtha  per- 
ished. "There  is,"  he  says,  "in 
the  prison  a  chamber  named  the 
Tullianum,  about  twelve  feet  below 
the  .surface  of  the  earth.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  walls,  and  covered  by  a 
vaulted  roof  of  stone  ;  but  its  ap- 
pearance is  repulsive  and  fearful, 
because  of  the  neglect,  the  dark- 
ness, and  the  stench." 

27.  diem  obierat :  lit.  '  he  had 
met  his  day '  =  '  he  died.' 

Cn.  21.  29.  quae  nunc  manet: 
Eutropius  is  in  error.  The  Car- 
thage of  his  time  was  founded  by 
Augustus.  He  was  carrying  out 
the  plans  of  Julius  Caesar  in  this. 

Page  44,  2.  deduct!  sunt:  the 
regular  term  for  the  founding  of  a 
colony. 

eo  =  ad  eum  locum. 

Cn.  22.  5.  Gallis  transalpinia : 
the  Gauls  of  the  modern  France 
and  Switzerland  were  called  trdns- 
alpinl,  to  distinguish  them  from  the 
Gauls  of  northern  Italy,  who  were 
called  cisalpini. 

Arvernorum :  the  Arverni  were  a 
people  of  Aquitania,  in  the  modern 
Auvergne.  In  early  times  they  were 
the  most  powerful  people  in  south- 
ern Gaul.  They  still  possessed  con- 
siderable power  in  Caesar's  time,  as 
he  refers  to  them  several  times  in 
the  Gallic  War. 


Page  44] 


NOTES 


135 


7.  fluvium:  a  late  word.  The 
regular  term  for  river  is  flumen. 

8.  torquibus :  cf.  torque^  Bk. 
II,  5. 

9.  deductus  est  :  i.e.  from 
Gaul. 

Ch.  23.  12.  Narbone :  this  was 
the  first  colony  of  the  Romans  in 
Gaul.  Later  it  gave  the  name  of 
Narhomnsis  to  the  province.  It 
was  situated  on  the  river  Atax,  and 
was  of  considerable  commercial  im- 
portance. 

13.  L.  Caecilio  Metello :  see 
note  on  3Ietellus,  Ch.  10. 

Ch.  24.  17.  Scordiscis :  a  people 
of  Pannonia.  They  were  sometimes 
classed  with  the  Illyrians,  but  they 
were  remains  of  an  ancient  and 
powerful  Celtic  tribe. 

Ch.  25.  19.  C.  Caecilio  Me- 
tello :  he  was  the  son  of  Quintus 
Caecilius  Metellus,  mentioned  in 
Ch.  16.  He  was  consul  in  113  b.c, 
and  carried  on  war  in  Macedonia 
against  the  Thracians,  whom  he 
subdued.  He  obtained  a  triumph, 
in  consequence,  in  the  same  year 
and  on  the  same  day  with  his 
brother. 

20.  altenim  ex  Sardinia  :  this 
was  Marcus  Caecilius  Metellus,  a 
brother  of  Gaius  Caecilius  men- 
tioned above.  He  was  consul  in 
115  B.C.  In  114  he  was  sent  to 
Sardinia  as  proconsul,  and  while 
there  he  suppressed  a  revolt  in  the 
province.  For  this  he  was  granted 
a  triumph,  which  he  celebrated  at 
the  same  time  with  his  brother. 

22.  Cimbro^  :  ^ee  Bk.  V,  1,  2,      j 


Ch.  26.  23.  P.  Scipione  Na- 
sica  :  i.e.  '  Scipio  with  the  pointed 
nose.'  This  name,  which  was  given 
in  derision  to  one  member  of  his 
family,  clung  to  all  his  descend- 
ants. 

24.  lugurthae  .  .  .  inlatum  est : 
Jugurtha  is  an  interesting  charac- 
ter in  Roman  history.    He  was  the 
illegitimate  nephew  of  Micipsa,  the 
king  of  Numidia.     He  served  under 
Scipio  in  Spain,  and  there  made  the 
acquaintance  of  the  dissolute  patri- 
cians who  were  serving  in  the  army. 
On  the  death  of  his  uncle,  he  put 
Hiempsal  to  death  and  seized  the 
kingdom.    He  besieged  Adherbal  in 
the  town  of  Cirta,  and,  having  taken 
the  town,  he  put  him  to  death  with 
savage  torture.     In  the  capture  of 
Cirta  several  Roman  citizens  were 
slain.     This  compelled  the  senate  to 
make  an   investigation ;   but  many 
of  its  members  had  been  bribe.d  by 
Jugurtha,  and  it  resulted  in  nothing. 
Finally  war  was   declared  against 
him.      The    army,    however,    was 
poorly  equipped  and  badly  organ- 
ized.    Nothing  but  defeat  resulted. 
i  Metellus,  on  taking  command  in  109 
j  B.C.,  reformed  the  army,  won  sev- 
!  eral   victories,  and  seemed  on  the 
I  point  of  bringing  the  war  to  an  end 
I  when   he  was   succeeded  by  Gaius 
I  Marius,     his    lieutenant.       Marius 
speedily    brought    the    war    to    a 
close.    Jugurtha,  however,  was  sur- 
;  rendered  to  Sulla,  Marius'  lieuten- 
ant, by  the  Moors,  with  whom  he 
had   taken  refuge.      After  gracing 
the*  triumphal  procession  of  Marius, 


136 


NOTES 


[Pages  44-46 


he  was  strangled  in  the  Mamertine 
prison.  He  is  said  to  have  ex- 
claimed as  he  touched  the  water  at 
the  bottom  of  the  prison,  '  How 
cold  are  thy  baths,  O  Hercules ' ! 

25.  fratres  suos :  Eutropius  is 
incorrect.  They  were  his  cousins, 
not  brothers. 

Page  45.  -•  quae  .  .  .  impro- 
bata  est :  probably  the  senate 
would  have  approved  of  it,  but 
such  an  outcry  was  raised  by  the 
people  that  they  were  forced  to  re- 
ject the  peace  and  order  the  war  to 
be  continued. 

Cn.  27.  6.  Q.  Caecilius  Metel- 
lus:  he  was  the  son  of  Lucius 
Caecilius,  mentioned  in  Chs.  21,  23. 
He  received  the  name  of  Numidicus 
for  his  campaign  against  Jugurtha. 
In  an  age  of  growing  corruption  his 
integrity  remained  unsullied,  and 
he  was  distinguished  for  his  abili-  | 
ties  in  war  and  peace.  Creighton, 
p.  61. 

12.  successum  est  el:  lit.  'it 
was  succeeded  to  him'  =  'he  was 
succeeded.' 

C.  Mario  :  see  Bk.  V,  1.  Marius, 
who  had  accompanied  Metellus, 
gained  his  consulship  by  appealing 
to  the  credulity  of  the  people  and 
by  misleading  them  with  the  most 
unfair  misrepresentations  of  the 
conduct  of  Metellus. 

Bocchum:  king  of  Mauretania, 
father-in-law  of  Jugurtha. 

16.  Comelium  SuUam :  see  Bk. 
V,  4.  The  fact  that  Sulla  was  an 
aristocrat  was  very  amioying  to 
Marias.  • 


Book  V 
Page  46.  Ch.  1.  2.  Cimbris  et 
Teutonibus :  the  Cimbri  and  Teu- 
tones  were  Germanic  tribes  who  had 
migrated  from  their  homes  and  had 
come  into  Gaul.  They  defeated  the 
Romans  in  several  engagements. 
In  the  battle  of  Arausio,  105  b.c, 
three  Roman  armies  were*  cut  to 
pieces.  Then  they  turned  their 
course  towards  Spain  and  gave  the 
Romans  a  respite  of  two  years.  In 
102  B.C.  they  returned  from  Spain 
and  prepared  to  invade  Italy.  Be- 
fore their  entrance  they  divided. 
The  Cimbri  and  the  Tigurini  crossed 
the  Rhone,  intending  to  enter  Italy 
by  the  eastern  Alps.  The  Teutones 
and  the  Ambrones  tried  to  come  in 
by  the  Maritime  Alps,  intending  to 
join  their  countrymen  in  the  valley 
of  the  Po.  Marius  met  them  at 
Aquae  Sextiae,  modern  Aix,  102  b.c, 
and  the  mighty  host  of  the  barba- 
rians was  annihilated.  The  next 
year  the  united  armies  of  Marius 
and  Catulus  met  the  Cimbri  near 
Vercellae  in  Cisalpine  Gaul  and 
utterly  defeated  them.  Those  who 
survived  the  battle  were  either 
killed  or  sold  in  the  slave  market  at 
Rome.  "The  human  avalanche 
which  for  thirteen  years  had  alarmed 
the  nations  from  the  Danube  to  the 
Ebro,  from  the  Seine  to  the  Po, 
rested  beneath  the  sod,  or  toiled 
under  the  yoke  of  slavery." 
Mommsen,  History  of  Borne,  Vol. 
Ill,  p.  203.  Creight(Mi,  p.  iVS  ;  The 
Story  of  the  Homans,  p.  155. 


Pages  46,  47] 


NOTES 


137 


7.  quantus    .    .    .    tempore : 

'  barely  was  it  as  great  in  the  time 
of  Hannibal.' 

8.  Marius:  Gains  Marius  was 
born  near  Arpinum  157  b.c.  of  an 
obscure  family.  By  his  valor  and 
his  energy  he  worked  his  way  up  in 
the  army,  winning  distinction  in  the 
siege  of  Numantia  in  Spain.  In 
119  B.C.  he  was  elected  tribune  of 
the  plebs.  He  now  became  a 
marked  man.  He  acquired  influ- 
ence and  importance  by  marrying 
into  the  family  of  the  Caesars.  In 
109  B.C.  he  went  to  Africa  as  lieu- 
tenant of  Metellus.  In  107  b.c.  he 
was  elected  consul  and  brought  the 
war  with  Jugurtha  to  an  end,  Bk. 
IV,  27.  After  his  return  from 
Africa  he  was  elected  consul  the 
second  time  in  104  b.c  and  took 
command  of  the  war  against  the 
Cimbri  and  Teutones.  Again  in 
103,  102,  and  101  b.c.  he  was  elected 
to  the  consulship,  and  crushed  the 
barbarians  in  the  two  famous  bat- 
tles of  Aquae  Sextiae  and  Vercellae, 
102,  101  B.C.,  Chs.  1,  2.  In  100  b.c 
he  was  elected  consul  for  the  sixth 
time.  The  Social  war  again  called 
him  into  active  service.  He  de- 
feated the  Marsi  in  two  successive 
engagements,  Ch.  3.  That  he  might 
gratify  his.  ambition  and  be  sent  to 
the  war  with  Mithradates,  he  pro- 
cured the  passage  of  a  law  removing 
Sulla  from  the  command  of  the 
army  and  conferring  it  upon  him- 
self. Sulla  refused  to  give  up  his 
command,  marched  upon  Rome,  and 
forced  Marias  to  flee.     After  having 


arranged  matters  at  Rome  to  his 
satisfaction  Sulla  left  for  the  East, 
Ch.  4.  While  he  was  away,  Marius 
returned  to  Italy,  besieged  Rome, 
and  entered  the  city  as  a  conqueror. 
"  The  most  frightful  scenes  followed. 
The  guards  of  Marius  stabbed  every 
one  whom  he  did  not  salute,  and  the 
streets  ran  with  the  blood  of  the 
noblest  of  the  Roman  aristocracy." 
Ch.  7.  Without  the  formality  of  an 
election  he  became  consul  for  the 
seventh  time,  86  b.c  But  he  did 
not  long  enjoy  his  honor..  On  the 
eighteenth  day  of  his  consulship  he 
died. 

15.  absens :  this  was  unusual. 
The  law  provided  that  a  man  must 
be  present  to  stand  for  the  consul- 
ship, and  that  at  least  ten  years 
must  elapse  before  he  could  be  re- 
elected. 

Ch.  2.  18.  dimicttum  est:  this 
battle  was  fought  in  the  Campi 
Raudii,  near  Vercellae.  Before  the 
battle,  the  Cimbri  demanded  that 
lands  should  be  given  them  for 
themselves  and  the  Teutones.  '  The 
Teutones,'  replied  Marius,  'have  all 
the  land  they  need  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Alps.' 

a  Catuli  parte  :  '  on  the  part  of 
Catulus.' 

Page  47.  Ch.  3.  7.  gravissimum 
bellum  :  this  is  known  as  the  Social 
or  Italian  war.  It  was  waged  by  the 
Italian  allies  of  the  Romans.  For 
nearly  thirty  years  the  hope  of  ob- 
taining Roman  citizenship  had  been 
held  out  to  them,  but  no  measure 
had  been  carried  to  better  their  con- 


138 


NOTES 


[Pages  47,  48 


dition.  The  burdens  that  Kome  had 
imposed  upon  them  had  been  stead- 
ily increased.  Finally,  in  despair 
of  securing  any  reforms,  they  ap- 
pealed to  arms.  At  first  they  were 
successful,  but  in  the  end  the  Ro- 
mans conquered.  However,  they 
were  compelled  to  grant  nearly  all  the 
Italians  had  demanded.  Creighton, 
p.  64. 

12.  alius  :  for  alter. 

15.  a  Romanis  :  '  on  the  side  of 
the  Romans ' ;  cf.  «  CatuU  parte, 
Ch.  2. 

Ch.  4.  24.  bellum  civile :  the 
First  Civil  war,  called  also  the 
Civil  war  of  Marius  and  Sulla.  See 
Chs.  7-9.  The  Story  of  the  Bomans, 
pp.  160-164;   Creighton,  p.  66. 

Page  48.  1.  Mithradaticum : 
sc.  helium  commotum  est. 

bello  civni :  in  classical  Latin 
probably  a  Genitive  would  have 
been  used. 

2.  cum  Sulla :  Lucius  Cornelius 
Sulla  was  born  of  a  patrician  fam- 
ily in  138  B.C.  After  having  secured 
a  good  education,  he  passed  his  early 
life  in  the  pursuit  of  pleasure,  squan- 
dering the  small  fortune  left  him  by 
his  father.  He  served  under  Marius 
in  Africa  (Bk.  IV,  8),  and  received 
the  surrender  of  Jugurtha.  During 
the  war  with  the  Cimbri  and  Teu- 
tones,  he  served  under  Marius  and 
Catulus  with  distinction.  When  the 
Social  war  broke  out  he  again  en- 
tered the  service  and  won  fresh 
laurels  (Ch.  3).  In  88  b.c.  he  was 
elected  consul  and  received  the 
command  of  the  war  against  Mith- 


radates  (Chs.  5-7).  When  he  had 
concluded  peace  with  Mithradates, 
he  returned  to  Italy  in  83  b.c,  and 
prepared  for  the  campaign  against 
the  leaders  of  the  Marian  party. 
His  efforts  were  crowned  with  suc- 
cess. In  82  B.C.  he  brought  the  con- 
flict to  a  close  with  the  decisive 
battle  of  the  Colline  gate  (Ch.  8). 
Sulla  was  now  master  of  Italy.  He 
resolved  to  take  the  most  ample 
vengeance  upon  his  enemies,  and 
utterly  to  crush  ♦  the  popular  party. 
He  inaugurated  a  proscription,  in 
which  as  many  as  47,000  are  said  to 
have  perished.  He  was  chosen  dic- 
tator by  the  senate,  and  made  vari- 
ous reforms  in  the  constitution  of 
the  state,  all  tending  to  strengthen 
the  power  of  the  aristocracy  and  to 
weaken  that  of  the  commons.  In 
79  B.C.  he  resigned  his  office  and  re- 
tired to  his  estate  at  Puteoli,  where 
he  died  in  78  b.c.  "None  of  his 
friends  ever  did  him  a  kindness,  and 
none  of  his  enemies  a  wrong,  with- 
out being  fully  repaid." 

3.  gesturus :  the  Future  Parti- 
ciple is  not  used  by*  prose  writers  of 
the  classical  period  to  denote  pur- 
pose! 

9.  primus  .  .  .  armatus :  a  gen- 
eral with  his  army  could  not  enter 
the  city,  except  when  celebrating  a 
triumph,  without  losing  his  com- 
mand. 

11.  in  futurum  annum  :  '  for  the 
next  year. ' 

Cn.  OctSvio  et  L.  Cornelio 
CinnS:  in  apposition  with  consitU- 
b2is. 


Pages  48-50] 


NOTES 


139 


Ch.  5.  13.  Mithradates:  Mith- 
radates  V  was  king  of  Pontus,  a 
state  of  Asia  Minor.  He  is  one  of 
the  most  striking  characters  of  Rp- 
m^n  history.  Possessed  of  a  large 
and  powerful  frame,  he  was  en- 
dowed also  with  a  mind  of  great 
strength  and  alertness,  indomitable 
courage,  and  consuming  ambition. 
It  was  the  desire  to  extend  his  realm 
that  brought  bim  into  collision  with 
the  Eomans.  In  88  b.c.  he  over- 
ran Bithynia,  Cappadocia,  and  the 
greater  part  of  the  Roman  province 
of  Asia.  In  84  b.c.  peace  was  con- 
cluded with  Sulla.  In  83  b.c.  he 
again  began  war.  This  was  brought 
to  an  end  two  years  later  (Chs.  6,  8). 
For  the  third  time  he  began  to  wage 
war  in  74  b.c.  This  w^as  the  last 
and  most  important  war,  and,  owing 
to  mismanagement  on  the  part  of  the 
Romans,  was  not  concluded  until  63 
B.c.jWhen  he  was  driven  from  his  king- 
dom and  forced  to  take  his  own  life 
(Bk.  VI,  14).    Creighton,  pp.  66,  71. 

16.  ei :  the  antecedent  is  Nico- 
medes. 

18.  faceret:  "Subjunctive  in  In- 
direct Discourse  representing  the 
Future  Indicative  in  Direct. 

quod  .  .  .  pateretur  :  this  use  of 
quod  with  the  Subjunctive  after  a 
verb  of  speaking,  instead  of  the  In- 
finitive with  subject  Accusative,  is 
late.  For  the  usual  construction, 
cf.  Bk.  Ill,  11. 

et  ipse:  'he  too.' 

23.  Ephesum :  Ephesus  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Cayster  in  Lydia,  was 
the  chief  city  in  Asia  Minor.     It  was 


especially  famous  for  its  temple  of 
Diana. 

24.  uno  die  occiderentur :  on 
that  day  over  80,000  Italians  were 
put  to  death. 

Pack  49.  Cn.  6.  1.  Aristone : 
he  was  a  celebrated  philosopher. 

3.  Archelaum :  Archelaus  was 
a  distinguished  general  of  Mithra- 
dates. At  first  he  met  with  some 
success,  but  was  twice  defeated  by 
Sulla  in  the  battles  of  Chaeronea 
and  Orchomenos  in  Boeotia. 

11.  commisit :  sc.  proelhim. 

15.  iuBsit  .  .  .  agi:  lit.  'ordered 
it  to  be  treated  concerning  peace ' 
=  '  ordered  a  truce  to  be  made.' 

Ch.  7.  18.  partim :  contrasted 
with  alios. 

22.  pax  .  .  .  ordinata  est :  by 
the  terms  of  the  peace  arranged 
Mithradates  abandoned  all  his  con- 
quests in  Asia  Minor,  confined  him- 
self to  the  dominion  he  had  held 
before  the  war,  paid  an  indemnity 
of  3000  talents,  and  surrendered 
80  ships  of  war  fully  equipped. 

Page  50.  2.  proscripserunt : 
'  outlawed.'  This  was  the  first  pro- 
scription hi  Roman  history.  It  was 
so  called  from  the  list  of  the  names 
of  the  persons  who  were  outlawed. 
They  might  be  killed  by  any  one 
with  impunity,  even  by  slaves. 
Their  property  was  confiscated  to 
the  state  and  was  sold  at  public 
auction.  Their  children  and  grand- 
children lost  their  votes  in  the 
Comitia  and  were  excluded  from  all 
public  offices. 

6.  Norbanum    et    Scipionem: 


140 


NOTES 


[Pages  50-52 


Lucius  Norbanus  and  Gaius  Scipio 
were  elected  consuls  for  the  year 
83  B.C. 

7.  contra  Norbanum :  the  bat- 
tle was  fought  at  Mt.  Tifata  in  Cam- 
pania. After  the  battle  Norbanus 
shut  himself  up  in  Capua. 

10.  totum  .  .  .  accepit:  by 
means  of  Sulla's  emissaries  the 
whole  army  deserted  Scipio,  who 
was  forced  to  retire  from  the  war. 

Ch.  8.  12.  Marius  :  Gaius  Marius 
the  younger  was  elected  consul  with 
Gnaeus  Fapirius  Carbo,  though  he 
had  not  yet  attained  the  legal  age 
for  the  office. 

14.  dimicavit:  at  Sacriportus, 
between  Signia  and  Praeneste. 
Marius  was  driven  to  Praeneste, 
and  when  the  town  was  captured 
was  slain. 

19.  portam  Collinam :  one  of  the 
gates  of  Rome  on  the  Quirinal  Hill. 
The  battle  raged  so  fiercely  and  the 
result  was  so  long  in  doubt,  that 
Sulla  is  said  to  have  invoked  the 
aid  of  Pythian  Apollo.  With  this 
battle  the  resistance  of  the  Marian 
party  in  Italy  was  at  an  end. 

Page  51,  Ch.  9.  4.  null!  Roma- 
norum :  this  was  the  first  time  that 
any  one  who  had  not  held  the  office 
of  consul  was  permitted  to  celebrate 
a  triumph. 

9.  XXIV :  sc.  milia  with  all 
these  numbers,,  except  the  last. 

Book  VI 
Ch.  1.   14.    Sertorius:    Quintus 
Sertorius,  a  Sabine  by  birth,  served 
under  Marius  in  the  war  against  the 


Teutones.  Before  the  battle  of 
Aquae  Sextiae  he  entered  the  camp 
of  the  enemy  in  disguise.  In  83  b.c. 
he  went  to  Spain  and  became  the 
leader  of  the  Lusitanians.  For  sev- 
ral  years  he  waged  war  successfully 
against  the  Romans.  Finally  he 
was  assassinated  by  one  of  his  offi- 
cers who  was  jealous  of  his  power. 
2"he  Story  of  the  Bomans,  p.  165 ; 
Creighton,  p.  69. 

Page  52.  Ch.  2.  5.  levia  proe- 
lia :  '  skirmishes.' 

Rhodopam  provinciam :  a  small 
division  of  Thrace. 

Ch.  3.  10.  P.  Servnius :  Publius 
Servilius  Vatia  was  consul  in  79  n.c. 
The  next  year  he  was  sent  to  clear 
the  sea  of  pirates.  He  waged  war 
successfully  against  them,  conquered 
Cilicia  and  organized  it  as  a  province. 
He  took  a  leading  part  in  the  public 
affairs. 

ex  cdnsule  =  procdnsiile ;  a  late 
expression  ;  cf.  our  expression  '  ex- 
president.' 

Ch.  5.  20.  M.  Aemilius  Lepi- 
dus:  Lepidus  and  Catullus  were 
consuls  in  the  year  after  the  death 
of  Sulla.  They  quarreled  over  some 
triffing  matter.  In  77  u.c.  Lepidus 
marched  to  Rome  with  an  army.  He 
was  met  by  Pompey  near  the  Mul- 
vian  Bridge  and  defeated.  Shortly 
afterwards  he  died  in  Sardinia. 

23.  Metelli:  Genitive,  depending 
on  triumphus  supplied  from  tri- 
nmphi  above. 

Ch.  6.  26.  anno  urbis  con- 
ditae:  a  variation  for  the  usual  ex- 
pression ah  urhe  conditd.    The  year 


Pages  52-54] 


NOTES 


141 


is  conceived  of  as  belonging  to  the 
city.  Cf.  anno  a  conditd  urbe^  Bk. 
Ill,  10 ;  anno  .  .  .  ab  urbe  con- 
ditd, Bk.  IV,  22. 

Page  53.  1-  Nicomedes:  Nico- 
medes  III,  surnamed  Philopater, 
was  tlie  son  and  successor  of  Nico- 
medes II  mentioned  in  Bk.  IV,  Clis. 
8,  20.  He  had  been  aided  by  the 
Romans,  and  was  encouraged  by 
them  to  encroach  on  the  territories 
of  Mithradates.  Having  no  chil- 
dren, he  left  his  kingdom  to  the 
Romans. 

2.  MithradatSs  :  see  note  on 
Bk.  V,  5. 

4.  apud  Chalcgd5na  :  the  de- 
feat was  both  by  land  and  sea. 

7.  Lucullus :  Lucius  Licinius 
LucuUus  fought  in  the  Civil  war  on 
the  side  of  Sulla,  was  praetor  in  77 
B.C.,  and  consul  in  74  b.c.  For 
eight  years  he  carried  on  the  war 
against  Mithradates  with  success ; 
but  on  account  of  the  mutinous 
spirit  of  his  soldiers  and  the  jeal- 
ousy of  certain  Romans,  he  was  un- 
able to  bring  the  war  to  a  close. 
On  his  return  to  Rome  he  gave  him- 
self up  to  a  life  of  indolence  and 
luxury.     He  died  in  57  b.c. 

10.  Byzantium :  the  city  of  By- 
zantium was  founded  by  the  Me- 
garians  in  658  b.c,  and  was  a 
place  of  great  importance.  Con- 
stantinople was  founded  on  the 
same  site  by  the  Emperor  Constan- 
tine  the  Great  in  330  a.d.  It  re- 
mained the  capital  of  the  Roman 
Empire  of  the  East  until  its  capture 
by  the  Turks  in  1453. 


13.  centum  ferg  milia  :  sc.  homi- 
num. 
Ch.  7.    17.  novum  bellimi:  see 

The  Story  of  the  Romans,  p.  167  ; 
Creighton,  p.  70. 

18.  Spartaco  :  Spartacus  was  a 
Thracian  by  birth,  and  had  been 
taken  prisoner  and  sold  to  a  trainer 
of  gladiators.  His  character  has 
been  maligned  by  the  Roman 
writers.  "  Accident  made  Sparta- 
cus a  shepherd,  a  freebooter,  and  a 
gladiator;  nature  formed  him  a 
hero." 

19.  ludo  :  '  the  gladiatorial 
school.'  The  gladiators  were 
mostly  slaves,  and  were  the  prop- 
erty of  the  individuals  who  trained 
them  and  leased  them  for  the 
games.  This  school  belonged  to 
Lentulus. 

20.  paene  non  levius :  '  not 
much  lighter.' 

22.  armatorum :  many  slaves 
joined  them. 

23.  victi  sunt  in  Apuli§ :  they 
were  conquered  on  the  river  Silarus, 
which  flows  between  Lucania  and 
Campania.  Spartacus  was  slain  in 
the  battle. 

Ch.  8.  27.  duo :  nominative  mas- 
culine, agreeing  with  LucnU'i. 

Page  54.  7.  Mithradates  fuga- 
tus  est :  if  the  'Roman  soldiers  had 
been  able  to  restrain  their  eager- 
ness for  plunder  and  had  followed 
Mithradates  rapidly,  he  would  have 
been  captured. 

10.  Tigrane  :  Tigranes,  king  of 
Armenia,  was  the  son-in-law  of 
Mithradates.     Although  at  first  he 


142 


NOTES 


[Pages  54,  55 


refused  to  aid  Mithradates,  later  the 
insolence  of  Lucullus'  envoys  caused 
him  to  change  his  policy  and  take  a 
hand  in  the  war. 

Ch.  9.  13.  boBtem  fugatum: 
'the  enemy  who  had  fled.'  Often  it 
is  best  to  translate  a  participle  by  a 
clause. 

14.  Tigranocertam :  the  capital 
of  Tigranes. 

16.  clibanariis:  this  is  the  only 
place  in  Eutropius  where  this  word 
is  found.  It  is  post-classical,  and 
is  used  by  only  two  writers  besides 
Eutropius. 

19.  Nisibin  :  he  was  directing  his 
jnarch  to  Artaxata,  but  the  mutiny 

of  his  soldiers  caused  him  to  turn 
aside  to  Nisibis,  the  capital  of  Meso- 
potamia, and  take  up  his  winter 
quarters  there. 

20.  hi:  his  lieutenants,  Fannius 
and  Triarius.  They  had  been  de- 
feated at  Cabira  and  Zela. 

22.  neglegenter  .  .  .  agentes : 
'  conducting  themselves  carelessly 
and  greedily.' 

24.  bellum  renovatum  est :  the 
Romans  were  now  exactly  where 
they  were  at  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war,  Pontus  and  Cappadocia  were 
overrun  by  Mithradates,  and  the 
results  of  eight  years'  warfare  were 
lost. 

Page  55.  Ch.  11.  12.  bellum 
CrSticiim:  the  war  was  in  reality 
directed  against  the  pirates  who 
made  Crete  their  headquarters. 

Ch.  12.  20.  Cn.  Pompeio :  by 
the  Gabinian  law  Pompey  was  in- 
vested with  absolute  authority,  both 


by  sea  and  by  land,  as  far  as  fifty 
miles  into  the  interior,  over  the 
whole  eastern  Mediterranean  for 
three  years. 

quod  .  .  .  confecit  :  in  the 
space  of  forty  days  he  had  swept 
the  whole  western  tract  of  the 
Mediterranean  Sea,  and  had  driven 
the  enemy  into  the  opposite  quarter. 
He  drove  the  pirates  from  the  sea, 
and  compelled  them  to  take  refuge 
in  their  strongholds  in  the  Cilician 
coast.  These  he  speedily  surrounded 
and  captured.  He  burnt  over  1300 
of  their  vessels,  and  destroyed  all 
their  hostile  magazines  and  arsenals. 
In  ninety  days  he  had  terminated 
the  contest. 

22.  ei  .  .  .  Tigranen:  by  the 
Manilian  law  the  authority  he  had 
already  wielded  against  the  pirates 
was  extended  over  all  the  East. 

24.  nocturno  proelio :  Mithra- 
dates at  first  attempted  to  procure 
peace,  but  Pompey  would  hear  of 
nothing  but  unconditional  surrender. 
He  started  to  retire  slowly  but  was 
pursued  by  Pompey,  and  was  over- 
taken in  a  narrow  pass  on  the  Lycus, 
where  the  city  of  Nicopolis  was  after- 
ward built.  Mithradates  escaped 
with  a  few  horsemen  and  fled  to 
Tigranes,  who  refused  to  receive 
him. 

quadraginta  milia :  cf.  centum 
fere  milia,  Ch.  0. 

27.  Phamacis;  Pompey  had  been 
active  in  fostering  intrigues  in  the 
family  of  Mithradates.  He  had 
caused  Pharnaces  to  revolt  and  to 
ally  himself  with  the  Romans,  and 


Pages  55-57] 


NOTES 


143 


had  proclaimed  him  king  at  Panti- 
capaeum. 

Page  56.  ^-  venenum  hausit  : 
Pharnaces  was  about  to  hand  him 
over  to  the  Romans.  The  story  is 
that  he  was  so  inured  to  poisons 
that  he  was  compelled  to  end  his 
life  with  a  sword. 

Ch.  13.  7.  ab  Artaxata  :  Pom- 
pey  was  following  him,  and  was  plan- 
ning to  capture  his  capital  city. 

11.  Syria,  Phoenice  :  also  Gala- 
tia,  Cappadocia,  and  a  part  of  Cilicia 
which  Lucullus  had  taken  away 
from  him,  Pompey  refused  to  return. 

12.  Soph§nene :  Pompey  made 
the  son  of  Tigranes  the  king  of 
Sophanene. 

14.  commovisset :  Subjunctive, 
giving  the  reason  of  the  Romans. 

Ch.  14.  22.  Syriam  :  Syria  was 
disturbed  by  fierce  internal  dissen- 
sions. To  put  an  end  to  the  anarchy 
that  existed  there,  Pompey  resolved 
to  annex  it.  He  drove  from  the 
throne  Antiochus  Asiaticus,  who 
had  been  acknowledged  by  the  sen- 
ate and  by  Lucullus. 

Page  57.  2.  ludaeam  :  the  Jews 
alone  refused  to  obey  his  orders,  and 
sustained  a  siege  of  three  months  at 
Jerusalem.  Although  Rome  had  no 
business  to  interfere  with  the  affairs 
in  this  part  of  the  East,  yet  the 
government  she  gave  to  the  prov- 
inces, formed  from  the  conquered 
territory,  was  stable  and  just  in  the 
main,  and  was  welcome  after  the 
state  of  anarchy  that  had  prevailed. 

Cn.  15.  7.  L.  SergiusCatilina  : 
Catiline  was  a  member  of  a  patrician 


family.  By  his  dissolute  habits  and 
his  luxury  he  had  squandered  all  his 
property  and  had  run  into  debt.  The 
only  relief  was  to  secure  the  consul- 
ship, that  at  the  expiration  of  his  term 
of  office  he  might  be  sent  to  govern 
some  province,  from  the  plunder 
of  which  he  might  acquire  another 
fortune  to  be  spent  in  riotous  living. 
Failing  to  secure  the  consulship,  he 
determined  to  overthrow  the  state. 
He  formed  a  band  of  dissolute  nobles, 
collected  arms  in  various  places, 
stationed  an  armed  force  at  Faesulae 
in  Etruria.  and  made  all  prepara- 
tions for  an  outbreak  as  soon  as  the 
time  was  ripe.  Meanwhile  Cicero 
had  ascertained  all  Catiline's  plans 
by  the  aid  of  the  mistress  of  one  of 
the  conspirators.  Desiring  to  drive 
Catiline  to  some  overt  act,  he  assailed 
him  in  the  senate  on  the  8th  of 
November.  The  oration  he  deliv- 
ered has  been  preserved.  Catiline 
j  hastened  from  the  city  to  the  armed 
force  at  FaeSulae.  The  conspirators 
who  were  left  in  the  city  were  soon 
caught  in  a  treasonable  act,  and 
!  were  arrested  and  strangled  in 
I  prison  by  order  of  the  senate. 
I  Afterwards  Cicero  was  accused  of 
I  having  put  Roman  citizens  to  death 
without  a  trial,  and  was  condemned 
I  to  exile  for  a  time.  Creighton, 
p.  73. 

12.  Catilina  ipse :  it  was  not 
until  March  of  the  next  year  (62 
B.C.)  that  Catiline  was  surrounded, 
while  attempting  to  escape  into 
Gaul,  and  slain. 
Ch.  16.  16.   nulla  .  .   .  fuit:   in 


144 


NOTES 


[Page  57 


this  triumph  was  displayed  a  list  ot 
800  vessels,  1000  fortresses,  and  300 
cities  captured,  39  cities  repeopled, 
and  20,000  talents  of  gold  brought 
to  the  treasury.  "The  great  con- 
queror had  now  celebrated  his  third 
triumph.  His  first  had  been  for 
victories  in  Africa,  his  second  for 
the  overthrow  of  Sertorius  in  Eu- 
rope ;  he  had  now  completed  the 
illustrious  cycle  by  inscribing  on 
the  list  the  name  of  Asia.  Each 
section  of  the  globe  had  succumbed 
to  his  prowess." 

Ch.  17.  23.  C.  lulius  Caesar: 
Gaius  Julius  Caesar  was  born  July 
12,  100  B.C.  He  was  of  a  patrician 
family,  but  from  the  first  sided  with 
the  popular  party.  Many  stories  of 
his  early  youth  are  told.  He  be- 
came pontifex  maximus,  military 
tribune,  and  quaestor  in  succession. 
At  this  period  he  was  noted  chiefly 
as  a  dissolute  debtor  and  a  dema- 
gogue. In  62  B.C.  he  was  elected 
praetor,  and  the  next  year  went  as 
propraetor  to  govern  the  province  of 
Further  Spain.  In  60  b.c.  he  re- 
turned to  Rome  and  formed  a  po- 
litical coalition  with  Pompey  and 
Crassus,  known  as  the  '  First  Tri- 
umvirate.' In  59  B.C.  he  was  elected 
consul,  and,  after  the  expiration  of 
his  year  of  office,  entered  on  the 
governorship  of  Gaul  and  Illyricum 
for  the  period  of  five  years.  This 
was  afterwards  extended  for  an- 
other period  of  the  same  length. 
While  governor  of  the  province  he 
conquered  the  Helvetians  and  a 
wandering    band  of    the  Germans 


who  had  come  over  into  Gaul, 
crushed  a  revolt  of  the  Nervii,  de- 
feated the  Veneti  and  the  Aquitani, 
and  twice  invaded  Germany  and 
Britain.  It  was  Caesar's  intention 
to  stand  for  the  consulship  a  second 
time  as  soon  as  his  term  of  office 
as  governor  of  Gaul  should  expire. 
Pompey,  meanwhile,  had  become 
jealous  of  Caesar's  power  and  had 
gone  over  to  the  senatorial  party. 
A  measure  was  passed  by  the  senate 
declaring  Caesar  to  be  an  outlaw 
unless  he  should  disband  his  army 
and  come  to  Rome  a  private  citizen 
before  a  certain  date.  On  Caesar's 
refusal  to  do  this,  he  was  declared  a 
public  enemy,  and  preparations  for 
war  were  made.  Caesar  advanced 
to  Rome.  Pompey  fled  to  Greece, 
where  he  was  defeated  the  follow- 
ing year  at  Pharsalus,  and  after- 
wards was  murdered  in  Egypt.  At 
the  battle  of  Thapsus  in  Africa,  46 
B.C.,  Caesar  defeated  the  remaining 
leaders  of  the  party,  Cato  and  Scipio. 
This  was  the  end  of  the  war.  He 
returned  to  Rome  and  was  made 
imperator  and  perpetual  dictator. 
He  inaugurated  several  important 
reforms,  among  them  a  reform  in 
the  calendar.  He  formed  many 
other  plans  which  his  death  pre- 
vented him  from  executing.  Finally, 
when  it  was  thought  that  he  was 
aiming  at  the  kingly  power,  a  con- 
spiracy was  formed,  and  he  was 
assassinated  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 
March,  44  b.c. 

"  While    other    illustrious    men 
have  been  reputed  great  for  their 


Pages  57-59] 


NOTES 


145 


excellence  in  some  one  department 
of  intellect,  the  concurrent  voice  of 
antiquity  has  declared  that  Caesar 
was  great  in  all.  '  He  had  genius,' 
says  Cicero,  'understanding,  mem- 
ory, taste,  reflection,  industry,  and 
exactness.' "  The  Story  of  the 
Bomans,  p.  176  ;  Creighton,  p.  74  ; 
The  Roman  Triumvirates^  Ch.  5. 

imperavit :  '  was  emperor '  ;  a 
late  meaning. 

Page  58.  1-  dgcreta  est :  for 
the  number  and  gender  see  H.  395, 1 
(439,  1);  M.  174,  2,  178,  2  ;  A.  &  G. 
187,rt;G.285-6;B.235,A,2,B,2,&,B. 

2.  Helvetios  .  .  .  Sequani :  Eu- 
tropius,  following  the  custom  of  his 
day,  unites  the  Helvetians  and  Se- 
quanians.  In  Caesar's  time  they 
were  quite  distinct.  The  Helvetians 
lived  in  what  is  now  Switzerland ; 
the  Sequanians  were  west  of  the 
Jura  mountains  along  the  Rhone. 

7.  Britannis :  twice  he  invaded 
Britain.  The  first  time  it  was  a 
mere  reconnoissance.  His  conquest 
was  only  partial. 

11.  quadringentiSs :  sc.  centena 
milia  sestertium  ;  about  ^1,640,000. 

Germanos  :  twice  Caesar  crossed 
the  Rhine,  but  only  for  the  purpose 
of  impressing  the  Germans  with  the 
power  of  his  forces.  He  fought  no 
battles  there,  but  he  inflicted  terrible 
defeats  on  two  German  bands  that 
had  come  over  into  Gaul. 

Ch.  18.  17.  M.  Licinius  Cras- 
Bus :  there  was  no  cause  for  war 
against  the  Parthians,  but  Crassus 
was  anxious  to  make  himself  popu- 
lar by  winning  military  renown. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS  —  10 


18.  circa  Carras  :  the  overthrow 
at  Carrae  was  one  of  the  gravest  dis- 
asters ever  sustained  by  the  Roman 
arms  :  20,000  were  slain  and  10,000 
were  carried  into  captivity.  The 
Romans  who  were  made  prisoners 
were  treated  with  indulgence  by  the 
Parthians  and  were  allowed  to  settle 
in  the  land  of  their  conquerors. 
Creighton,  p.  77. 

Page  59.  Ch.  19.  4.  altenim 
consulatum :  this  he  demanded 
in  accordance  with  the  agreement 
formed  between  Pompey,  Crassus, 
and  himself.  He  was  now  eligible 
for  a  second  consulship,  as  ten  years 
had  passed  since  he  was  consul  for 
the  first  time. 

5.  aliqu^:  cf.  aliqud,  Bk.  I,  3. 

contradictum  est  :  lit.  '  it  was 
opposed '  =  '  opposition  was  made.' 

8.  iniurlam  :  "  the  '  injury '  was 
in  depriving  him  of  his  military  com- 
mand, and  leaving  him  without  the 
security  the  consulship  would  have 
afforded."  He  was  willing  to  dis- 
band his  array  and  return  to  Rome 
if  he  could  be  elected  to  the  consul- 
ship in  his  absence,  or  if  Pompey 
would  disband  his  army. 

ab  Arlmino  :  he  had  crossed  the 
small  stream  known  as  the  Rubicon 
which  separated  his  province  from 
Italy.  The  story  is  told  that  as  he 
crossed  the  stream  he  said,  '  The  die 
is  cast,  let  us  go  where  the  gods  and 
the  injustice  of  our  enemies  call  us.' 

mllites  congregates  habebat : 
'  kept  his  troops  collected.' 

Ch.  20.  14.  dictatorem :  with 
the  exception  of  Sulla  there    had 


146 


NOTES 


[Pages  59-(31 


been  no  dictator  since  the  time  of 
the  Second  Punic  War. 

15.  exercitus  .  .  .  superavit: 
at  first  he  met  with  serious  reverses 
at  Ilerda,  but  he  soon  succeeded  in 
compelling  the  Pompeians  to  sur- 
render, and  enrolled  most  of  them  in 
his  army. 

18.  primo  proelio:  at  Dyrrha- 
cium  in  lUyria. 

20.  nee  .  .  .  superari :  Indirect 
Discourse  depending  on  dixit. 

22.  Palaeopharsalum :  this  bat- 
tle is  generally  known  as  the  battle 
of  Pharsalia. 

Page  gQ.  Ch.  21.  4.  numquam 
.  .  .  neque  .  .  .  neque :  "  a  gen- 
eral negative  may  be  subdivided  by 
neque  .  .  .  neque ^  or  aut  .  .  .  autV 

7.  pugnatum  turn  est :  Pompey 
would  have  refused  battle,  but  was 
urged  on  by  his  followers.  The 
knights  and  senators  who  fought  in 
the  Pompeian  ranks  soon  broke  and 
fled.  At  the  first  attack  Pompey 
fled  to  his  camp,  where  he  tried  to 
rally  his  routed  forces,  but  he  was 
unsuccessful.  Leaping  on  his  horse 
at  the  last  moment,  he  escaped 
through  the  rear  gate  of  the  camp, 
nor  did  he  draw  rein  until  he  reached 
Larissa.  Thence  he  hastened  to 
the  coast,  where  he  took  ship  for 
Egypt. 

9.  a  rege  Aegypti :  he  was  only 
a  nominal  king.  Egypt  was  made  a 
province  by  Augustus,  Bk.  VII,  7. 

11.  occldit:  he  caused  Pompey 
to  be  inveigled  into  a  boat,  where  he 
was  murdered  and  his  head  severed 
from  his  body.     His  corpse  was  flung 


into  the  surf,  where  it  was  picked  up 
later  and  burned. 

12.  quo  conspecto  :  '  and  when 
Caesar  had  seen  it.' 

14.  generi  quondam  sui :  Pom- 
pey had  married  Julia,  the  daughter 
of  Caesar,  in  60  u.c.  It  was  her 
death  in  54  b.c.  that  tended  to 
loosen  the  bond  existing  between 
them. 

Ch.  22.  17.  victus  :  Caesar  con- 
quered the  royal  forces  on  the  banks 
of  the  Nile. 

18.  Alexandria:  when  Caesar 
set  fire  to  the  royal  fleet,  the  flames 
consumed  the  great  library  of  Alex- 
andria, containing  400,000  volumes. 
In  this  fire  some  of  the  greatest  lit- 
erary treasures  of  antiquity  per- 
ished. 

Cleopatrae:  the  famous  queen 
who  proved  to  be  the  ruin  of  Antony, 
Bk.  VII,  6,  7. 

20.  Pompeio  in  auxilium :  Eu- 
tropius  seldom  uses  the  double  Da- 
tive ;  cf.  Romanis  fuisset  auxilio, 
Bk.  IV,  3. 

22.  vioit  acie :  it  was  after  this 
battle  that  Caesar  sent  to  the  senate 
the  famous  message  reul,  mcfi,  rid, 
'  I  came,  I  saw,  I  conquered.' 

Pagk  61.  Ch.  23.  2.  ei  .  .  .  dic- 
tator! :  '  while  he  was  dictator '  ; 
dictdtori  is  in  apposition  with  e'l. 

6.  hic  etiam  :  '  he  also ' ;  as  well 
as  Caesar. 

7.  M.  Porcius  Cato :  he  was  the 
great-grandson  of  the  M.  Porcius 
Cato  mentioned  in  Bk.  IV,  23. 
He  is  known  in  history  as  Cato 
Uticensis,  from  Utica,  where  he  com- 


Pages  61-63] 


NOTES 


14' 


mitted  suicide.  He  was  famous  for 
the  austerity  of  his  manners  and  for 
his  studied  imitation  of  the  customs 
of  early  days. 

9.  victor  fuit:  in  the  battle  of 
Thapsus. 

Ch.  24.  15.  Cn.  Pompeius  :  he 
had  gone  into  Spain  and  had  gath- 
ered around  him  adventurers  of  all 
sorts.  At  first  Caesar  had  sent  of- 
ficers to  subdue  the  revolt,  but  find- 
ing their  efforts  unsuccessful,  he  took 
command  in  person.  After  encoun- 
tering great  personal  danger,  he 
gained  a  complete  victory.  Thirty 
thousand  of  the  vanquished  per- 
ished. Gnaeus  Pompey  escaped 
from  the  field,  but  was  afterward 
overtaken  and  slain.  Sextus,  the 
younger  son  of  Pompey,  was  the 
only  leader  of  the  republican  party 
left. 

Page  62.  Ch.  25.  1.  honores: 
'  offices '  ;  political  honors. 

3.  regia  ac  paene  tyrannica: 
'  like  a  king  and  almost  like  a 
usurper.'  Nepos  defines  a  tyran- 
nus  as  one  '  who  is  in  perpetual 
power  in  that  state  which  enjoyed 
liberty.' 

8.  senatus  die :  '  on  the  day  of 
the  senate '  ;  on  the  day  when  the 
senate  met. 

9.  curiam:  Caesar  was  slain  in 
the  Curia  in  the  Campus  Martins. 

Book  VII 
Ch.    1.    12.   partium  Caesaris : 

'of  Caesar's  party.'  Antony  at 
first  pretended  to  favor  the  tyran- 
nicides :  but  after  he  had  obtained 


possession  of  the  papers  and  treasure 
of  Caesar,  he  changed  sides  and  en- 
deavored to  crush  them. 

16.  Octavianus  :  he  was  the  son 
of  Gains  Octavius  and  Atia,  a 
daughter  of  Julia,  the  sister  of 
Caesar.  After  his  adoption  he  took 
the  name  of  Octavianus. 

19.  Augustus  :  this  was  a  title 
conferred  upon  him  after  the  battle 
of  Actium,  when  he  refused  the 
title  of  dictator. 

rerum  potitus :  potior  regularly 
takes  the  Genitive  in  this  phrase. 
Cf.  Alexandria  potUtis,  Bk.  VI,  22. 

qui  .  .  .  tres  duces :  '  these  three 
leaders.' 

20.  vicenmt  eum  :  in  the  battle 
of  Mutina,  43  n.c. 

Page  63.  1-  morerentur:  they 
were  wounded  in  battle,  but  Augus- 
tus was  accused  of  having  murdered 
them. 

Ch.  2.  3.  Lepidum :  Marcus 
Aemilius  Lepidus,  Bk.  VI,  1,  5,  23. 
He  was  in  Gaul  at  this  time,  being 
governor  of  Gaul  and  Spain.  After 
he  received  Antonius,  they  crossed 
the  Alps  at  the  head  of  a  large  body 
of  troops  and  met  Augustus  in  the 
north  of  Italy. 

6.  pacem  .  .  .  fecit :  this  was 
known  as  the  '  Second  Triumvirate.' 
Antony,  Augustus,  and  Lepidus  di- 
vided the  Roman  world  among 
them. 

8.  vicesimo  anno :  he  was  far 
below  the  legal  age,  43. 

9.  senatum  proscripsit :  300 
senators  and  2000  knights  were  in- 
cluded in  the  proscription.     "  Each 


148 


NOTES 


[Pages  63,  64 


marked  his  victims'  names  upon  the 
fatal  list,  and  each  consented  to  give 
up  adherents  of  his  own  to  the  greed 
or  hatred  of  his  colleagues," 

11.  Cicero  orator  occisus  est: 
Augustus  tried  to  save  him,  but 
Antony,  whose  hatred  Cicero  had 
incurred,  demanded  his  death,  and 
Augustus  was  forced  to  yield. 

Cn.  3.  17.  Philippos:  the  bat- 
tle of  Philippi  was  fought  in  Novem- 
ber, 42  B.C.  Creighton,  p.  82  ;  The 
Boman  Triinnvirates,  p.  210. 

19.  Cassius  :  Cassius  was  routed 
and  committed  suicide. 

Brutum :  after  his  forces  were 
routed,  Brutus  was  compelled  to  kill 
himself  to  prevent  capture. 

infinitam  nobilitatem  :  '  very 
many  of  the  nobility.' 

21.  divisa  est  res  publica: 
Lepidus  took  the  province  of  Af- 
rica, Augustus  the  West,  and  An- 
tony the  East. 

23.  bellum  civile  :  after  the  cap- 
ture of  Perusia,  Antony  threatened 
war,  but  he  made  a  truce  with 
Augustus,  whose  sister  Octavia  he 
married. 

Page  64.  Cn.  4.  1.  Sex.  Pom- 
peio  :  the  son  of  Pompeiiis  Magnus, 
of.  Bk.  VI,  24.  He  had  collected  a 
band  of  pirates  and  had  made  him- 
self master  of  the  Mediterranean. 

5.  pax  postremo  convenit : 
the  agreement  at  Misenum.  In  ac- 
cordance with  this,  Pompey  was  to 
retain  his  command  over  the  sea 
and  the  islands  of  Sicily,  Sardinia, 
and  Corsica. 

Ch.  5.  6.  M.  Agrippa  :  Marcus 


Vipsanius  Agrippa  had  been  a  fel- 
low-student with  Augustus.  He 
was  a  gallant  soldier  and  a  devoted 
friend.  It  was  largely  by  his  aid 
that  Augustus  secured  his  power 
and  retained  it. 

7.  Persas :  i.e.  the  Parthians. 
Eutropius  used  Persae  for  the  Par- 
thians who  claimed  descent  from 
the  old  Persian  kings. 

10.  Crassmn  occiderat :  Bk. 
VI,  18. 

11.  triumphum  R5mae  egit: 
several  of  the  Roman  standards  lost 
at  Carrhae  were  restored  by  the 
Parthians,  and  were  carried  in  the 
triumphal  procession. 

Ch.  6.  12.  navali  proelio :  at 
the  battle  of  Naulochus,  36  b.c. 
The  Boman  Triumvirates,  p.  219. 
Shortly  afterward  Lepidus  set  up  the 
standard  of  revolt.  He  was  de- 
feated by  Augustus  and  his  power 
was  taken  from  him,  but  his  life 
was  spared. 

16.  ipse  pugnavit :  he  lacked 
the  engines  necessary  for  reducing 
the  strongly  fortified  cities  of  the 
enemy,  and  besides  he  was  very 
anxious  to  return  to  Alexandria. 

17.  fame  .  .  .  laboravit:  his 
retreat  has  been  compared  to  the 
flight  of  Napoleon  from  Moscow. 

18.  pro  victo:  'for  conquered' 
=  '  as  if  conquered.' 

Ch.  7.  20.  dum  .  .  .  optat  =  op- 
tans,  '  hoping. '  The  world  could  not 
endure  two  masters.  It  was  natural 
that  they  should  disagree,  and  that 
the  stronger  should  conquer. 

22.  apud  Actium  :  September  2, 


Pages  64-66] 


NOTES 


149 


31  B.C.  Antony  had  collected  a 
large  naval  and  land  force,  but  his 
ships  were  too  large  to  be  handled 
easily,  and  many  of  his  land  forces 
deserted.  In  the  midst  of  the  fight 
Cleopatra  fled  in  her  galley,  and 
Antony  basely  deserted  his  forces 
and  followed  her.  Creighton,  p.  82  ; 
The  Roman  Triumvirates^  p.  225. 

23.  ex  qut:  the  antecedent  of 
qua  is  pugnd. 

25.  exstincta  est :  she  was  too 
proud  to  be  carried  to  Rome  to 
adorn  the  triumphal  procession  of 
her  conqueror. 

Page  65.  Cii.  8.  7.  duodecim 
annis  =  per  annos  above :  the  Abla- 
tive makes  the  limits  of  the  time 
more  prominent  than  the  duration. 

8.  principatus  :  '  leadership  '  ; 
afterwards  the  '  sovereignty '  of 
the  emperors  ;  cf .  prmceps^  English 
'  prince,' 

10.  morte  commuiii :  '  a  natural 
death ' ;  cf .  morbo  decessit,  Bk.  1, 3. 
There  was  a  report  that  he  was 
poisoned  by  Livia,  his  wife. 

11.  Atella:  it  is  generally  agreed 
that  he  died  at  Nola,  near  Naples. 

sepultus  est :  the  ruins  of  his 
mausoleum  still  exist. 

12.  ex  maxima  parte  :  '  in  very 
many  respects.' 

15.  civilissime  :  '  in  a  manner 
most  becoming  a  citizen'  ;  cf. 
clviles,  Bk.  I,  9. 

16.  ut  .  .  .  suo :  '  that  he  placed 
them  almost  on  a  level  with  his  own 
dignity.' 

17.  aequaret:  sc.  eos.  Aeqndre 
may  also  take  cum  with  the  Ablative. 


Page  66-  Ch.  9.  6.  quod  nulli 
antea :  sc.  dederunt. 

8.  Crasso  victo  :  '  from  Crassus 
when  he  was  defeated.' 

Ch.  10.  14.  in  honorem  eius : 
the  compliment  was  not  in  the 
founding,  but  in  the  naming, 

18.  Divus  appellatus  :  i.e.  he 
was  deified  and  became  the  object 
of  a  national  worship.  In  the 
provinces  he  was  worshiped  before 
his  death. 

Tiberio  :  Tiberius  Claudius  Nero 
was  the  son  of  Tiberius  Nero  and 
Livia,  the  third  wife  of  Augustus. 
He  first  married  the  daughter  of 
Agrippa,  whom  he  divorced  at  the 
command  of  the  Emperor  and 
married  Julia,  Augustus'  daughter 
and  the  widow  of  Marcus  Agrippa. 
After  the  death  of  Gaius  and 
Lucius  Caesar,  the  sons  of  Agrippa 
and  Julia,  Tiberius  was  given  the 
tribunician  power  and  was  adopted 
by  Augustus  as  his  successor. 

Ch.  11.  21.  ingenti  socordia 
.  .  .  libidine :  probably  the  char- 
acter of  Tiberius  was  maligned  by 
the  Roman  historians.  The  people 
disliked  him  on  account  of  his 
' '  dark  and  gloomy  temper,  with 
no  grace  or  geniality  of  manner, 
shunning  the  pleasures  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  seldom  generous  or  open- 
handed."  But  we  must  note  the 
many  marks  of  bias  and  exaggera- 
tion in  the  common  story,  and  we 
may  well  believe  that  the  ancient 
writers  formed  too  harsh  an  opinion 
of  his  motives  in  some  cases,  and 
reported    scandalous     gossips    too 


150 


NOTES 


[Pages  66-68 


lightly.  Creighton,  pp.  89-91 ; 
The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  II. 

25.  Archelaum:  he  was  sum- 
moned to  Rome  soon  after  the  ac- 
cession of  Tiberius  and  accused  of 
treason.  His  life  was  spared,  but 
he  was  obliged  to  remain  at  Home, 
where  he  died  in  17  a.d. 

Page  67.  1.  Caesarea:  called 
Caesarea  ad  Argaeiim  to  distin- 
guish it  from  other  cities  of  the 
same  name.  It  was  situated  at  the 
foot  of  Mt.  Argaeus  and  was  a  place 
of  great  antiquity,  its  foundation 
having  been  ascribed  to  Mesech, 
the  son  of  Japhet. 

Ch.  12.  5.  C.  Caesar:  Gaius 
Caesar  Augustus  Germanicus  was 
the  son  of  Germanicus  and  Agrip- 
pina.  He  was  born  in  the  camp, 
probably  in  Germany,  and  was 
reared  among  the  soldiers.  He  re- 
ceived the  surname  of  Caligula  from 
his  being  arrayed  in  a  mimic  uni- 
form and  wearing  a  pair  of  caligae 
or  soldiers'  boots.  At  first  he  ruled 
well ;  but  his  sense  of  power  turned 
his  head,  and  the  latter  part  of  his 
reign  was  marked  by  excesses  of  all 
sorts.  Creighton,  p.  92  ;  The  Early 
Empire^  Ch.  III. 

Cii.  13.  13.  Claudius:  Tiberius 
Claudius  Drusus  Nero  Caesar  Ger- 
manicus was  the  second  son  of 
Drusus  and  Antonia,  the  brother 
of  Germanicus,  the  father  of  Ca- 
ligula. In  early  life  he  had  been 
weak  in  mind  and  body,  and  had 
been  despised  or  neglected.  As 
emperor  he  was  ruled  by  his 
wives  and  favorites.  Narcissus  and 


Pallas.  He  was  poisoned  by  his  last 
wife,  Agrippina,  who  was  anxious 
that  her  son  Domitius  Ahenobarbus 
by  her  former  husband  might  suc- 
ceed to  the  empire.  Suetonius  in 
his  '  Lives  of  the  Caesars '  gives  a 
very  dark  picture  of  the  reign  of 
Claudius.  Creighton,  p.  93;  The 
Early  Empire^  Ch.  IV. 

22.  Britannici  :  the  son  of 
Claudius  and  Messalina,  his  first 
wife.  On  the  accession  of  Nero, 
Britannicus  was  poisoned. 

Page  68.  On.  14.  1.  Nero  : 
Claudius  Caesar,  surnamed  Nero, 
was  the  son  of  Domitius  Aheno- 
barbus and  Agrippina.  His  early 
youth  was  spent  in  study  under  the 
philosopher  Seneca,  who  remained 
his  counselor  for  several  years. 
During  the  first  five  years  of  his 
reign  he  was  mild  and  just.  The 
later  years  were  filled  with  all  sorts 
of  excesses,  and  were  marked  by 
great  cruelty.  Creighton,  p.  93; 
The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  V. 

9.  urbem  Romam  incendit:  it 
is  very  improbable  that  Nero  was 
guilty  of  this  crime.  Rome  was 
almost  destroyed-  in  this  conflagra- 
tion. Of  the  fourteen  districts  into 
which  the  city  was  divided,  only  four 
remained  untouched  by  the  flames. 
The  fire  raged  for  six  days  and 
seven  nights ;  and,  after  it  was 
thought  to  have  been  extinguished, 
it  burst  forth  again,  and  continued 
for  two  days  longer.  On  this  occa- 
sion Nero  appears  to  have  acted 
with  great  liberality  and  kindness. 
He  caused  provisions  to  be  sold  at  a 


Pages  68-70] 


NOTES 


151 


very  low  price  and  the  imperial  gar- 
dens to  be  opened  to  the  people, 
and  temporary  shelters  to  be  erected 
for  their  accommodation.  That  he 
might  remove  suspicion  from  him- 
self, Nero  caused  it  to  be  reported 
that  the  Christians  had  set  fire  to 
the  city,  and  a  number  of  them  was 
seized  and  put  to  death.  This  was 
the  first  persecution  of  the  Chris- 
tians by  the  Romans,  64  a.d. 
Ch.  15.  22.  a  saxo  :  sc.  Tarpeid. 

23.  liberti :  his  name  was  Phaon. 
Salariam:   the  Via  Salaria  ran 

north  from  Rome  to  Ancona  on  the 
Adriatic. 

24.  interfecit :  "At  last  comes 
Phaon's  courier  with  the  news  that 
the  senate  had  put  a  price  upon  his 
head  ;  the  tramp  of  the  horses  tells 
him  that  his  pursuers  are  on  his 
track,  and  fear  gives  him  the  nerve 
to  put  the  dagger  to  his  throat, 
while,  true  to  the  passion  of  his 
life,  he  mutters,  '  What  a  loss  my 
death  will  be  to  art ! '  "  7^he  Early 
Empire,  p.  127. 

25.  Neronianae :  the  ruins  of 
the  bath  may  still  be  seen  near  the 
Pantheon. 

Pace  69.  Ch.  16.  1.  Serv.  Galba : 
Servius  Sulpicius  Galba  was  born  in 
the  reign  of  Augustus  of  a  patrician 
family.  He  was  in  Spain  when 
Julius  Vindex,  the  proconsular  gov- 
ernor of  Gaul,  rose  against  Nero. 
Galba  joined  him,  and  Otho,  gov- 
ernor of  Lusitania,  followed  his  ex- 
ample. He  was  saluted  as  emperor 
by  the  soldiers,  and  the  senate  was 
forced  to  ratify  their  choice.     The 


emperors  from  this  time  on  were 
set  up  and  overthrown  at  the  will 
of  the  army.  He  was  very  parsi- 
monious in  his  dealings  and  so  lost 
the  good  will  of  the  soldiers,  who 
were  ready  to  aid  any  revolt  against 
him.  He  ruled  for  only  seven 
months.  Creighton,  p.  96 ;  The 
Early  Empire,  Ch.  VI. 

Cii.  17.  12.  Otho:  Marcus  Sal- 
vius  Otho  was  Roman  emperor 
from  January  15  to  April  16,  69 
A.I).  He  was  the  husband  of  the 
beautiful  but  infamous  Poppaea 
Sabina,  whom  Nero  took  from  him 
and  made  his  own.  He  was  after- 
wards sent  to  Lusitania,  where  he 
governed  with  justice  and  modera- 
tion. Creighton,  p.  96  ;  The  Early 
Empire,  Ch.  VTI. 

14.  mollis:   'effeminate.' 

22.  voluntaria  morte  obiit :  he 
put  an  end  to  his  life  at  Brixellum 
in  Cisalpine  Gaul. 

23.  nonagesimo  et  quinto  im- 
perii die  :  Eutropius  is  slightly  mis- 
taken. 

Page  70.  Ch.  18.  1.  Vitellius  : 
Aulus  Vitellius  was  Roman  emperor 
from  January  2  to  December  22,  69 
A.I).  When  the  news  of  Galba's 
death  reached  Upper  Germany, 
where  Vitellius  was  in  command, 
his  legions  proclaimed  him  emperor 
at  Cologne.  He  immediately  sent 
his  generals,  Fabius  Valens  and 
Caecina,  at  the  head  of  a  large 
force,  to  Italy,  and,  having  defeated 
Otho's  troops,  obtained  the  undis- 
puted command  of  all  the  West. 
He  was  moderate  in  his  rule,  dis- 


152 


NOTES 


[Pages  70,  71 


turbing  no  one  in  the  enjoyment 
of  what  had  been  given  by  Nero, 
Galba,  or  Otho.  He  was  a  glutton 
and  an  epicure,  spending  enormous 
sums  on  his  table.  Creighton,  p.  96 ; 
The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  VIII. 

10.  id  .  .  .  ferret :  '  aimed  so 
openly  at  this. ' 

13.  cum  Capitolio  :  "  In  the  con- 
fusion of  the  fight  the  famous  temple 
of  Jupiter  caught  fire.  All  were  too 
busy  to  give  time  or  thought  to  stay 
the  flames,  and  in  a  few  hours  only 
ruins  were  left  of  the  greatest  of 
the  national  monuments  of  Rome, 
which,  full  of  the  associations  of  the 
past,  had  served  for  ages  as  a  sort 
of  record  office  in  which  were  treas- 
ured the  memorials  of  ancient  his- 
tory, the  laws,  the  treaties,  and  the 
proclamations  of  old  times.  The 
loss  was  one  that  could  not  be  re- 
placed. ' '     The  Early  Empire,  p.  146. 

17.  inTiberim  .  .  .  sepultura: 
Eutropius  is  mistaken.  His  body 
was  recovered  and  buried  by  his 
wife,  Galeria  Fundana. 

Ch.  19.  20.  Vespasianus :  Titus 
Flavins  Sabinus  Vespasian.  He  was 
proclaimed  emperor  at  Alexandria 
on  the  1st  of  July,  69  a.d.,  although 
it  was  a  year  before  he  entered 
Rome.  He  lived  more  like  a  pri- 
vate person  than  like  the  emperor 
of  Rome.  The  many  stories  that 
are  told  of  his  avarice  and  his  meth- 
ods of  raising  money  are  probably 
exaggerated.  Although  he  was  fru- 
gal in  his  personal  expenditures,  he 
spent  large  sums  in  adorning  the 
city.     He  was  the  first  of  the  Fla- 


vian dynasty.  The  others  were  his 
two  sons  and  successors.  He  died 
on  the  24th  of  June,  79  a.d.  "  His 
last  words  were  characteristic  of  his 
somewhat  cynical  humour,  '  Me- 
thinks  I  am  becoming  a  god.'" 
Creighton,  p.  96  ;  The  Early  Empire, 
Ch.  IX. 

Page  71.  8.  Hierosolyma :  Ves- 
pasian was  besieging  Jerusalem  when 
the  war  broke  out  between  Otho  and 
Vitellius.  When  he  started  for 
Rome  he  left  Titus,  his  son,  in  charge 
of  the  war  against  the  Jews.  Titus 
captured  the  city  after  a  stubborn 
siege  of  five  months,  September  8, 
70  A.D.,  and  despite  his  efforts  the 
Temple  was  burned.  Thousands  of 
Jews  perished  in  the  siege. 

11.  egerant  =/z<era;i^. 

Ch.  20.  15.  coercitor :  '  en- 
forcer '  ;  the  word  is  apax  lego- 
menon. 

hic  .  .  .  triumphavit :  in  71  a.d. 
when  Titus  returned  to  Rome. 

20.  genituram,.  .  .  habuit :  'he 
so  knew  the  horoscope  of  his  sons.' 

Ch.  21.  25.  Titus  :  Titus  Flavins 
Sabinus  Vespasian.  His  early  years 
were  spent  in  military  service  in 
Britain  and  Germany.  He  won 
great  credit  as  a  general  and  a  sol- 
dier. When  he  returned  to  Rome 
after  the  fall  of  Jerusalem,  he  con- 
ducted himself  in  such  a  manner  as 
to  cause  a  fear  that  his  rule  would 
resemble  that  of  Nero.  But  after 
he  became  emperor  he  changed  his 
manner  of  living,  and  his  whole 
reign  was  marked  by  a  sincere  desire 
for  the  happiness  of  his  people.    The 


Pages  71-74] 


NOTES 


153 


year  79  a.d.  is  memorable  for  the 
great  eruption  of  Vesuvius,  attended 
by  the  destruction  of  Pompeii  and 
Herculaneum.  He  completed  the 
Colosseum,  often  called  the  Flavian 
Amphitheater.  When  he  died,  after 
a  reign  of  only  two  years,  there  v^as 
a  suspicion  that  he  had  been  poi- 
soned by  his  brother  Domitian, 
Creighton,  p.  98 ;  The  Early  Em- 
pire, Ch.  X. 

26.  omnium  .  .  .  mirSbilis :  '  re- 
markable for  every  species  of  virtue.' 

Page  72.  Ch.  22.  17.  tamquam 
.  .  .  orbitate  :  '  mourned  as  for  a 
loss  in  their  own  families.' 

Ch.  23.  21.  Domitianus:  Titus 
Flavins  Domitian.  Vespasian  was 
aware  of  his  son's  disposition  and 
put  no  confidence  in  him.  When 
Vespasian  died,  Domitian  tried  to 
arouse  the  soldiers  against  his  brother 
Titus.  After  his  brother  became 
emperor,  Domitian  was  treated  with 
gi-eat  kindness,  and  several  offices 
were  shared  with  him.  At  first  mild 
and  just,  he  soon  became  suspicious 
and  cruel.  In  Britain  alone  were 
the  Roman  arms  successful  during 
his  reign.  In  all  other  places  defeat 
and  disgraceful  compromises  with 
the  enemy  marked  his  campaigns. 
Finally  his  cruelty  became  unbear- 
able, and  g,  conspiracy  was  formed 
by  the  officers  of  the  guard,  several 
of  his  intimate  friends,  and  even  his 
wife  Domatilla,  and  he  was  slain 
after  a  desperate  struggle.  Creigh- 
ton, p.  98 ;  The  Early  Empire,  Ch.  XI. 

27.  dominum :  here  it  has  the 
New  Testament  meaning,  '  Lord.' 


Page   73.    13.    Palatio :    in  the 

Flavian  Palace  on  the  Palatine  Hill. 
Extensive  remains  of  this  structure 
still  exist.  At  first  the  word  Pald- 
tium  was  applied  only  to  the  hill, 
but  from  the  time  of  Augustus  it 
meant  a  '  palace,'  especially  the  im- 
perial palace  of  the  Caesars. 

Book  VIII 

Ch.  1.  20.  Nerva :  Marcus  Coc- 
ceius  Nerva  was  born  at  Narnia  in 
Umbria  in  32  a.d.  He  was  consul 
with  Vespasian  in  71  a.d.  and  with 
Domitian  in  90  a.  d.  After  the  assas- 
sination of  Domitian  he  was  declared 
emperor  by  the  Roman  people  and 
the  soldiers,  and  his  administration 
restored  tranquillity  to  the  troubled 
state.  He  stopped  proceedings 
against  those  accused  of  treason 
and  permitted  many  exiles  to  re- 
turn. Though  he  was  virtuous  and 
humane,  he  did  not  possess  the 
necessary  vigor  for  checking  the 
many  abuses  that  existed.  He 
adopted  as  his  son  and  successor 
Marcus  Ulpius  Traian,  who  was 
then  at  the  head  of  the  army  in  Ger- 
many. He  died  suddenly  on  the  27th 
of  January,  98  a.  d.  Creighton,  p.  99 ; 
The  Age  of  the  Antonines,  Ch.  I. 

22.  operam  dante :  '  giving  him 
aid,  assisting  him.' 

Petronio  Secundo,  PartheniS : 
Nerva  could  not  prevent  the  Praeto- 
rian soldiers  from  putting  them  to 
death. 

Page  74.  3.  aetatis  .  .  .  amio : 
Eutropius  is  mistaken.  He  was 
sixty-five  years  old  when  he  died. 


154 


NOTES 


[Pages  74,  75 


4.  inter  Divos  relatus  est:  cf. 
Dlvus  appellatus,  Bk.  VII,  10. 

Ch.  2.  5.  Traianus :  Marcus 
Ulpius  Traian  was  born  at  Italica 
near  Seville  in  Spain,  September  18, 
52  A.D.  He  was  trained  to  arms, 
and  rose  through  the  various  offices 
to  the  rank  of  praetor.  He  was 
adopted  by  Nerva  in  97  a.d.  After 
Nerva's  death  he  became  emperor, 
being  the  first  Roman  emperor  who 
was  born  out  of  Italy.  He  was  a 
great  soldier  and  a  good  adminis- 
trator. Good  sense,  a  knowledge  of 
the  world,  and'  sound  judgment 
characterized  him.  Just  and  sin- 
cere in  his  desire  for  the  happiness 
of  the  people,  he  was  one  of  the 
best  emperors  that  governed  Rome. 
He  crushed  the  Dacians,  success- 
fully waged  war  against  the  Par- 
thians,  and  brought  peace  and 
prosperity  to  the  whole  Roman 
world.  Creighton,  p.  99  ;  The  Age 
of  the  Antonines^  Ch.  II. 

13.  Daciam:  Trajan  conducted 
two  campaigns  against  the  Dacians, 
101-103  A.n.  and  104-106  a.d.  On 
his  return  from  the  second  cam- 
paign he  celebrated  a  triumph  and 
entertained  the  people  with  games 
lasting  123  days.  "It  is  said  that 
11,(X)0  animals  were  slaughtered 
during  these  amusements,  and  that 
10,000  gladiators  fought  in  the 
arena." 

16.  tenuit  =  hahuit. 

Ch.  3.  17.  Armeniam :  Trajan 
began  this  campaign  in  1 14  a.  d.  The 
winter  of  the  same  year  he  spent  at 
Antioch.    During  the  next  two  years 


he  conquered  the  greater  part  of  the 
Parthian  empire,  taking  the  capital 
city  Ctesiphon. 

Page  75.  Ch.  4.  3.  amicos  .  .  . 
frequentans  :  '  going  often  to  his 
friends  to  salute  them.' 

4.  festos  dies  habuissent: 
'they  were  celebrating  feast  days.' 

indiscreta  :  '  with  no  distinction 
of  rank.' 

6.  nihil  .  .  .  agens :  his  finances 
were  prosperous,  partly  owing  to 
good  management,  and  partly  from 
the  success  of  certain  mining  opera- 
tions in  Dacia. 

9.  per  orbem  .  .  .  multa :  "  He 
constructed  several  good  roads  in 
the  provinces  and  Italy  ;  among 
them  was  the  road  across  the 
Pomptine  Marshes.  At  Ostia  he 
built  a  large  new  basin.  At  Rome 
he  constructed  the  aqueduct  called 
by  his  name,  built  a  theater  in  the 
Campus  Martins,  and,  above  all, 
made  the  Forum  Traianum,  with  its 
basilicas  and  libraries,  and  his 
column  in  the  center." 

10.  nihil  non:  the  figure  of  Li- 
totes, affirming  a  thing  by  denying 
its  contrary  ;  cf.  nun  compdrinsset, 
Bk.  I,  2. 

Ch.  5.  19.  belli  domique :  H. 
484,  2  (426,  2)  ;  M.  242,  2  ;  A.  &  G. 
258,  d;  G.  411,  2;  B.  232,  2. 

20.  Seluciam:  it  is  generally 
stated  that  he  lived  to  reach  Selinus 
in  Cilicia,  where  he  died  in  August, 

117  A.D. 

23.  solus  .  .  .  sepultus  est :  he 
was  the  only  one  of  the  emperors 
who  was   buried   within  the  city. 


Pages  75-77] 


NOTES 


155 


This  privilege  was  enjoyed  by  the 
Vestal  Virgins. 

24.  in  foro :  the  Forum  Trdid- 
num  was  probably  the  most  mag- 
nificent of  all  the  Roman  fora.  It 
occupied  a  large  space  between  the 
Capitoline  and  the  Quirinal  Hills, 
the  latter  of  which  was  cut  away  to 
make  room  for  it.  Among  the  many 
buildings  it  contained  were  two 
libraries,  one  for  Latin  and  the  other 
for  Greek  manuscripts.  It  contained 
also  the  famous  Column  of  Trajan. 
This  column,  composed  of  huge 
dnims  of  white  marble,  is  pierced 
within.  A  bas-relief  of  the  chief 
events  of  the  Dacian  war  winds 
round  the  shaft.     It  is  still  standing. 

25.  CXLIV  pedes  :  this  was  the 
height  of  the  Quirinal  Hill  that  was 
cut  away. 

26.  habet  =  est. 

huius  .  .  .  delatum  est :  '  so 
much  respect  has  been  paid  to  his 
memory.' 

Page  76.  Cn.  6.  3.  Aelius  Ha- 
drianus:  Publius  Aelius  Hadrian 
was  with  Trajan  when  the  latter 
died.  With  the  consent  of  the 
Syrian  army  he  assumed  the  reins 
of  government  and  his  act  was  rati- 
fied by  the  senate.  Although  he 
lost  some  of  the  territory  that  Tra- 
jan had  added  to  the  Empire,  he 
strengthened  and  united  the  re- 
mainder. He  was,  in  general,  a 
just  and  able  ruler  ;  yet  at  times  he 
showed  himself  revengeful,  suspi- 
cious, and  cruel.  He  died  of  dropsy 
atBaiae,  138  a.d.,  in  the  sixty-third 
year  of  his  life.     Creighton,  p.  100  ; 


The  Age  of  the  Antonines,  Ch. 
III. 

7.  gloriae  invidens :  more  prob- 
ably he  saw  that  the  Empire  had 
become  too  large  to  be  governed 
successfully. 

Ch.  7.  17.  orbem  Romanum 
circumiit:  he  visited  every  prov- 
ince in  the  Empire,  correcting 
abuses,  and  examining  the  adminis- 
tration of  government. 

18.  multa  aedificavit:  among 
other  famous  buildings  the  Mauso- 
leum of  Hadrian,  now  called  the 
Castle  of  St.  Angelo. 

Ch.  8.  27.  T.  Antoninus:  his 
full  name  was  Titus  Aurelius  Ful- 
vius  Boionius  Antoninus,  called  Pius 
because  he  persuaded  the  senate  to 
grant  to  his  adopted  father  Hadrian 
the  apotheosis  and  other  honors 
usually  paid  to  deceased  emperors. 
"  His  reign  is  almost  a  blank  in  his- 
tory —  a  blank  caused  by  a  suspen- 
sion for  a  time  of  war,  violence, 
and  crime."  Although  he  waged 
no  war  for  conquest,  he  defended 
the  provinces  with  vigor,  warring 
against  the  Moors  and  Britons,  and 
the  untamed  races  of  the  Phine  and 
the  Danube.  Creighton,  p.  101  ; 
The  Age  of  the  Antonines^  Ch.  IV. 

Page  77.  ^-  bonis  honorem 
habens :  '  paying  respect  to  the 
good. ' 

14.  Lorium :  in  Etruria  on  the 
Via  Aurelia. 

Ch.  9.  18.  M.  Antoninus  Verus: 
he  is  generally  known  as  Marcus 
Aurelius.  He  was  the  adopted  son 
of    Antoninus    Pius.      When   only 


156 


NOTES 


[Pages  77-79 


twelve  years  old  he  assumed  the 
philosophic  mantle  and  gave  him- 
self up  to  the  study  of  philosophy, 
attaching  himself  to  the  Stoic  school. 
After  he  became  emperor  he  asso- 
ciated Lucius  Antoninus  Verus,  his 
brother,  with  him  in  the  govern- 
ment. Although  they  were  entirely 
different  in  character,  they  reigned 
conjointly  with  no  disagreement. 
His  *  Meditations  '  have  survived. 
Creighton,  p.  101  ;  The  Age  of  the 
Antonines,  Ch.  V. 

23.  singulos  .  .  .  Augustos : 
'one  Augustus  (emperor)  at  a  time.' 

Ch.  10.  28.  contra  Parthos : 
Lucius  Verus  nominally  had  the 
guidance  of  the  war,  but  it  was  car- 
ried on  by  his  lieutenants  while  he 
lingered  in  Antioch. 

Page  78.  Ch.  12.  21.  Apollo- 
nium  Chalcedonium :  called  Apol- 
lonius  Dyscolus.  "  He  is  the  father 
of  scientific  Grammar,  being  the  first 
to  reduce  it  to  a  systematic  form." 

24.  Fronts :  Marcus  Cornelius 
Fronto.  He  acquired  great  reputa- 
tion as  a  rhetorician  and  grammarian 
at  Rome  in  the  reign  of  Hadrian. 
Some  of  his  letters  to  his  pupils, 
Marcus  Aurelius  and  Lucius  Verus, 
were  found  in  the  present  century. 

hic  .  .  .  egit :  '  he  treated  all  at 
Rome  with  equality.' 

26.  provincias  .  .  .  traotavit : 
he  did  not  visit  the  provinces,  but 
kept  himself  thoroughly  informed  of 
the  details  of  their  administration. 

Page  79.  1-  ©o  principe :  'dur- 
ing his  reign  ' ;  cf.  his  regnantibus, 
Bk.  I,  2. 


bellum  .  .  .  Marcomannicum : 

the  Marcomanni,  '  men  of  the 
marshes,'  were  a  German  tribe 
that  threatened  destruction  to  the 
Roman  Empire.  For  thirteen  years 
Marcus  Aurelius  with  difficulty  held 
them  in  check.  He  built  many  for- 
tresses and  a  great  wall  to  restrain 
them. 

2.  quantum  .  .  .  fuit :  '  it  was 
greater  than  any  in  the  memory 
of  man';  i.e.  there  had  been  no 
war  with  the  Germans  equally  for- 
midable. 

5.  pestilentiae  :  the  plague  broke 
out  in  167  A.D.  and  lasted  for  sev- 
eral years,  despite  all  efforts  to 
check  its  ravages.  It  was  probably 
brought  to  Rome  by  the  soldiers  re- 
turning from  the  expedition  against 
the  Parthians. 

Ch.  13.  10.  Quadi:  a  powerful 
people  who  dwelt  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  Germany.  They  had  been 
taken  under  the  protection  of  Rome 
by  Tiberius.  In  174  a.d.  Marcus 
Aurelius  defeated  them  in  a  fierce 
battle.  They  appear  again  during 
the  reign  of  Gallienus  (Bk.  IX,  8). 
Towards  the  end  of  the  fourth  century 
they  disappear  from  history.  The 
Age  of  the  ^n^onmes,  pp.  106-108. 

Vandali :  a  confederacy  of  Ger- 
man peoples,  who  dwelt  originally 
on  the  northern  coast  of  Germany. 
Later  they  settled  north  of  the 
Marcomanni,  whom  they  joined. 
They  invaded  Spain,  and  later 
Africa.  Under  their  king  Gense- 
ric  they  invaded  Italy,  and  took 
and  plundered  Rome,  455  a.d. 


Pages  79-81] 


NOTES 


157 


Suevi :  an  important  confederacy 
of  German  tribes.  Their  name  sur- 
vives in  the  modern  Suabia. 

13.  Caesarem  fecerat :  the  title 
of  Caesar  was  now  given  to  the  per- 
son next  in  rank  to  the  emperor, 
and  who  was  intended  to  succeed 
him. 

15.  indlcere  .  .  .  aliquid :  '  to 
make  any  demands  on  the  provinces 
or  the  senate. ' 

16.  mstrumentum  regii  cultus  : 
'  royal  furniture. ' 

22.  comparata : '  their  purchases.' 

Ch.  14.  28.  obiit:  he  died  at 
Vindobona,  now  Vienna. 

29.  vitae  LXI :  it  is  generally 
said  that  he  died  in  the  fifty-ninth 
year  of  his  life. 

Pack  80.  Cii.  15.  1.  L.  Anto- 
ninus Commodus :  he  was  the 
son  of  Marcus  Aurelius,  but  like 
him  in  no  respect.  After  conclud- 
ing a  disgraceful  treaty  with  the 
Germans,  he  hastened  to  Rome, 
where  he  gave  himself  up  to  the 
grossest  vices.     Creighton,  p.  102. 

6.  in  amphitheatro  :  he  was  the 
conqueror  in  735  combats.  Nothing 
delighted  him  more  than  to  be  called 
the  '  Hercules  of  Rome.' 

7.  strangulatus  vel  veneno  :  he 
was  poisoned  and  afterwards  stran- 
gled by  his  favorite  Marcia. 

Ch.  16.  11.  Pertinax:  Creigh- 
ton, p.  103. 

Cii.  17.  18.  perpetuum  compo- 
suit  edictum  :  this  was  a  digest  of 
the  mass  of  edicts  that  had  been 
issued  by  the  praetors  and  the  pro- 
vincial governors.     It  was  the  basis 


of  the  Corpus  Juris  Cw'ilis  of  Jus- 
tinian. 

19.  Mulvium  pontem :  about 
two  miles  north  of  Rome,  on  the 
Via  Flaminia.  Here  the  ambassa- 
dors of  the  Allobroges,  that  had 
been  tampered  with  by  the  fellow- 
conspirators  of  Catiline,  were  ar- 
rested, 63  B.C.  The  foundations  of 
this  bridge  still  remain  and  are 
built  into  the  Ponte  Mollo  at  the 
same  place. 

Ch.  18.  21.  Septimius  Severus : 
Lucius  Septimius  Severus  was  com- 
mander in  chief  of  the  army  in 
Pannonia  and  Illyria  at  the  death 
of  Pertinax,  193  a.d.  He  was  pro- 
claimed emperor  by  the  army.  For 
nearly  a  hundred  years  the  emperors 
were  made  and  unmade  at  the  will 
of  the  soldiers.     Creighton,  p.  104. 

23.  omni  memoria :  '-  in  all 
time. ' 

24.  fisci  advocatus :  a  Roman 
officer  appointed  to  look  after  the 
interests  of  the  imperial  treasury. 

Page  gl.  Ch.  19.  16.  vallum  .  .  . 
deduxit :  the  celebrated  wall  of 
Severus,  extending  from  the  Solway 
Frith  to  the  mouth  of  the  Tyne. 
It  was  erected  to  prevent  incursions 
of  the  Caledonians. 

17.  Eboraci :  the  modern  York. 

22.  Geta  .  .  .  periit :  he  was 
murdered  by  order  of  Caracalla. 

Ch.  20.  23,  Caracalla :  the  name 
of  Caracalla  was  derived  from  a 
species  of  Gallic  cassock  he  intro- 
duced at  Rome. 

24.  morum  .  .  .  fuit :  his  whole 
life  was  only  one  series  of  cruelties 


158 


NOTES 


[Pages  81-84 


and  acts  of  extravagant  folly. 
Creighton,  p.  105. 

25.  thermae  Antoninianae  : 
these  accommodated  about  1600 
persons  at  once.  The  ruins  are 
still  to  be  seen. 

Page  82.  Ch.  22.  9.  M.  Aure- 
lius  Antoninus :  known  in  history 
as  Heliogabalus.  He  was  the  grand- 
son of  Maesa,  sister-in-law  of  Sep- 
timius  Severus,  and  the  son  of 
Symiasera.  He  was  priest  in  the 
temple  of  the  Sun  at  Emesa  in 
Syria  when  Caracalla  died.  Through 
the  instrumentality  of  his  grand- 
mother he  was  proclaimed  emperor 
by  the  soldiers  and  acknowledged 
by  the  senate.  He  was  the  most 
profligate  of  the  Roman  emperors. 

Cn.23.  16.  Aurelius  Alexander : 
Marcus  Aurelius  Alexander,  gener- 
ally known  as  Alexander  Severus. 
He  had  been  adopted  by  Heliogaba- 
lus and  had  been  created  Caesar. 
"  He  was  distinguished  by  justice, 
wisdom,  and  clemency  in  all  public 
transactions,  and  by  the  simplicity 
and  purity  of  his  private  life." 
Creighton,  p.  106. 

20.  adsess5rem:  'legal  adviser.' 

21.  Ulpianum:  Domitius  Ulpia- 
nus  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
Koman  lawyers.  His  works  are 
often  quoted  in  the  Corpus  luris 
Civilis  of  Justinian.  He  was  assas- 
sinated in  a  mutiny  of  the  soldiers 
caused  by  his  strict  discipline. 

Book  IX 
Page  83.  Cii.  1.  1.  Maximinus: 

his  full  name  was  Gaius  lulius  Verus 


Maximinus.  He  was  born  of  barbaric 
parentage,  his  father  being  a  Goth 
and  his  mother  a  German.  He  was 
famous  for  his  gigantic  size  and  his 
marvelous  feats  of  strength.  His 
government  was  characterized  by 
oppression  and  excesses. 

Cn.  2.  9.  Gordiauus :  Marcus 
Antonius  Gordianus  was  the  grand- 
son of  the  elder  Gordianus.  He 
was  a  mere  boy,  probably  not  more 
than  twelve  years  old,  when  he 
was  proclaimed  emperor  by  the 
soldiers. 

Page  84.  Ch.  3.  1.  Philippi: 
Marcus  lulius  Philippus  I  was  an 
Arabian  by  birth.  After  the  death 
of  Misithus,  the  father-in-law  of 
Gordianus,  he  became  praetorian 
praefect,  and  caused  the  soldiers  to 
revolt,  to  slay  Gordianus,  and  to 
proclaim  himself  emperor.  He  pro- 
claimed his  son  of  the  same  name 
Caesar,  though  he  was  only  seven 
years  old. 

3.  millesimus  annus:  this  anni- 
versary was  marked  by  the  celebra- 
tion of  the  Saccular  Games  with 
unusual  magnificence,  248  a.d. 

Ch.  4.  8.  Decius :  his  full  name 
was  Gaius  Messius  Quintus  Tra- 
ianus  Decius.  He  was  sent  by 
Philippus  to  Moesia  to  crush  an 
insurrection,  and  was  compelled  by 
the  soldiers  to  proclaim  himself 
emperor.  His  reign  was  occupied 
chiefly  with  warring  against  the 
Goths.  He  persecuted  the  Christians 
with  great  severity. 

Cn.  6.  21.  exstinctus  est :  he 
was  slain  by  the  soldiers. 


Pages  84-88] 


NOTES 


159 


Ch.  7.  23.  Gallienus :  Uie  son  of 
Valerian  us. 

Page  85.  ^-  superatus  est ;  at 
first  Valerianus  was  successful ;  but 
he  followed  the  enemy  too  rashly. 
He  was  captured  near  Edessa.  After 
his  death  his  skin  was  stuffed  and 
long  preserved  as  a  trophy  in  the 
chief  temple  of  the  nation. 

Ch.  9.  22.  Postumus  :  this 
period  is  known  as  the  '  Rule  of  the 
Thirty  Tyrants.'  These  men,  who 
revolted  from  Gallienus  and  set  up 
separate  governments  for  them- 
selves, were  noted  in  the  main  for 
their  courage.  They  repelled  the 
invaders  and  established  govern- 
ments that  gave  peace  and  secu- 
rity to  their  provinces. 

28.  vniBsimus  opifex :  he  is  said 
to  have  been  a  smith,  ferr'i  opifex. 

Page  86.  3.  matrimdnia :  here 
has  a  concrete  meaning,  '  wives.' 

Ch.  10.  10.  Odenathum :  he  was 
the  ruler  of  Palmyra.  He  checked 
the  incursions  of  the  Persians  and 
drove  Sapor  out  of  Syria.  In  re- 
turn for  these  services  Gallienus 
honored  him  with  the  title  of  Au- 
gustus. 

Ch.  11.  16.  occisusest:  he  was 
slain  by  his  soldiers  while  besieging 
Milan. 

18.  GothoB  .  .  .  vicit:  he  con- 
quered the  Goths  at  Naisus  in  Dar- 
dania  and  received  the  surname 
Gothicus  in  consequence. 

Page  87.  Ch.  13.  3.  Aurfli- 
anus :  his  reign  presents  a  succes- 
sion of  brilliant  exploits,  and  it 
seemed  for  a  time   that  he  would 


restore  Rome  to  her  former  posi- 
tion. Tiie  Goths,  Vandals,  and  the 
Alemainni  were  conquered.  Zenobia, 
who  had  succeeded  her  husband  as 
ruler  of  Palmyra,  was  captured  and 
carried  to  Rome.  Tetricus  was 
crushed  near  Catalauni.  Aurelian 
commenced  many  works  of  public 
utility,  including  a  new  city  wall. 
He  was  on  his  way  to  chastise  the 
Persians  when  he  was  killed  by 
some  of  his  officers,  a  conspiracy 
having  been  formed  against  him. 
Creighton,  p.  109. 

11.  'Eripe  me':  Aeneid,  VI, 
365. 

12.  Zenobiam  :  she  was  not  con- 
tent with  the  power  she  had,  but 
tried  to  extend  her  sway  over  all 
Syria,  Asia,  and  Egypt.  Aurelian 
captured  Palmyra  in  273  a.d.,  and 
took  her  prisoner.  After  adorn- 
ing his  triumphal  procession,  her 
life  was  spared  and  she  lived  near 
Tibur  for  several  years. 

occiso  Odenatho  :  it  is  said  that 
he  was  assassinated  and  that  Zeno- 
bia had  a  hand  in  it. 

Page  88.  Ch.  15.  2.  Daciam 
.  .  .  intermisit :  he  made  the  Dan- 
ube the  boundary  of  the  empire,  as 
Augustus  had  done. 

8.  servi :  the  private  secretary  of 
the  emperor.  He  is  generally  said 
to  have  been  a  freedman. 

13.  mors  .  .  .  fuit :  Tacitus  had 
the  assassins  put  to  death  soon  after 
the  beginning  of  his  reign. 

Ch.  17.  21.  Probus:  his  full 
name  was  Marcus  Aurelius  Probus. 
He  was  as  just  and  virtuous  as  he 


160 


NOTES 


[Pages  88-94 


was  warlike,  and  is  deservedly  re- 
garded as  one  of  the  greatest  and 
best  of  the  Roman  emperors. 

27.  apud  Sirmium :  it  was  his 
birthplace. 

Page  89.  4.  tumultu  militari: 
the  soldiers  mutinied  because  he 
had  employed  them  in  laborious 
public  works. 

Ch.  18.  14.  oculorum  dolore 
correptus :  '  affected  with  a  dis- 
ease of  the  eye.' 

Ch.  19.  24.  matrimonia:  cf. 
mdtj'imonia,  Ch.  9. 

Page  90.  4.  Diocletianum  :  he 
was  born  near  Salona  in  Dalmatia. 
He  rose  in  the  army  from  one  posi- 
tion to  another  until  on  the  assassi- 
nation of  Numerianus  he  was  chosen 
emperor.  He  made  a  great  change 
in  the  system  of  government.  In 
286  A.D.  he  associated  Maximianus 
with  himself  as  a  colleague  and  gave 
him  the  title  of  Augustus.  Six 
years  later,  292  a.d.,  Constantius 
Chlorus  and  Galerius  were  pro- 
claimed Caesars,  and  the  govern- 
ment of  the  Roman  world  was 
divided  among  four  men,  Diocletian 
taking  the  East,  with  Nicomedia  as 
his  residence  ;  Maximianus  taking 
Italy  and  Africa,  with  Milan  as  his 
residence  ;  Constantius  taking  Brit- 
ain, Gaul,  and  Spain,  with  Treves 
as  his  residence ;  Galerius  taking 
Illyricum  and  the  whole  line  of  the 
Danube,  with  Sirmium  as  his  resi- 
dence. This  division  was  natural 
and  possessed  many  advantages.  It 
was  the  only  way  that  the  falling 
empire    could    be    preserved,    and 


a  semblance  of  union  retained. 
Creighton,  p.   109. 

Ch.  21.  22.  strenuae  militiae  6r- 
dine :  '  by  a  course  of  active  service.' 

24.  accepisset :  sc.  imperium. 

29.  Britannias  occupavit :  in 
287  A.D. 

Page  91.  Ch.  22.  5.  Constan- 
tium  :  surnamed  Chlorus,  '  the  pale.' 

6.  nepos  Claudi :  'the  grand- 
nephew  of  Claudius.'  He  was  the 
son  of  Eutropius,  a  Dardanian  no- 
ble, and  Claudia,  daughter  of  Chris- 
pus,  the  brother  of  Claudius. 

14.  pax  convenit :  Carausius  was 
recognized  as  a  colleague. 

Page  92.  Ch.  25.  18.  extrinse- 
cus  =praeteredy  a  late  usage. 

Ch.  26.  28.  regiae  consuetu- 
dinis  formam :  Diocletian  intro- 
duced the  customs  of  an  Oriental 
monarch.  He  wore  the  diadem,  the 
robes  of  silk  and  gold,  and  replaced 
the  republican  form  of  salutation  by 
the  adoring  prostration  of  the  East. 

Ch.  27.  9.  ingravescente  aevo  : 
he  was  sixty  years  old,  being  born 
in  245  A.D.,  and  abdicating  in  805  a.i>. 

17.  pompa  ferculorum  inlustri  : 
'  with  a  famous  succession  of  pic- 
tures.' Fercula  are  representations 
of  cities,  rivers,  and  other  objects 
in  the  conquered  countries,  carried 
in  procession  at  a  triumph. 

Ch.  28.  24.  post  natos  homi- 
ngs: 'since  men  were  created.' 

Book  X 
Tage  94,  Ch.  1.  11.    adeo  .  .  . 
modicl:  'of  so  modest  a  mode  of 
living.' 


Pages  94-97] 


NOTES 


161 


13.  ^tgento:  'silver  plate.' 
triclinia :    properly  a  couch  for 

three  persons  reclining  at  meals. 
Here  it  means  the  table,  which  was 
square,  and  surrounded  on  three 
sides  by  one-armed  couches,  while 
the  fourth  side  remained  open  for 
convenience  in  serving.  Each  couch 
accommodated  three  persons,  who 
reclined  upon  the  left  arm. 

14.  Gallis  :  he  had  reserved  Gaul 
for  his  peculiar  province. 

17.  Eboraci:  he  was  on  an  ex- 
pedition against  the  Picts. 

Page  95.  Ch.  2.  1.  Constanti- 
nus  :  known  in  history  as  Constan- 
tine  the  Great.  The  most  important 
change  he  introduced  was  the  adop- 
tion of  Christianity  as  the  state  re- 
ligion. The  story  is  told  that  while 
marching  from  Gaul  at  the  head  of 
his  legions,  he  saw  in  the  heavens  a 
luminous  cross  with  this  inscription, 
*By  this  conquer.'  In  313  a. d.  he 
issued  the  famous  Milan  decree  that 
gave  imperial  sanction  to  the  religion 
of  the  Christians.  Although  he 
openly  acknowledged  Christianity, 
his  religion  was  a  strange  mixture  of 
Christianity  and  Paganism.  Creigh- 
ton,  p.  112. 

6.  in  vnia  public  a :  a  building 
in  the  Campus  Martins,  intended  for 
a  lodging  house  or  hotel  for  foreign 
ambassadors. 

11.  quas  .  .  .  habuit:  'which 
he  utterly  disregarded. ' 

Ch.  3.  18.  nudare :  '  to  deprive 
of  his  power.' 

Page  96-  Ch.  4.  1.  Licinius: 
his  full  name  was  Publius  Flavins 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS 11 


Galerius  Valerius  Licinianus  Licin- 
ius. By  birth  he  was  a  Dacian 
peasant,  and  an  early  friend  and 
companion  of  the  Emperor  Gale- 
rius. He  was  invested  with  the 
command  of  the  Illyrian  province 
in  307  A.D.  After  the  death  of 
Galerius  he  concluded  an  arrange- 
ment with  Maximinus,  by  which 
the  Hellespont  and  the  Bosporus 
were  to  form  the  boundary  of  the 
two  empires.  After  his  marriage 
with  the  sister  of  Constantine,  he 
and  Constantine  strove  with  each 
other  for  the  undivided  sovereignty 
of  the  Roman  world. 

Ch.  5.  20.  apud  Cibalas  :  this 
was  in  the  great  battle  of  Adrian- 
ople,  July,  328  A.D.,  and  was  followed 
by  the  reduction  of  Byzantium. 

Ch.  6.  25.  apud  Nicomediam : 
this  victory,  September,  323  a.d., 
made  Constantine  the  sole  ruler  of 
the  Roman  Empire.  Licinius  was 
made  a  prisoner,  and  although  his 
life  was  spared  for  a  time,  Constan- 
tine had  him  put  to  death  in  324  a.d. 

27.  tribus  Caesaribus  :  they 
were  the  sons  of  Constantine  the 
Great,  Constantine,  Constans,  and 
Constantius. 

Page  97.  20.  nrbem  nominis: 
Constantinople,  a  city  which  he 
built  on  the  site  of  ancient  Byzan- 
tium. This  he  aimed  to  make  his 
capital  city.  Here  he  had  a  second 
senate,  a  praefect  of  the  city, 
regiones,  and  even  largesses  ;  all  of 
which  showed  that  the  supremacy 
of  Rome  was  at  an  end. 

24.  in  villa  publica :  a  building 


162 


NOTES 


[Pages  07-10l^ 


similar  in  character  to  the  one  at 
Rome,  Ch.  2. 

Page  98.  Ch.  10.  15.  Con- 
stanti :  he  ruled  from  337  to  30 1  a.d. 
He  was  the  third  son  of  Constantine 
the  Great.  Under  him  the  whole 
empire  again  became  subject  to  one 
ruler.  But  in  355  a.d.  he  was  com- 
pelled to  make  Julian  Caesar  and  to 
send  him  into  Gaul  to  oppose  the 
barbarians. 

Page  99.  Ch.  14.  24.  lulianum  : 
called  the  Apostate,  because,  al- 
though he  had  been  brought  up  a 
Christian,  later  he  rejected  Christi- 
anity and  returned  to  Paganism. 
He  was  a  brave  soldier  and  a  good 
general.  Forced  by  his  soldiers  to 
assume  the  purple,  he  hesitated  to 
begin  a  civil  war,  but  was  relieved 
of  the  necessity  by  the  opportune 
death  of  Constantius  in  361  a.d. 
"Julian  was  an  extraordinary  char- 
acter. As  a  monarch,  he  was  inde- 
fatigable in  his  attention  to  business, 
upright  in  his  administration,  and 
comprehensive  in  his  views ;  as  a 
man,  he  was  virtuous  in  the  midst 
of  a  profligate  age,  and  did  not  yield 
to  the  luxurious  temptations  to 
which  he  was  exposed."  Many  of 
his  literary  works  are  extant. 
Creighton,  p.  116. 


Page  100.  Ch.  16.  21.  cui 
.  .  .  interfui :  what  part  Eutropius 
took  in  this  expedition  is  not 
known. 

24.  remeans  victor :  in  the  last 
battle  fought  on  the  26th  of  June, 
Julian  was  mortally  wounded  by  an 
arrow  and  died  the  same  day. 

Page  101.  Ch.  17.  15.  lovi- 
3.nus :  his  full  name  was  Elavius 
Claudius  Jovian.  His  short  reign  is 
remarkable  only  for  the  disgraceful 
peace  he  made  with  the  Persians. 
Although  he  was  a  Christian,  he  pro- 
tected the  pagans. 

20.  finibus:  he  agreed  that  the 
Romans  would  surrender  their  con- 
quests beyond  the  Tigris  and  would 
give  up  several  fortresses  in  Meso- 
potamia. 

24.  Pontium  Telesinum :  it  is 
generally  stated  that  Gavins  Pontius 
was  the  leader  of  the  Samnites  in 
the  battle  of  Caudine  Forks.  Per- 
haps Eutropius  confuses  him  with 
Pontius  Telesinus,  the  leader  of  the 
Samnites  in  the  Social  war. 

Page  102.  Ch.  18.  8.  nimia 
cruditate  :  '  violent  indigestion.' 

21.  quam  .  .  .  reservamus: 
whether  he  ever  fulfilled  his  inten- 
tion and  wrote  another  book  is 
unknown. 


ABBREVIATIONS 


abl. 

=  ablative. 

imp. 

=  imperfect. 

abs. 

=  absolute. 

impers 

.  =  impersonal. 

ace. 

=  accusative. 

incep. 

=  inceptive. 

act. 

=  active. 

incho. 

=  inchoative. 

adj. 

=  adjective. 

ind. 

=  indirect. 

adv. 

=  adverb. 

indecl. 

=  indeclinable. 

cf. 

=  compare  (confer). 

indef. 

=  indefinite. 

comp 

=  comparative. 

intens. 

=  intensive. 

conj. 

=  conjunction. 

iter. 

=  iterative. 

contr. 

=  contraction. 

m. 

=  masculine. 

dat. 

=  dative. 

n. 

=  neuter. 

dem. 

=  demonstrative. 

nom . 

=  nominative. 

desid. 

=  desiderative. 

num. 

=  numeral. 

dim. 

=  diminutive. 

pass. 

=  passive. 

disc. 

=  discourse. 

pers. 

=  personal. 

e.g. 

=  for  example  {exempli 

pi. 

=  plural. 

gratia). 

prep. 

=  preposition. 

end. 

=  enclitic. 

pres. 

=  present. 

f. 

=  feminine. 

prou. 

=  pronoun. 

freq. 

=  frequentative. 

sc. 

=  supply  {scilicet) 

gen. 

=  genitive. 

sub. 

=  substantive. 

i.e. 

=  that  is  {id  est) . 

sup. 

=  superlative. 

Compound  verbs  are  treated  under  the  simple  verbs  from  which  they  are 
derived.  To  this  there  are  two  exceptions  :  (1)  When  neither  the  simple 
verb  nor  any  other  compound  formed  from  it  occurs  in  the  text,  and  (2)  in 
the  case  of  certain  verbs  like  sumo  and  surgo,  which,  though  themselves  com- 
pounds, came  to  be  regarded  as  simple  verbs,  and  served  as  a  basis  for  other 
compounds.  The  star  prefixed  to  certain  simple  verbs  indicates  that  they  are 
not  found  in  the  text,  but  that  two  or  more  compounds  occur. 

All  matter  within  square  brackets  is  etymological.  The  bracketed  words 
when  not  translated  occur  independently  in  the  Vocabulary. 

164 


VOCABULARY 


A.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Aulus. 

a,  ab,  abs  (a  only  before  consonants 
or  h,  ab  before  vowels  and  conso- 
nants, abs  usually  only  before  t  and 
q,  especially  frequent  before  te), 
prep,  with  abl.,  1,  of  place,  from, 
away  from,  out  of ;  2,  of  time, /rom, 
since,  after  ;  3,  of  agency,  by ;  4,  of 
separation,  source,  cause,  front, 
throuf/h,  becarise  of. 

abdQco,  see  dQco. 

abeo,  see  eo. 

aboleo,  ere,  evi,  itus  [ab  +  oleo], 
to  defitroy,  abolish,  wipe  out. 

abrogo,  see  rogo. 

absens,  sentis  [orig.  part,  of  absum] , 
adj.,  absent,  away. 

absimilis,  e  [ab  -f-  similis],  adj.,  un- 
like. 

abstineo,  see  teneo. 

absum,  see  sum, 

abundantia,  ae  [abundo,  to  over- 
flow;  ab  +  unda],  f.,  plenty,  full- 
ness, abundance. 

ac,  see  atque. 

accedo,  see  cedo. 

accido,  see  cado. 

accipio,  see  capio. 

acclamo,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  + 
clamo,  to  shout],  to  shout  loudly, 
exclaim. 

IG 


acer,  acris,  acre,  comp.  acrior, 
sup.  acerrimus,  adj.,  sharp,  bitter; 
keen,  vigorous,  fierce. 

acerbe  [acerbus],  adv.,  bitterly, 
cruelly,  severely. 

acerbitas,  atis  [acerbus] ,  f.,  harsh- 
ness, severity,  unkindness. 

acerbus,  a,  um,  adj.,  bitter,  harsh, 
cruel. 

Achaea,  ae,  f.,  a  district  in  the  Pelo- 
ponnesus. Later  the  Roman  prov- 
ince of  Southern  Greece. 

Achilles,  is,  m.,  a  famous  Greek 
chief  at  the  siege  of  Troy,  slain  by 
Paris,  the  hero  of  the  Iliad. 

Achilleus,  i,  m.,  he  assumed  the  title 
of  emperor  under  Diocletian,  and 
reigned  over  Egypt  for  some  time. 
He  was  taken  prisoner  by  Diocletian, 
and  was  put  to  death,  296  a.d. 

acies,  ei,  f.,  the  sharp  point  of  a 
sioo7'd ;  battle  line;  battle. 

Acilius,  i,  m.,  see  Glabrio. 

Actium,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  Epirus  ;  a 
promontory  near  the  town. 

actuarius,  i,  m.,  a  secretary,  short- 
hand writer. 

actus,  a,  umi,  see  ago. 

ad,  prep,  with  accus.,  1,  of  place,  to, 
toivards,  to  the  house  of,  at,  near; 

2,  of  time,  up  to,  toioards,  until,  at ; 

3,  of  purpose,  to,  in  order  to,  for, 
for  the  sake  of. 

addo,  see  do. 


166 


VOCABULARY 


adduce,  see  duco. 

ademi,  ademptus,  see  adimo. 

adeo  [ad  +  eo,  adv.],  adv.,  to  this 
point,  so,  very,  to  such  a  degree. 

adeptus,  see  adipiscor. 

adfectator,  oris  [adfectoj,  m.,  one 
that  strives  for. 

adfecto,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  +  fecto, 
freq.  of  facioj,  to  strive  after,  aspiix 
to. 

adfero,  see  fero. 

adflcio,  see  facio. 

adfiuitas,  atis  [ad  4- finis],  f.,  rela- 
tionship (by  marriage). 

adfligo,  see  *fligo. 

Adherbal,alis,m.,a  Numidian  prince, 
sou  of  Macipsa,  slain  by  Jugurtlia. 

adhortor,  ari,  atus  sum  [ad  + 
hortor,  to  urge],  to  encourage,  ex- 
hort, stimulate,  urge. 

adhuc  [ad  +  hQc],  adv.,  up  to  this 
time  or  place  ;  still,  although,  yet. 

Adiabeni,  orum,  pi.  tn.,  the  Adia- 
beni,  a  people  living  in  the  northern 
part  of  ancient  Assyria. 

Adiabenicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  a  cog- 
nomen of  the  emperor  Severus,  a 
conqueror  of  the  Adiabeni. 

adimo,  see  em5. 

adipiscor,  i,  adeptus  sum  [ad  + 
apiscor,  to  gain],  to  get,  obtain, 
reach. 

adicio,  see  *iaci6. 

adiungo,  soe  iungo. 

adiutor,  oris  [adiuvo,  to  assist] ,  m., 
a  helper,  assistant,  confederate. 

administratis,  onis  [administro] , 
f.,  management,  government. 

administro,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  + 
ministro,  to  manage],  to  manage, 
govern,  regulate,  carry  on  (war). 

admiratiO,  onis  [admiror],  f.,  ad- 
miration, ivonderment,  astonish- 
ment. 

admiror,  see  miror. 


admitto,  see  mitto, 

admodum  [ad  +  modus],  adv.,  up 

to  the  full  limit,  very,  exceedingly. 
adnitor,  see  nitor. 
adnoto,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  +  noto, 

to  inark],  to  observe,  remark. 
adoleo,  ere,  ul  [ad  +  oleo,  to  emit 

a  smell],  to  turn  to  vapor,  burn. 
adoptio,  onis  [adopto],  f .,  adoption. 
adopto.  see  opto. 
adoro,  see  oro. 
adrigo,  see  rego. 
adsentor,  see  sentio. 
adsero,  soe  *ser6. 
adsertor,     oris     [adserS],     m.,    a 

claimant. 
adsessor,  oris  [adsideo,  to  sit  b]f], 

m.,  an  asHstant,  aid;  legal  adviser. 
adspicio,  see  *speci6. 
adsurgo,  ere,  surrexi,  surrectus 

[ad  +  surg5  (sub  +  rego),  to  rise], 

to  rise,  arise. 
adulescens,    entis    [adolesco,    to 

groio  up],m.,  young;  as  substantive, 

a  young  man. 
advents,    are,    avi,    atus    [ad  -|- 

vento,  intens.  of  venio],  to  arrive. 
adventus,  us  [advenio,  to  arrive], 

m.,  arrival. 
adversus,  a,  um  [adverts,  to  turn 

to],   adj.,    turned   to   or    toivards; 

opposed  to,  adverse. 
adversus  and  adversum,  prep,  with 

accus.,  facing,  in    opposition    to, 

against. 
advocatus,  i  [advocS,   to  call  to 

aid],  m.,  a  pleader,  advocate ;  aider, 

helper. 
ad  vols,  are,  avi,  atus  [ad  +  volS, 

tojiy],  to, fly  to,  hurry  on,  rush. 
aediflcS,  are,  avi,  atus  [aedis4- 

faciS],  to  build. 
aedilicius,    i    [aedills,     aedile,    a 

Roman    magistrate],    ra.,  one  who 

has  been  an  aedile. 


VOCABULARY 


167 


aeg-er,  gra,  grum,  adj.,  sick, 
feeble. 

aegre  [aeger],  ad\^,  loitli  difficulty, 
scarcely. 

aegritudo,  inis  [aeger],  f.,  sickness, 
grip/,  v:'xittlo)i,  mortification. 

aegroto,  are,  avi  [aeger],  to  be 
sick,  l<(nf/iii(l,  pine. 

Aegyptus,  i,  m.,  Egypt. 

Aelianus,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  an  in- 
surrection during  the  reign  of  Dio- 
cletian. 

Aelius,  i,  m.,  see  Hadrianus, 

Aemilianus,  i,  ni.,  the  governor  of 
Pannonia  and  Moesia  in  the  reign 
of  Gallus,  Roman  emperor,  253  a.d. 

Aemilius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

1,  Lucius  Aemilius,  consul  224 B.C. 

2.  Marcus  Aoailius  (Mamercus), 
dictator. 

See  Lepidus,  Paulus. 

aemula,   ae  [aemulus],  f.,  a  rival. 

aemulor,  ari,  atus  sum  [aemulus], 
to  rival,  vie  with,  emulate. 

aemulus,  a,  um,  adj.,  striving  ear- 
nestly after,  emulating,  rivaling; 
envious. 

aeneus,  a,  um  [aes,  coppej'],  adj., 
of  copper,  bronze. 

aequalls,  e  [aequus],  adj.,  equal, 
lik ' ;  as  subst.,  a  companion. 

Aequi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Aequi,  a 
people  dwelling  in  the  upper  valley 
of  the  Anio,  in  the  mountains  form- 
ing the  eastern  boundary  of  Latium, 

aequitas,  atis  [aequus],  f.,  evenness, 
fairness,  justice. 

aequo,  are,  avi,  atus  [aequus],  to 
make  even,  place  on  an  equality. 

aequus,  a,  um,  adj.,  even,  level ;  fair, 
just;  aequo  animo,  iinpartially . 

aerarium,  i  [aes,  copper^,  u.,  treas- 
ury, fund. 

aestas,  atis,  f,,  summer. 


aetas,  atis,  f.,  time  of  life,  life;  old 
age ;  period  of  time,  time. 

Aetoli,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Aetolians, 
inhabitants  of  Aetolia,  a  division  of 
Greece. 

aevum,  i,  n.,  period  of  life,  life,  age. 

Afer,  Afri,  m.,  an  African,  especially 
an  inhabitant  of  Carthage. 

Afranius,  i,  m.,  Ij.  Afranius,  a  gen- 
eral of  Pompey  in  Spain,  killed  in 
Africa,  46  B.C. 

Africa,  ae,  f.,  Africa;  often  the 
northern  part  of  the  continent,  espe- 
cially the  part  near  Carthage. 

Africanus,  i,  m.,  see  Scipio. 

ager,  agri,  m.,  field,  farm,  estate; 
territory,  land;  the  country. 

aggredior,  see  *gradior. 

agnosco,  see  nosco. 

ago,  agere,  egi,  actus,  to  set  in 
motion,  drive,  lead ;  act,  do,  per- 
form ;  treat,  deal ;  spend,  pass  time ; 
gratias  agere,  to  give  thanks. 

con— c6go,  ere,  coegi,  coac- 
tus,  to  drive  together,  collect ;  force. 
ex  — exigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  to 
drive  out ;  complete  ;  pass,  end. 

re  — redigo,  ere,  egi,  actus,  to 
drive  back;  reduce;  render,  bring. 
sub  — subigo,  ere,  egi,  actus, 
to  drive  under,  put  doivn,  conquer. 

trans  —  transigo,  ere,  egi,  ac- 
tus, to  cwn^y  through,  finish,  settle, 
pofonn . 

agrestis,  e  [ager],  ^d}.,  of  the  fields, 
rustic;  as  subst.,  countryman. 

Agrigentum,  i,  n.,  a  Greek  colony 
in  Sicily. 

Agrippa,  ae,  m.,  M.  (Vipsunius) 
Agrippa,  son-in-law  of  Atticus,  min- 
ister of  Augustus. 

Agrippina,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Belgic 
Gaul. 

ala,  ae,  f.,  a  icing,  flank. 

Alamanni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Ala- 


168 


VOCABULARY 


manni,  a  name  applied  to  a  con- 
federacy of  German  tribes  living 
between  the  Danube,  the  Rhine,  and 
the  Main. 

Albani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Albfmi, 
the  inhabitants  of  Alba  Longa  in 
Latium  ;  the  inhabitants  of  Albania 
west  of  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Alblnus,  i,  m.,  a  family  name  at 
Rome. 

1.  Clodlus  Alblnus,  governor  of 
Britain  at  the  death  of  Commodus. 
He  revolted,  and  was  defeated  and 
slain  by  Septimius  Severus  at  Lug- 
dun  um,  197  A.D. 

2.  Sp.  Postumius  (Alblnus) ,  con- 
sul 344  and  321  B.C. 

3.  Aulus  Postumius  Albinus,Gon- 
sul  242  B.C. 

4.  L.  Postumius  Alblnus,  consul 
234  and  229  B.C. 

6.  Sp.  Postumius  Alblnus,  consul 
186  B.C. 
6.  Sp.  Postumius  Alblnus,  consul 

110  B.C. 

Albis,  is,  m.,  the  river  Elbe  in  Ger- 
many. 

Alexander,  dri,  m.,  Alexander  the 
Great,  king  of  Macedonia,  the  con- 
queror of  Persia ;  B.C.  350-323. 

Alexander,  dri,  m.,  see  Aurelius. 

Alexandria,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Egypt, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Nile,  founded 
by  Alexander  the  Great,  331  B.C. 

Alexandrinus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Alex- 
andrine, pertaining  to  Alexandria. 

Alg-idus,  i,  m.,  a  mountain  in  Latium. 

alias  [alius],  adv.,  at  another  time, 
under  other  circumstances. 

alienus,  a,  um  [alius],  adj.,  belong- 
ing  to  another,  another's. 

aliquamdia  [aliquis  +  diu],  adv., 
for  a  irfiile,for  some  time. 

aliquantus,  a,  um,  adj.,  some,  con- 
siderable. 


aliqui,   quae,  quod   [alius  +  qui], 

indef.  pron.  adj.,  some  one  or  other, 

some,  any. 
aliquis,  qua,  quid   [alius  +  quis] , 

indef.  pron.,  so)ne  one,  something; 

any  one,  anything ;  some ;  as  subst., 

aliquid,  n.,  something,  anything. 
aliquot  [alius  +  quotj,  indef.  indecl. 

adj.,  some,  several. 
alius,    alia,    aliud,    adj.,    another, 

other,    different,    else ;    alius  .  .  . 

alius,    one  .  .  .  one,    another  .  .  . 

another;    pi.,    some   .   .    .   others; 

longe  aliam   (alio)   atque,  very 

different  from. 
Allectus,  i,  m.,  the  chief  officer  of 

Carausius  in  Britain. 
Allia,  ae,  f.,  a  small  river  flowing 

into  the  Tiber  from  the  east  about 

11  miles  north  of  Rome. 
Alma,  ae,  f.,  a  mountain   in  Pan- 

nonia. 
Alpes,  ium,  f.,  the  Alps. 
alter,  altera,  alterum,  pron.  adj., 

one  of  tivo,  the  other,  the  second; 

alter  .  .  .  alter,  the  one  .  .  .  the 

other. 
Altinum,  i,  n.,  a  town  of  the  Veneti 

in  the  north  of  Italy  at  the  mouth 

of  the  river  Silis. 
altitude,    inis    [altus,    high],     i., 

height,  depth. 
amabilis,    e    [amo,    to    love],  adj., 

ivorthy  of  love,  lovely,  amiable. 
Amandus,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  an  in- 
surrection during  the  reign  of  Dio- 
cletian, 
ambo,  ae,  6,  adj.,  both. 
Ambrones,  um,  pi.  m.,  a  Celtic  peo- 
ple defeated  by  Marius  near  Aquae 

Sextiae  in  102  b.c. 
amicitia,  ae  [amicus],  f.,  friendship. 
amicus,  a,  um  [amo,  to  love],  adj., 

friendly  ;  as  subst.  amicus,  i,  m.,  a 

friend. 


VOCABULARY 


169 


Amisus,  i,  Gr.  ace.  Amison,  f.,  a 
coast  city  of  Pontus,  the  residence 
of  Mitliradates  tlie  Great. 

amitto,  see  mitto. 

amnis,  is,  m.,  river,  torrent,  stream. 

amoenitas,  atis  [amoenus],  f., 
])leasantness,  agreeableness. 

amoenus,  a,  una  [amo,  to  love], 
adj.,  pleasing,  charming. 

amor,  oris  [amo,  to  love],  m.,  love; 
a  beloved  object,  one's  love. 

amphitheatrum,  i,  n.,  amphitheater. 

ample  [amplus],  adv.,  largely. 

ampliflco,  are,  avi,  atus  [amplus 
-f-facio],  to  increas",  enlarge. 

amplio,  are,  avi,  atus  [amplus],  to 
enlarge,  magnify. 

amplius  [amplus],  comp.  of  ample, 
more,  further. 

amplus,  a,  um,  adj.,  great,  large; 
noble,  distinguished. 

ancilla,  ae,  f.,  a  maid-slave,  maid. 

Ancus,  i,  m.,  see  Marcius, 

Andriscus,  i,  m.,  a  Persian  wiio  pre- 
tended to  be  the  natural  son  of  Per- 
seus and  assumed  the  name  of  Philip. 

angustia,  ae  [angustus,  narrow], 
i.,  narrowness ;  pi.,  narrow  places, 
a  pass. 

Anicius,  i,  m.,  C  Anicius,  praetor  in 
the  Third  Macedonian  war,  176-168 

B.C. 

Anien,  enis  or  Anio,  onis,  m.,  a 
small  tributary  of  the  Tiber. 

animus,  i,  m.,  soul,  mind;  disposi- 
tion, feelings ;  courage,  spirit. 

Annius,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 

annus,  i,  m.,  a  year. 

annuus,  a,  um  [annus],  adj.,  an- 
imal;  lasting  a  year. 

ante,  adv.,  of  space,  before,  in  front 
of ;  of  time,  before,  previously,  ago ; 
prep,  with  accus.,  both  of  space  and 
time,  in  front  of,  before. 

antea  [ante],  adv.,  before,  formerly . 


Antemnates,  um,  pi,  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Antemnae,  a  Sabine 
town  at  the  junction  of  the  Anio 
and  the  Tiber. 

Anthemusia,  ae,  f.,  a  province  of 
Mesopotamia. 

Antiochenses,  ium,  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Antioch. 

Antiochia,  ae,  f .,  the  capital  city  of 
Sj'ria  on  the  river  Orontes. 

Antiochus,  i,  m.,  kings  of  Syria. 

1.  Antiochus  II.,  called  Tlieos,  261- 
246  B.C. 

2.  Antiochus  III.,  called  the  Great, 
223-187  B.C. 

3.  Antiochus  IV.,  called  Epipha- 
nes,  175-164  B.C. 

antiquus,  a,  um  [ante],  adj.,  old, 
belonging  to  a  former  time. 

Antoninianus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or  be- 
longing to  the  Antonines. 

Antoninus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a 
dynasty  of  Roman  emperors. 

1.  T.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Fulvius 
Boionius  Pius,  138-161  a.d. 

2.  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Verus, 
161-180  A.D. 

3.  L.  Annius  Antoninus  Verus, 
161-169  A.D. 

4.  L.  Antoninus  Commodus,  180- 

193  A.D. 

5.  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus  Bassd- 
nius  Caracalla,  211-217  a.d. 

6.  M.  Aurelius  Antoninus,  Helio- 
gabalus,  218-222  a.d. 

Antonius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

1.  C.  Antonius,  consul  63  B.C. 

2.  L.  Antonius,  consul  41  B.C. 

3.  M.  Antonius,  the  friend  of 
Caesar  and  member  of  the  Second 
Triumvirate,  consul  44  B.C. 

Anullinus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  senator, 
anulus,  i  [dim.  of  anus,  a  circle], 
m.,  a  ring. 


170 


VOCABULARY 


Aper,  pri,  m.,  Arrius  Aper,  praeto- 
rian praefect.  He  was  put  to  death 
by  Diocletian,  284  a.d. 

aperio,  see  *pario. 

Apollonia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  of  Thrace  on 
the  Pontus  Euxinus. 

Apollonius,  i,  m.,  Apollonius  Chalce- 
donius,  called  Byacolus,  "the  ill- 
tempered."    A  rhetorician. 

apoplexis,  Is,  f.,  apoplexy. 

apparatus,  us,  m.,  equipment, prepa- 
ration ;  ftplendor,  pomp. 

appareo,  see  pareo. 

appello,  see  pello. 

appeto,  see  peto. 

Appi6n,6nis,  ni.,  Appion Ptolemaeus, 
king  of  Cyrene,  117-%  B.C. 

Appius,!,  m.,  a  praenomen  especially 
common  in  the  Claudian  gens. 

Appius,  a,  um,  adj.,  Appian ;  espe- 
cially the  via  Appia,  the  famous 
road  built  by  Appius  Claudius  the 
Censor,  312  B.C. 

appono,  see  pono. 

apprime  [primus],  adv.,  mo.'it  of  all. 

apud,  prep,  with  ace,  of  place,  near; 
of  persons,  ttrlth,  among,  in  the 
presence  of,  at  the  house  of;  with 
the  name  of  an  author,  in  the 
loorks  of. 

Apulia,  ae,  f .,  a  district  in  the  south- 
eastern part  of  Italy. 

aqua,  ae,  f.,  loater. 

Aquileia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  northern 
Italy  on  tlie  Adriatic  Sea. 

Aquilius,  i,  m.,  see  Florus. 

Aquitania,  ae,  f.,  a  province  of  Gaul 
between  the  Garonne  and  the 
Pyrenees. 

Arabes,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Arabia. 

Arabia,  ae,  f.,  Arabia. 

Arabicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging  to 
or  pertaining  to  Arabia,  cognomen 
of  Septimius  Severns. 


arbitrium,  i  [arbiter,  judge],  n., 
judgment;  will;  power. 

*arce6,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  inclose ;  pro- 
hibit. 

con  —  coerceo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to 
shut  in ;  restrain,  check. 

ex— exerceo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to 
exercise,  drill. 

Archelaus,  i,  m.,  (1)  a  distinguished 
general  of  Mithradates. 

(2)  Called  Cappadox,  king  of  Cap- 
imdocia,  3(5  b.c.-M  a.d. 

Ardea,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city  of  the 
Rutuli,  in  Latium,  about  eighteeu 
miles  south  of  Rome. 

ardeo,  ere,  arsi,  arsus,  to  be  hot, 
burn ;  be  eager,  excited. 

argenteus,  a,  um  [argent um] ,  adj ., 
of  silver. 

Argentoratum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Belgic 
Gaul. 

argentum,  i,  n.,  silver;  money. 

Argi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  city  of  Argos 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  Pelopon- 
nesus. 

Ariaratus,  i,  m.,  calleil  Cappadox, 
king  of  Cappadocia,  220-1G2  b.c. 

Ariminum,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  northern 
Italy  on  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

Arlobarzenes,  is,  m.,  king  of  Cap- 
padocia, 1)3-03  B.C. 

Aristarchus,  i,  m.,  made  king  of  Col- 
chis l)y  Pompey. 

Aristo,  onis,  m.,  an  Athenian  phi- 
losopher who  surrendered  Athens  to 
Mithradates,  87  B.C. 

Aristobtilus,  i,  m.,  king  of  Judea, 
taken  captive  by  Pompey,  ($3  b.c. 

Aristonicus,  i,  m.,  a  natural  son  of 
Eumenes  II.,  king  of  Pergamus. 

arma,  orum,  pi.  n.,  weapons ;  loarfare. 

Armenes,  is,  m.,  son  of  Nabis,  a 
tyrant  of  Sparta. 

Armenia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  of  A.sia 
southeast  of  the  Black  Sea, 


VOCABULARY 


171 


Armenia    Minor,    the    portion 
west  of  the  Euphrates. 

Armeniacus,  a,  um,  a<lj.,  pertaui- 
inr/  to  or  belonf/infj  to  Armenia. 

Armenii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Armenia. 

armo,  are,  avi,  atus  [arma],  to 
arm,  equip;  armati,  armed  men, 
soldiers. 

Armoricum,  i,  n.,  the  northern  part 
of  Celtic  Gaul. 

aro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  plow. 

ars,  artis,  f.,  skill,  art,  knoioledfje. 

arsi,  see  ardeo, 

Artaces,  is,  ni.,  a  king  of  Hiheria, 
conquered  by  Pompey. 

Artaxata,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city  of 

_  Armenia  Maior, 

Aruns,  antis,  ni.,  the  son  of  Tar- 
quinius  Superbus. 

Arverni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  an  important 
tribe  of  Celtic  Gaul. 

Arzanena,  ae,  f.,  a  district  of  Ar- 
menia Maior,  bounded  on  the  south 
by  the  Tigris. 

ascendo,  see  *scand6. 

Asclepiodotus,  i,  m.,  a  praetorian 
praefect  during  the  reign  of  Dio- 
cletian. 

Asia,  ae,  f.,  Asia;  Asia  Minor. 

Asiagenes,  is,  m.,  a  Greek  term  for 
the  Latin  Asidticus;  cognomen  of 
L.  Cornelius  Scipio,  conqueror  of 
Antiochus. 

Asina,  ae,  m.  (1)  On.  Cornelius 
Asina,  consul  260  B.C. 

(2)  P.  Cornelius  (Asina),  consul 
218  B.C. 

Asinius,  i,  m.,  Hierius  Asinius,  leader 
of  the  Marsi  in  the  Marsic  war,  90 

B.C. 

asper,  aspera,  asperum,  adj., 
rough,  hitter;  violent,  severe. 

asperitas,  atis  [asper],  f,,  rough- 
ness, harshness. 


aspis,  idis,  f.,  (tn  asp,  viper. 

assiduus,  a,  um  [adsideo,  to  sit  by 
or  near],  adj.,  continually  present, 
busied;  diligent,  persistent,  faith- 
ful; cotitinual,  unceasing,  unre- 
mitting. 

Assyria,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
between  Media,  Mesopotamia,  and 
Babylon. 

Atella,  ae,  f.,  a  small  town  in  Cam- 
pania. 

Athenae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  Athens,  the 
chief  city  of  Attica. 

Atheniensis,  e,  adj.,  Athenian. 

Atilius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Sulcus,  Reg-ulus. 

atque,  ac  (the  latter  used  only  before 
consonants),  conj.,  and,  and  espe- 
cially, and  even;  than,  as;  simul 
ac,  as  soon  as ;  idem  ac,  the  same 
as:  alius  ac,  other  than;  contra 
atque,  differently  from  what. 

atrox,  ocis,  adj.,  savage,  ferce, 
cruel,  terrible. 

Attalus,  i,  m.,  kings  of  Pergamus. 

1.  Attalus  I.,  241-197  B.C. 

2.  Attalus  Philadelphus,   159-138 
B.C. 

3.  Attains     Philometor,     138-133 

B.C. 

Attalus,  i,  m.,  king  of  Paphlagonia. 

attero,  ere,  trivi,  tritus  [ad  +  tero, 
to  rub'],  to  rub  against,  rub  away, 
loear ;  destroy,  ivaste. 

attingo,  see  *tango. 

attritus,  see  attero. 

attuli,  see  adfero. 

auctor,  oris  [aug-eo],  m.,  producer, 
originator,  cause. 

auctoritas,  atis  [auctor],  f.,  au- 
thority, power;  influence,  weight, 
dignity. 

auctus,  a,  um,  see  aug-eo. 

audax,  acis  [audeo],  adj.,  bold,  dar- 
ing, audacious. 


172 


VOCABULARY 


audeo,  ere,  ausus  sum,  to  dare, 

attempt. 
audio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  to  hear,  hear  of, 

listen  to. 
Ob  — oboedio,  ire,  ivi,  itus,  to 

give  ear  to,  hearken,  listen;  yield. 
auditorium,  i  [audio],  n.,  a  lecture 

hall. 
aufero,  see  fero. 
Aufidius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Orestes, 
augeo,  ere,  auxi,  auctus,  to  in- 
crease, spread;  praisejionor;  enrich. 
Augustus,  i,  m.,  a  title  of  honor 

given  to  Octavianus  in  27  B.C.,  and 

after  liim  to  all  the  Roman  emperors. 
Aurelianus  i,  m.,  Lucius  Domitius 

Aurelidnus,  Roman  emperor,  270- 

275  A.D. 
Aurelius,  a,    um,    adj..  Aurelian; 

esp.  via  Aurelia,  the  Aurelian  road. 
Aurelius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens. 

Aurelius  Alexander,  Roman  em- 
peror, 222-235  A.D. 
See  Antoninus,  Cotta. 
aureus,  a,  um  [aurum],  adj.,  golden, 

of  gold;  embroidered  with  gold. 
Aureus  mons,  m.,  a  mountain  in 

Upper  Moesia. 
aurum,  i,  n.,  gold. 
Aurunculeius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a 

Roman  gens.    See  Cotta. 
auspicium,  i  [avis  +  *speci6],   n., 

divination  by  watching  the  .flight, 

or  noting  the  cries,  of  birds;  an 

omen;  auspices. 
ausus,  see  audeo. 
aut,  conj.,  or;  aut  .  .  .  aut,  either 

.  .  .  or. 
autem,    conj.,    always    postpositive, 

but,  however,  moreover. 
auxilium,  i  [aug-eo],  n.,  help,  aid; 

pi.,  auxiliary  troops  (usually  foreign 

and  light  armed) . 


avare  [avarus,  greedy],  adv.,  greed- 
ily. 

avaritia,  ae  [avarus,  greedy],  f., 
greed,  avarice, 

Aventinus,  i,  m.  (sc.  mons),  the 
Aventine,  one  of  the  seven  hills  of 
Rome. 

averts ,  see  *vert6, 

avidus,  a,  um,  adj.  comp.,  avidior, 
desirous,  eager,  greedy. 

avis,  is,  f.,  bird. 

avunculus,  i  [dim  of  avus],  m., 
mother's  brother,  uncle. 

avus,  i,  m.,  grandfather,  ancestor. 


B. 

Babylon,  onis,  f.,  capital  city  of  the 
Babylonian-Assyrian  Empire  in 
Mesopotamia,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Bacaudae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  name 
of  the  revolting  peasants  in  Gaul  in 
the  reign  of  Diocletian. 

Balbinus,  i,  m.  {D.  Caelius)  Balbi- 
nus  was  elected  emperor  by  the 
Senate,  but  was  slain  by  the  soldiers 
at  Rome,  238  a.d. 

barbaria,  ae  [barbarus],  f,,  a 
strange  land,  a  foreign  country 
(opposed  to  Greece  and  Italy). 

barbaricus,  a,  um  [barbarus],  adj., 
foreign,  strange;  as  subst.,  Bar- 
baricum,  i,  n.,  strange  land. 

barbarus,  a,  um,  ?id].,  foreign,  bar- 
barous, barbarian;  as  subst.,  bar- 
bari,  orum,  pi.  m.,  foreigners, 
barbarians. 

Bassianus,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 

Bassus,  i,  m.,  L.  (P.)  Ventidius  Bas- 
sus,  a  Roman  general  who  gained 
several  victories  over  the  Parthians. 
Consul  43  B.C. 

Basternae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  a  warlike 
German  people  living  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Danube. 


VOCABULARY 


173 


beatus,  a,  um  [beo,  to  hless],  adj., 

blessed,  hapijy,  prosperous. 
Bedriacum,  i,  n.,  a  small  towu  in 

Cisalpine  Gaul. 
Belgicus,     a,     um,    adj.,    Belgic; 

Gallia  Belgica,  or  absol.  Belgica, 

the  northern  part  of  Gaul  between 

the  Rhine  and  the  Seine. 
belllcosus,  a,  um  [bellicus],  adj., 

warlike,  fond  of  icar,  fierce. 
bellicus,  a,  um  [bellum],  adj.,  per- 

taininfi  to  loar,  niilitury,  martial. 
bello,  are,  avi,  atus  [bellum],  to 

ivaye  tear. 
re  —  rebello,  are,  §,vi,  atus,  to 

loage  lonr  again,  rebel. 
bellum,  i  [for  duellum,  from  duo], 

n.,  ivar,  xcarfare. 
bene  [bonus],  adv.,  comp.  melius, 

sup.  optime  ;  well,  successfully. 
Beneventum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Cam- 
pania in  Italy, 
benignitas,    atis    [benig-nus],    f,, 

good-will,  kindness. 
benignus,  a,  um,  adj.,  kind,  favor- 
able. 
Berenice,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  Cyrenaica 

in  Africa. 
Bessi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  mountain  tribe 

of  Thrace. 
Bestia,  ae,  m.,  L.  Calpurnius  Bestia, 

consul  111  B.C. 
bestia,  ae,  f.,  a  beast,  animal. 
bibo,  ere,  bibi,  — ,  to  drink. 
Bibulus,  1,  m.,  L.  {Calpurnius)  Bibu- 

Ivs,  consul  with  Caesar  59  B.C. 
biennium,  i  [bis  +  annus],  n.,  two 

years'  time. 
bini,  ae,  a  [bis],  dist.  num.  adj.,  two 

by  two,  two  each. 
bis    [duis  ;    cf.    duo],    num.    adv., 

twice. 
Bithynia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  in  Asia 

Minor,  on  the  Propontis  and  Black 

Sea. 


Bituitus,  i,  m.,  a  king  of  the  Arverni 

in  Gaul. 
Blaesus,  i,  ni.,  C.  Sempronius  Blae- 

sus,  consul  253  B.C. 
blanditia,  ae,    f.,  flattery;    in   pi., 

blandishments,  allurements. 
blatteus,  a,  um    [blatta,  purple], 

adj.,  puiple-colored. 
blattinus,  a,  um  [blatta,  purple], 

adj.,  purple-colored. 
Bocchus,  i,  m.,  akingof  Mauretania, 

father-in-law  of  Jugurtha. 
Boionius,  i,  ni.,  see  Antoninus, 
bonitas,  atis  [bonus],  f.,  goodness. 
Bononia,    ae,    f.,   a  city   in   Belgic 

Gaul,  now  Boulogne. 
Bonosus,    i,    m.,    a    Spaniard    who 

usurped  the  imperial  title  in  Gaul 

in  the  reign  of  Probus,  281  ad. 
bonus,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  melior, 

sup.  optimus ;  good,  advantageous, 

friendly  ;  bono  animo  esse,  to  feel 

friendly;  as  subst.,  bonum,  i,  n., 

profit;    boni,  orum,  pi.   m.,  good 

men,  loyal  citizens ,   bona,  orum, 

pi.  n.,  goods. 
Bosporani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  dwelling 

on  the  Cimmerian  Bosporus. 
Bosporus,  i,  m. 

1.  Cimmerius  Bosporus,  the  strait 
leading  from  the  Black  Sea  to  the 
Sea  of  Azov. 

2.  A  city  in  the  Crimea  on  the 
Cimmerian  Bosporus. 

bracchium,  i,  n.,  an  arm. 

breviarium,  i  [brevis],  n.,  a  sum- 
mary, abridgment,  epitome. 

brevis,  e,  adj.,  short,  brief. 

bre vitas,  atis  [brevis],  f.,  shortness. 

Britannicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining 
to  Britain,  British;  as  subst.,  Bri- 
tannicus, i,  m.,  son  of  the  emperor 
Claudius  and  Messalina. 

Britanni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Britain,  Britains. 


174 


VOCABULARY 


Britannia,  ae,  f.,  Britain,  England 
and  Scotland;  in  the  pi.  includes 
Ireland. 

Brundisini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  the  city  of  Brundisiuin, 
in  Calabria. 

Bruttii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  in  the 
southwestern  part  of  Italy. 

Brutus,  i,  m.,  a  family  name  at  Rome. 

1.  D.  Iimins  Bnitus.  He  con- 
quered the  Callaeci  and  Lusitani, 
and  won  the  name  of  Callaecus  in 
consequence.    Consul  138  B.C. 

2.  L.  Innius  Brutus,  nephew  of 
Tarquinius  Superbus,  consul  with 
Collatinus  509  B.C. 

3.  (J/.  Innius)  Brutus,  one  of  the 
murderers  of  Caesar. 

Budalia,  ae,  f,,  a  town  in  Lower 
Pannonia,  the  birthplace  of  the  em- 
peror Decius. 

Bulcus,  i,  ra.,  C.  Atilius  Bulcus,  con- 
sul 2.37  B.C.  [now  Bordeaux. 

Burdigala,  ae,  f .,  a  city  in  Aquitania, 

Burziaone,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  the  mod- 
ern Bulgaria. 

Byzantium,  i,  n.,  a  city  on  the  Thra- 
cian  Bosporus,  later  Constantinople. 


C,  abbreviation  of    the   praenomen 
Gains, 

C.  =  centum,  100. 

Cablra,  orum,  pi.  n.,  acity  in  Pontus, 
on  the  border  of  Armenia. 

Cabyle,  es,  f.,  a  town  in  Thrace. 

cadaver,  eris  [cado],  n.,  a  corpse. 

cado,  ere,  cecidi,  casurus,  to  fall, 
be  killed,  die ;  happen. 

ad  —  accido,  ere,  cidi,  — ,  to  hap- 
pen, befall,  come  to  pass. 

con  — concidS,  ere,  cidi,  — ,  to 
fall,  be  slain,  perish. 

in  — incid6,ere,cidi,  — ,  to  fall, 
fall  in  with,  meet;  happen. 


Caecilius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 
Q.  Caecilius,  consul  206  B.C. 
See  Metellus. 

Caecus,  i,  m.,  Appius  Claudius  {Cae- 
cus),  consul  307  B.C. 

caedes,  is  [caedo],  f,,  killing,  slaugh- 
ter, massacre. 

caedo,  ere,  cecidi,  caesus,  to  cut, 
cut  to  pieces;  kill,  conquer,  rout; 
virgis  caedere, //Of/. 

ex  — excido,  ere,  cidi,  cisus, 
to  cut  out,  cut  down,  cut  off';  demol- 
ish, lay  ivaste. 

Ob  — occido,  ere,  cidi,  cisus,  to 
cut  down,  kill,  slay. 

Caelius,  a,  um,  adj.,  Caelian; 
Caelius  Mons,  the  Caelian  Hill, 
one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome. 

caelum,  i,  n.,  heaven,  sky. 

Caeninenses,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Caenina,  a  town  of  the 
Sabines. 

Caenophrurium,  i,  n.,  a  town  in 
Thrace. 

Caepio,  onis,  in.,  the  name  of  a 
Roman  family. 

1.  Cn.  Servilius  Caepio,  consul 
253  B.C. 

2.  Q.  (Cn.)  Servilius  Caepio,  con- 
sul 140  B.C. 

3.  Q.    {Servilius)    Caepio,   consul 

10()   B.C. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.,  a  family  name  in 
the  Julian  gens. 

1.  C.  h'dins  Caesar,  the  famous 
dictator.    See  Notes,  p.  144. 

2.  Sex.  laiius  Caesar,  uncle  of  the 
dictator.    Consul  91  B.C. 

3.  C.  Octavidnus,  see  Augrustus, 
Octavianus. 

Caesarea,  ae,  f.,  the  name  given  to 
several  cities  founded  in  honor  of 
the  Caesars. 
1.  Caesarea  in  Cappadocia, 


VOCABULARY 


175 


2.  Caesarea  iu  Mauretaiiia. 

3.  Caesarea  in  Palestine, 
caesus,  a,  una,  see  caedo. 
Calabria,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  south- 
ern Italy. 

calamitas,  atis,  f.,  a  calamity,  de- 
feat.^ 

calceamentum,  i,  u.,  a  shoe. 

calidus,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  calidior ; 
ivann,  hot. 

Caligula,  ae,  m.,  C.  Caesar,  sur- 
named  Caligula,  Roman  emperor 
37-41  A.D. 

Callaeci,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  northern  part  of  Spain. 

Callatis,  is,  f .,  a  town  in  Moesia,  on 
the  Black  Sea. 

callide  [callidus,  shrewd],  adv., 
keenly,  shrewdly. 

Callinicum,  i,  m.,  a  city  iu  Mesopo- 
tamia, on  the  Euphrates. 

Calpurnius,  i,  m.,  see  Bestia. 

Calvinus,  i,  m..  Sex.  Domitins  Cal- 
vlnus,  consul  127  B.C. 

calx,  cis,  f.,  limestone,  lime;  the  goal 
of  the  race-course. 

Camillus,  i,  m.,  1.  (A/.)  Furius  Ca- 
millus,  a  famous  Roman  hero. 

2.  L.  Furius   (Camillus),  consul 
349  B.C. 

Campania,  ae,  f.,  a  district  of  Italy 
on  the  western  side,  south  of  Latium. 

campus,  i,  a  plain ;  Campus  Mar- 
tins, the  level  space  north  of  the 
Capitoline  Hill  at  Rome ;  it  was  out- 
side of  the  walls  in  the  earliest  times, 
au<l  served  as  a  place  for  exercise. 

Canina,  ae,  m.,  C.  Claudius  Canina, 
consul  273  B.C. 

Cannae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  a  small  town  in 
Apulia,  where  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant battles  of  the  Second  Punic 
War  was  fought,  216  B.C. 

Cantabria,  ae,  f.,  a  division  in  the 
northern  part  of  Spain. 


canto,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of  cano, 
to  sing],  to  produce  m,elodious 
sounds,  sing. 

capio,  ere,  cepi,  captus,  to  take, 
get,  seize,  capture,  arrive  at;  con- 
silium capere,  to  form  a  plan. 

ad  —  accipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 
to  accept,  receive;  listen  to,  learn. 

de— decipio,    ere,    cepi,  cep- 
tus, to  take  in,  catch,  deceive,  cheat. 
ex  — excipio,    ere,    cepi,  cep- 
tus, to  take  out,  except,  take  up; 
intercept,  capture ;  receive. 

prae  —  praecipio,  ere,  cepi, 
ceptus,  to  take  beforehand,  fore- 
see;  bid,  order,  direct,  instruct. 

re  —  recipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptus, 
to  take  back,  receive;  admit;  se 
recipere,  to  retreat. 

sub  — suscipio,  ere,  cepi,  cep- 
tus, to  take  up ;  admit,  support ; 
undertake,  incur,  undergo. 

Capitolium,  i,  n.,  the  chief  temple  of 
Jupiter  in  Rome;  the  hill  on  which 
this  stood,  the  Mons  Capitollnus,  the 
citadel  as  well  as  the  chief  sanctuary 
of  Rome. 

Cappadocia,  ae,  f.,  a  province  in 
Asia  Minor. 

Cappadox,  ocis,  ni.,  a  Cappadocian. 

captivus,  a,  um  [capio],  adj.,  cap- 
tive;  as  subst.,  captivus,  i,  m., 
captiva,  ae,  f.,  captive,  prisoner 
of  war. 

captus,  a,  um,  see  capio. 

Capua,  ae,  f.,  a  Greek  city  near 
Naples,  in  Campania. 

caput,  itis,  n.,  the  head;  a  person, 
man:  mouth  (of  a  river);  life. 

Caracalla,  ae,  m.,  see  M.  Aurelius 
Antoninus  Bassianus. 

Carausius,  i,  m.,  a  commander  of  the 
fleet  under  Maximian.  He  revolted, 
and  after  some  time  was  slain,  2D3 

A.D. 


176 


VOCABULARY 


Carbo,  onis,  m.,  1.  Cn.  {Papirius) 
Carbo,  consul  113  b.c. 

2.  (Cn.)   Papirius  Carbo,  consul 
82  B.C. 

career,  eris,  m.,  prison. 

Cardueni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  powerful 
and  warlike  people  in  the  southeast- 
ern part  of  Armenia  Maior. 

careo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  be  without, 
be  free  from,  be  destitute  of;  re- 
frain from,  abstain  from. 

Carinas,  atis,  m.,  C.  Carinas,  a 
leader  of  the  Marian  party. 

Carinus,  i,  m.,  the  son  of  the  em- 
peror Carus.  He  was  associated 
with  his  father  in  the  government. 

Carnuntum,  i,  n.,  an  ancient  Celtic 
town  in  Upper  Pannonia,  on  the 
Danube. 

Carpi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  German  people 
living  between  the  Carpathian  moun- 
tains and  the  Danube. 

Carrae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  a  city  in  Meso- 
potamia. 

Carthalo,  onis,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 
Carthaginians,  slain  by  Q.  Fabius 
Maximus. 

Carus,  i,  m.  (M.  A7irelius)  ^drus, 
Roman  emperor,  282-283  a.d. 

Casca,  ae,  m.  (P.)  /Ser-vilius  Casca, 
consul  44  B.C. 

Cassius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 
See  Longinus,  Viscellinus. 

castellum,  i  [dim.  from  castrum], 
n.,  a  stronghold,  castle,  fort. 

castrum,  i,  n.,  a  fortified  place, 
town;  pi.,  castra,  orum,  pi.  n.,  a 
camp ;  a  campaign. 

casus,  us  [cado],  m.,  that  ichich  be- 
falls; event,  chance,  misfortune, 
death. 

Catalauni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  city  in 
Bclgic  Gaul. 

catena,  ae,  f.,  a  chain,  fetter. 


caten5,  are,  avi,  atus  [catena],  to 
bind  with  chains. 

Catilina,  ae,  m.,  L.  Sergius  Catiline, 
a  conspirator  during  the  consulship 
of  Cicero,  03  b.c. 

Catinenses,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Catina, or  Catana,  in  Sicily. 

Cato,  onis,  m.,  a  family  name  in  the 
Porcian  gens. 

1.  {M.)   Porcius  Cato,  consul  89 

B.C. 

2.  C.  (Porcius)  Cato,  consul  114 

B.C. 

3.  M.  Porcius  Cato,  consul  118  B.C. 

4.  M.  Porcius  Cato  Uticensis. 
Catti,  orum,  pi.  m.,  one  of  the  most 

important  nations  in  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  and  Thuringia. 
Catulus,  i,  m.,   a  family  name   at 
Rome. 

1.  C.    Lutdtius    Catulus,    consul 
242  B.C. 

2.  Q.  Lutdtius  (Catulus),  consul 
241  B.C. 

3.  Q.    Lutdtius    Catulus,    consul 
202  B.C. 

4.  Q.  (Lutdtius)   Catulus,  consul 
78  B.C. 

Caudex,  icis,  m.,  Appius  Claudius 
(Caudex),  consul  2G4  B.C. 

Caudinus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Caudine; 
Furculae  Caudinae,  the  Caudine 
Forks,  a  narrow  pass  in  the  Samnite 
mountains. 

Caudium,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  Sam- 
nium. 

causa,  ae,  f.,  reason,  motive;  pre- 
text; case,  state;  causa,  with  gen. 
postpositive,  for  the  sake  of,  on 
account  of;  causam  dare,  to  occa- 
sion, cause. 

causidicus,  i  [causa  +  dic5],  m.,  a 
pleader,  advocate,  special  pleader. 

cecidi,  see  cado. 

cecidi,  see  caedo. 


VOCABULARY 


177 


Cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessus,  to  move, 

yield,  retreat. 
ad  — accedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessu- 

rus,  to  move  towards,  draw  near ; 

he  added;  agree  to,  enter  into'. 

con  — concede,  ere,  cessi,  ces- 
sus,  to  withdraw,   retire,  depart; 

submit;  allow,  grant,  concede. 
de  —  decedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessus, 

to  go  away,  withdraw,  depart;    to 

die  (sc.  vita) . 
in— incedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessu- 

rus,  to  advance,  approach  ;  march  ; 

move  slowly. 
inter  — intercedo,    ere,   cessi, 

cessus,  to  go  betioeen;  intervene; 

occur. 
prae  — praecedo,    ere,    cessi, 

cessurus,  to  go  be/ore. 

pro  — procedo,  ere,  cessi,  ces- 
sus, to  move  forward,  advance,  make 

progress. 
re  —  recede,  ere,  cessi,  cessus, 

to  move  back,  withdraw,  retire,  re- 
treat. 

sub  —  succedo,  ere,  cessi,  ces- 
sus, to  come  up,  advance  :  succeed, 

follov:. 
celeber,  bris,  bre,  ?i^\.,  famous. 
celebro,  are,  avi,  atus  [celeber], 

to  practice,  repeat ;  celebrate. 
celeritas,    atis     [celer,    swiff],    f., 

siviftness,  speed,  alertness. 
celero,  are,  — ,  —  [celer,  swift] ,  to 

hasten. 
Celtiberia,  ae,    f.,    a    mountainous 

country    in     the    central    part    of 

Spain. 
cena,  ae,  f.,  dinner,  the    principal 

meal   of  the  Romans,  taken  about 

three  o'clock, 
ceno,  are,  avi,  atus  [cena],  to  dine, 

eat. 
censor,  oris  [censeo,  to  valve],  m., 

censor,  a  Roman  magistrate,  elected 

HAZ.  EUTROPIUS — 12 


every  four  years,  to  classify  the 
citizens. 

Censorinus,  i,  m.,  L.  Mdnlius  CensO- 
rlnus,  consul  149  B.C. 

census,  us  [censeo,  to  value],  m., 
the  census,  an  enumeration  and 
classification  of  the  people  accord- 
ing to  wealth. 

centeni,  ae,  a  [centum],  distrib. 
num.  adj.,  a  hundred  each. 

centesimus,  a,  um  [centum] ,  num. 
adj.,  hundredth. 

centum,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  a  hundred. 

Centumalus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a 
Roman  family. 

1.  On.  Fulviu^  Centumalus,  con- 
sul 229  B.C. 

2.  Cn.  Fulvius  (Centumalus) ,  con- 
sul 211  B.C. 

centurio,  onis  [centum],  m.,  a 
century,  a  division  of  the  army  or 
the  people,  containing  a  hundred  men. 

cepi,  see  capio. 

cerno,  ere,  crevi,  certus,  to  sepa- 
rate ;  see,  perceive ;  decide,  deter- 
mine. 

de  — decerno,  ere,  crevi,  cre- 
tus,  to  decide,  determine ;  decree, 
vote,  intrust  (by  a  decree) ;  contend, 
fight. 

certamen,  inis  [certo,  to  fight] ,  n., 
a  struggle,  battle,  engagement. 

certatim  [certo,  to  fight],  adv.,  in 
rivalry,  zealously. 

certe  [certus,  certain],  adv.,  cer- 
tainly, surely. 

cessi,  see  cedo. 

cesso,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.of  cedo], 
to  be  inactive,  loiter,  delay ;  come  to 
an  end,  cease. 

(ceterus),  a,  um  [nom.  sing.  m. 
lacking],  adj.,  the  rest,  the  others, 
others. 

Chaeronensis,  e,  adj.,  belonging  to 
Chaeronea,  a  town  in  Boeotia. 


178 


VOCABULARY 


Chalcedon,  onis,  f,,  a  Greek  city  in 
Bithynia. 

Chalcedonius,  a,  um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  (Jhalcedon. 

chlamys,  ydis,  f.,  a  Grecian  upper 
garment  of  wool,  military  cloak, 
state  mantle. 

Christianus,  a, um,  adj.,  Christian; 
Christiana  relig-io,  Christianity. 

Cibalae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  a  town  in  Pau- 
nonia. 

Cicero,  onis,  m.,  M.  Tullius  Cicero, 
tlie  famous  orator,  consul  63  B.C. 

Cilicia,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
Minor,  bordering  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea. 

Cimbri,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  Germanic 
tribe  which,  together  with  the  Teu- 
tones,  invaded  Italy,  and  was  de- 
feated by  Marius,  101  B.C. 

Cimbricus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Cimhrian. 

Cincinnatus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  family 
name. 

1.  L.  Quintius  Cincinnatus,  con- 
sul 460  B.C. 

2.  T.  Quintius  CincinnCdus,  con- 
quered the  Praenestini  near  the 
river  Allia. 

Cineas,  ae,  m.,  the  friend  and  minis- 
ter of  Pyrrhus,  king  of  Epirus. 

cingo,  ere,  cinxi,  cinctus,  to  en- 
circle, surround;  gird,  gird  on, 
equip;  obsidione  cingere,  to 
blockade,  besiege. 

Cinna,  ae,  m.,  L.  Cornelius  Cinna, 
consul  87,  86  B.C. 

circa,  adv.  and  prep,  with  ace, 
around,  round  about,  throughout. 

Circesium,  i,  n.,  a  city  of  Mesopo- 
tamia on  the  Euphrates. 

circueo,  see  circumeo. 

circuitus,  us  [circumeo],  m.,  a  go- 
ing ro7(nd,  circuit,  loinding  way. 

circumdtlco,  see  duc6. 

circumeo,  see  e6. 


circumfero,  see  fero. 
circumlatus,  see  circumfero. 
circus,  i,  m.,  a  circle,  inclosure  for 

athletic  sports,  esp.  chariot  races; 

Circus  Maximus,  see  Notes,  p.  108. 
citharoedicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or 

pertaining  to  the  citharoedl,  those 

who  play  on  the  cithara,  accompany- 
ing it  with  the  voice. 
*cit6,    are,    avi,    atus    [intens.    of 

cieo,  to  cause  to  »jo?;e],  to  rouse. 
con  —  concito,  are,  avi,  S.tus, 

to  ai'ouse,  urge,  excite. 
ex  — excito,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 

rouse  forth,  excite,  .stimulate. 
cito,  adv.,  quickly,  speedily,  soon. 
civilis,  e  [civis],  adj.,  pertaining  to 

a  citizen  ;  civil;  polite,  moderate. 
civilissime,  see  civiliter. 
civilitas,  atis  [civilis],  f.,  the  art  of 

governmoit, politics ;  conrteousness, 

politeness,  affability. 
civiliter  [civilis],  adv.,  sup.  civilis- 
sime ;     citizenlike,   as    becomes    a 

private  citizen. 
civis,  is,  m.,  a  citizen. 
civitas,  atis,  f.,  citizenship;   state, 

cominunity ;  city. 
Clare  [clarus],  adv.,  clearly  ;  loudly. 
claresco,  ere,  clarui,  —  [incho.  of 

clareo,  to  be  bright],  to  grow  bright ; 

become  audible,  sound  clear ;  become 

illustrious,  grou)  famous. 
clarus,  a,  um,  adj.,  bright ;  famous, 

renoivned;  of  sound,  clear,  loud. 
classis,  is,  f.,  a  class  or  division  of 

citizens;  the  navy  ;  fleet. 
Claudius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  one  of 

the  oldest  and  most  famous  of  the 

Roman  gentes. 

1.  Claudius  I.,  Tib.  Claudius  Dru- 
sus  Nero,  Roman  emperor,  41-54  a.d. 

2.  Claudius  II.,  M.  Aurelius 
Claudius  Gothicus,  Roman  emperor, 
268-270  A.D. 


VOCABULARY 


179 


See  Caecus,  Canina,  Caudex, 
Crassus,  Marcellus,  Nero,  Pul- 
cher. 

Claudius,  a,  um,  adj.,  Claudian. 

claudo,  ere,  clausi,  clausus,  to 
shut,  close,  inclose. 

con  —  conclude,  ere,  clusi, 
clusus,  to  shut  up,  confine. 

ex  — excludo,  ere,  clusi,  clu- 
sus, to  shut  out,  cut  ofi',  exclude. 

claustruna,  i  [claudo],  n.,  a  barrier, 
hindrance ;  frontier,  fortress,  point 
of  control. 

dementia,  ae  [clemens,  gentle],  f., 
mercifulness,  forbearance,  kindness. 

Cleopatra,  ae,  f.,  the  famous  queen 
of  Egrypt. 

clibanarius,  i,  m.,  a  soldier  clad  in 
mail ;  a  cuirassier. 

clipeus,  i,  m.,  a  round  shield,  as 
distinguished  from  scutum,  an  ob- 
long shield. 

cloaca,  ae,  f.,  a  server  drain. 

Clodius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
sens.     See  Albinus. 

Cluentius,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 
Marsi  in  the  Marsic  war. 

Clypea,  ae,  f .,  a  fortified  town  in  the 
northern  part  of  Africa,  near  Car- 
thage. 

Cn.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Gnaeus. 

coactus,  see  cogo. 

Coche,  es,  f.,  a  city  on  the  Tigris, 
near  Ctesiphon. 

coepi,  isse,  coeptus,  defective  verb, 
to  begin. 

coerceo,  see  *arce6, 

coercitor,  oris  [coerceo],  m.,  one 
loho  restrains,  an  oiforcer. 

cognitus,  see  cognosco. 

cognSmen,  inis  [con  +  (g)n6men], 
n.,  a  surname,  a  name  added  to  the 
individual  and  clan  names  of  a  per- 
son, either  as  a  title  of  honor,  as 


Africanus,  Magnus,  or  as  a  nick- 
name, as  Cicero.  Cognomina 
served  to  distinguish  different  fam- 
ilies of  the  same  gens. 

cognomentum,  i  [cognomen],  n., 
a  sur)ia7ne  (rare). 

cognosco,  see  nosco. 

CO  go,  see  ago. 

Colchi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Colchis,  in  Asia. 

CoUatinus,  i,  m.  (L.)  Tarquinius  Col^ 
Idtlnus,  the  husband  of  Lucretia,  and 
one  of  the  first  two  consuls,  509  B.C. 

collinus,  a,  um,  [collis,  a  hill],  adj., 
pertaining  to  a  hill,  hilly ;  Porta 
CoUina,  the  Colline  Gate. 

collum,  i,  m.,  neck. 

colo,  ere,  ui,  cultus,  to  till,  culti- 
vate; dwell  in;  practice,  cherish; 
clothe,  adorn ;  honor,  esteem. 

in  — incolo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  dwell, 
settle,  inhabit. 

colonia,  ae,  [coloj,  f.,'«  colomj,  set- 
tlement. 

columna,  ae,  f.,  a  column,  pillar. 

coma,  ae,  f.,  Itair. 

comes,  itis  [con  +  eo],  m.  and  f.,  a 
companion,  comrade ;  attendant, 
follower. 

cometes,  ae,  Gr.  ace.  comet§n,  m., 
a  comet. 

Commagene,  es,  f.,  a  district  in  the 
northern  part  of  Syria, 

commemoro,  are,  avi,  atus  [con 
+  memor,  mindful],  to  call  to  mind, 

■    mention,  tell. 

commendatio,  onis  [commendo], 
f.,  commending,  recommendation. 

commendo,  see  mando. 

committo,  see  mitto. 

commode  [commodus],  adv.,  fitly, 
easily,  properly,  rightly. 

commodum,  i  [commodus],  n., 
convenience,  advantage,  utility. 

Commodus,  i,  m.,  see  AntSninus. 


180 


VOCABULARY 


cominodus,  a,  um  [con  +  modus] , 
adj.,  in  due  measure,  suitable,  fit, 
convenient. 

commoror,  ari,  atus  sum  [con  + 
moror,  to  delay],  to  tarry,  linger, 
abide,  remain. 

commoveo,  see  moveo, 

communis,  e  [con  +  munus],  adj., 
common ;  ordinary ;  public ;  res 
communis,  the  public  interest. 

compares,  see  pareo. 

compare,  see  paro. 

compare,  are,  avi,  atus  [compar, 
like],  to  compare. 

compello,  see  pello. 

comperio,  see  *pari6. 

compesco,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  confine, 
hold  in  check,  repress,  curb,  restrain. 

compleS,  see  *pleo. 

complexus,  us  [complector,  to  em- 
brace'], m.,  surroiaiding,  embrace. 

compono,  se§  pono. 

compuli,  see  compello. 

computatio,  onis  [computo,  to 
sum  up],  f.,  a  reckoning. 

concede,  see  cedo. 

concido,  see  cado. 

concito,  see  *cit6. 

concitor,  oris  [concitoj,  m.,  he  who 
arouses,  a  stirrer  up. 

concludo,  see  claudo. 

Concordia,  ae,  f.,  a  Roman  colony 
founded  in  Venetia. 

concubina,  ae,  f.,  a  concubine, 

condicio,  onis  [condico,  to  agree], 
f,,  a  condition,  state ;  terms,  stipula- 
tion. 

condiscipulus,  i  [con  +  discipu- 
lus,  a  .'itudent],  in.,  afelloiv-student, 
schoolmate. 

conditor,  6ris  [condo],  m.,  a 
founder,  inventor,  writer. 

condS,  see  d6. 

coufectus,  see  cSnflcio. 

c6nfer6,  see  ferS. 


confestim,  adv.,  immediately,  at 
once. 

conflcio,  see  facio. 

configo,  ere,  fixi,  fixus  [con4- 
figo,  to  fix],  to  fasten  together, 
unite. 

confirm©,  are,  avi,  atus  [con  + 
firmo,  to  make  firm],  to  confirm, 
strengthen,  encourage,  affirm. 

confligo,  see  *flig6. 

confluo,  see  fluo. 

confodio,  ere,  fodi,  fossus  [con  + 
fodio,  to  dig],  to  dig  ;  stab. 

confug-io,  see  fug-io. 

confundo,  see  fundo. 

confusus,  see  confundo. 

congero,  see  gero. 

congredior,  see  *gradior. 

congrego,  are,  avi,  atus  [con  + 
grex,  a  herd],  to  collect,  unite. 

congressus,  see  congredior. 

coniciS,  see  *iaci6. 

coniungo,  see  iungo. 

coniunx,  coniugis  [coniungo],  m. 
and  f.,  a  husband,  wife. 

coniuratio,  onis  [coniuroj,  f.,  a 
conspiracy,  plot. 

coniuro,  see  iuro. 

conlatus,  see  confer©. 

conlega,  ae  [conligo],  m.,  a  col- 
league. 

conligo,  see  leg5. 

conloco,  see  loco. 

conloquium,  i  [con  +  loquor,  to 
speak],  n.,  an  intei^iew,  conference. 

c5nor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  attempt, 
try. 

conscendo,  see  *scando. 

consecro,  see  *sacr6. 

consecatus,  see  consequor. 

consedi,  see  consido. 

consenesco,  see  senesco. 

c5nsensi,  see  consentio. 

consensus,  us  [cSnsentio],  m.,  con- 
sent,  assent,   united   opinion ;    ex 


VOCABULARY 


181 


communi  consensu,  by  common 
consent. 

consentio,  see  sentio. 

consenui,  see  consenesco. 

consequor,  see  sequor. 

consero,  see  *sero. 

consido,  see  sido. 

consilium,  i  [consulo],  n.,  a  plan, 
advice;  counsel,  wisdom;  author- 
ity ;  council. 

consists,  see  *sist6. 

consobrina,  ae  [con  +  soror],  f.,  a 
cousin-german,  first  cousin. 

conspectus,  us  [conspicio],  m., 
sight,  presence. 

conspicio,  see  *speci6. 

Constans,  antis,  m.,  the  youngest  of 
the  three  sons  of  Constantine  the 
Great. 

Constantia,  ae,  f.,  daughter  of  Con- 
stantius  Chlorus. 

Constantinopolis,  is,  f.,  Constanti- 
nople, a  city  built  on  the  site  of 
Byzantium  by  Constantine  the 
Great. 

Constantinus,  i,  m., 

1.  Constantinus,  surnamed  "the 
Great."     Roman  emperor   30G-337 

A.D. 

2.  Constantinus,  son  of  (1). 
Constantius,  i,  m., 

1.  Constantius  Chlorus,  father  of 
Constantine  the  Great.  Roman  em- 
peror 305-30()  A.D. 

2.  Constantius,  third  son  of  Con- 
stantine the  Great.  Roman  emperor 
337-301  A.D. 

constiti,  see  consists, 
constituo,  see  *statuo. 
consuetude,  inis    [consuesco,  to 

become  accustomed],  f.,  habit,  ctis- 

tom,  manner. 
consul,  ulis,m.,  a  conswZ.    The  usual 

name  of  the  two  highest  officials  of 

the   Roman   republic.     They  were 


elected  annually,  and  their  names 
were  used  in  place  of  a  date. 

consularis,  e  [consul],  adj.,  of  a 
consul,  of  consular  rank ;  as  subst., 
an  ex-consul. 

consulatus,  us  [consul],  m.,  con- 
sulate, consulship. 

consulo,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to  consult, 
consider ;  counsel,  give  advice  to ; 
provide  for ;  ask  advice  of, 

consults  [cSnsulS],  adv.,  pur- 
posely. 

cSnsultum,  i  [consuls],  n.,  resolu- 
tion,  decree ;  senatus  cSnsultum, 
decree  of  the  senate. 

cSnsultus,  a,  um  [cSnsulS],  adj., 
experienced,  learned;  iuris  cSn- 
sultus, a  lawyer. 

cSnsumS,  see  stimS. 

contaminS,  are,  avi,  atus  [conta- 
men,  touchl,  to  bring  into  contact, 
mingle  ;  corrupt,  defile,  pollute. 

contemns,  ere,  tempsi,  temptus 
[con  +  temnS,  to  scorn] ,  to  despise, 
scorn. 

contends,  see  tendS. 

contentiS,  Snis  [contends],  f .,  exer- 
tion, struggle ;  contest,  contention. 

contentus,  a,  um  [contineS],  adj., 
content,  satisfied. 

contig-i,  see  contingS. 

contineS,  see  teneS. 

contingS,  see  *tang'S. 

continuus,  a,  um  [contineS],  adj., 
successive,  uni7iterrupted. 

cSntio,  Snis  [contr.  from  conventiS, 
assembling],  f.,  assembly;  an  ad- 
dress (to  the  assembly) . 

contra,  prep,  with  ace,  against,  oppo- 
site to,  contrary  to;  adv.,  on  the 
other  hand;  contra  atque,  con- 
trary to  what. 

contractus,  a,  um,  see  contrahS. 

contradicS,  see  dicS. 

contrahS,  see  trahS, 


182 


VOCABULARY 


contrSversia,  ae  [contra  +  verto], 
f.,  dispute,  controversy. 

contuli,  see  confero. 

convenio,  see  venio. 

conventus,  us  [convenio],  m.,  a 
meeting,  assembly. 

conversus,  see  convert©. 

converts,  see  *vert6. 

convicium,  i  [con  +  voco],  n.,  a 
loud  noise,  clamor,  cry;  insult. 

convinco,  see  vinco. 

convivium,  i  [con -f- vivo],  n.,  a 
/east. 

copia,  ae  [co(n)  +  ops],  f.,  abun- 
dance, supply  ;  pi.,  troops,  supplies ; 
means,  force,  icealth. 

copiosus,  a,  una  [copia],  adj., 
abounding  in,  well  supplied,  rich. 

Corinthii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Corinth. 

Corinthus,  i,  f .,  a  city  in  the  Pelo- 
ponnesus on  the  isthmus  of  Corinth, 
captured  and  destroyed  by  the 
Romans,  146  B.C. 

Coriolanus,  i,  m.,  the  surname  of  Q. 
Marcius,  the  conqueror  of  Corioli, 
403  B.C. 

Corioli,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  town  of  the 
Volsei  in  Latium. 

Cornelius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  large 
and  important  gens  at  Rome.  See 
Asina,  Cinna,  Dolabella,  Faus- 
tus,  Fuscus,  Galbus,  Lentulus, 
Rufinus,  Scipio,  Sulla. 

cornu,  us,  n.,  a  horn ;  trumpet ;  wing 
(of  an  army). 

corpus,  oris,  n.,  a  body. 

corrector,  oris  [corrigo],  m.,  a  cor- 
rector, improver;  a  land  bailiff, 
governor. 

correctus,  see  corrigrS. 

correxi,  see  corrigS. 

corrigS,  see  reg-S. 

corripio,  see  rapio. 

corrumpo,  see  rumpo. 


Corsica,  ae,  f.,  an  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea,  west  of  Italy. 

Corvinus,  i,  m.,  M.  Valerius  Corvi- 
)ius,  twice  dictator,  six  times  consul. 

corvus,  i,  ni.,  a  raven. 

Corycus,  i,  m.,  a  city  in  Cilicia. 

Cosconius,  i,  m.,  C.  Cosconius,  a 
praetor  during  the  Social  War,  80  b.c. 

Cotta,  ae,  m.,  1.  M.  Aurelius  Cotta, 
consul  78  (74)  B.C. 

2.  (L.)  Aurunculeius  (Cotta),  one 
of  Caesar's  lieutenants  in  Gaul. 

Cottius,  i,  m.,  a  king  of  several  Ligu- 
rian  tribes  in  the  Cottian  Alps. 

Cottius,  a,  una,  adj.,  Cottian  ;  Alpes 
Cottiae,  the  Cottian  Alps,  between 
France  and  Italy,  from  Mt.  Viso  to 
Mt.  Cenis. 

Cotys,  yis,  m.,  a  Thracian  king. 

Crassus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  family  name. 

1.  Appius  Claudius  Crassus,  de- 
cemvir. 

2.  M.  Licinius  Crassus,  the  trium- 
vir, consul  70  B.C. 

3.  P.    Licinius    Crassus,    consul 

171    B.C. 

4.  P.    Licinius    Crassus,    called 
Dives  Mncianus,  consul  131  B.C. 

creber,  bra,  brum,  adj.,  croioded, 
numerotis,  frequent. 

credo,  ere,  credidi,  creditus,  to 
believe,  trust,  think;  intrust,  com- 
mend to. 

creo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  create,  make, 
beget;  elect,  declare  elected. 

cresco,  ere,  crevi,  cretus,  to  gron-, 
increase;  become  influenfial,  prosper. 

Creta,  ae,  f.,  an  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea,  south  of  Greece; 
modern  Candia. 

Creticus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining  to 
Crete ;  Creticum  bertum,  loar 
against  Crete. 

crimen,  inis  [cernS],  n.,  accusation, 
slander ;  fault,  crime,  offense. 


-  VOCABULARY 


183 


crinitus,  a,  um  [crinis,  hair],  adj., 
covered  ivith  hair. 

Crinitus,  i,  in.,  see  Traianus.  . 

Crixus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  gladiators 
who  revolted  with  Spartacus. 

cradelitas,  atis  [cradelis,  cruel], 
f.,  cruelty. 

crtideliter  [crudelis,  cniel],  adv., 
cruelli/. 

cruditas,  atis  [criidus,  loiripe],  f., 
overloading  of  t/ie  stomach ;  incli- 
gestion. 

cruentus,  a,  um  [cruor],  adj., 
blood-stained,  bloody. 

cruor,  oris,  m.,  running  blood,  gore. 

Crustumini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Cruatiimerium,  a  town 
in  the  territory  of  the  Sabiues,  north 
of  Rome. 

crystallinus,  a,  um  [crystallum, 
crystal],  adj.,  of  crystal. 

Ctesiphon,  ontis,  f.,  a  city  in  As- 
syria, on  the  Tigris. 

cubiculum,  i  [cubo,  to  lie  down], 
n.,  «  bedchamber. 

culpo,  are,  avi,  atus  [culpa, /aw/fj, 
to jind  fault  icith,  blatne. 

cultus,  us  [colo],  m.,  cultivation, 
icorship ;  cidture,  training ;  mode 
of  life ;  dress,  splendor. 

cum,  prep,  with  abl.,  with,  together 
with. 

cum,  conj.,  of  time,  when,  while, 
ivhenever ;  of  cause,  since;  of  con- 
cession, although ;  cum  .  .  .  turn, 
both  .  .  .  and,  not  only  .  .  .  but  also. 

cunctus,  a,  um  [coniunctus,  con 
-f-iung-o],  adj.,  all  together,  all. 

cupiditas,  atis  [cupidus,  desiroits], 
i.,  desire,  longing;  greediness,  av- 
arice. 

cura,  ae,'f.,  care,  anxiety. 

Curia,  ae,  f.,  the  Roman  senate  house, 
either  the  Curia  Hostilia,  adjoining 
the  Forum,  or  the  Curia  Forapeia, 


built    by  Pompey    in    the  Campus 

Martins.    In  the  latter  Caesar  was 

murdered. 
Curio,  onis,  m.,  C.  Scribonius,  consul 

76  B.C. 
Curius,  i.,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Dentatus. 
curro,  currere,  cucurri,  cursus, 

to  run. 
ob  —  occurro,    currere,    (cu)- 

curri,  cursus,  to  ru7i  tonvet ;  meet 

with,  encounter;  ivithstand;  occur. 
currus,  as  [curro],  m.,  a  chariot. 
Cursor,  oris,  m.,  L.  Papirius  Cursor, 

a  celebrated  general,  six  times  con- 
sul, dictator  twice, 
cursus,   us    [curro],  m.,  running, 

speed;  cours?,  voyage. 
custodia,  ae  [custos,  a  guard],  f., 

care,  guard,  custody. 
Cyrene,  es,  f.,  a  Greek  city  on  the 

coast  of  Africa,  west  of  Egypt, 
Cyzicus,!,  f.,  a  city  of  Mysia,  in  Asia 

Minor. 
Cyzicenus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining 

to  Cyzicus. 


D.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Decimus. 

D.  =  500. 

Daci,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Dacians,  in- 
habitants of  Dacia. 

Dacia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  north  of  the 
Danube. 

Dalmatae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  Dalma- 
tians, the  inhabitants  of  Dalmatia. 

Dalmatia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  bordering 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Adriatic 
Sea. 

Dalmatius,  i,  m.,  Dalmatius  Caesar, 
a  nephew  of  Constantine  the  Great. 

damno,  are,  avi,  atus  [damnum, 
injury] ,  to  condemn,  sentence  ;  bind, 
compel ;  censure, 


184 


VOCABULARY 


Danuvlus,  i,  m.,  the  Danube. 

Daphnenses,  ium,  pi.  m,,  the  in- 
habitants of  Daphne,  a  place  near 
Antioch. 

Dardani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
Upper  Moesla. 

Dardania,  ae,  f.,  a  district  of  the 
Troad,  lying  along  the  Hellespont. 

datus,  see  do, 

de,  prep,  with  abl.,  of  place,  from, 
doion  from,  out  of;  of  time,  after, 
during ;  of  cause,  in  consequence  of, 
through  ;  of  relation,  concerning,  in 
respect  to. 

debe5,  see  habeo. 

decedo,  see  cedo. 

decern,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  ten. 

decemvir,  i  [decern  +  vir],  m.,  one 
of  a  commission  of  ten  men,  de- 
cemvir. 

Decentius,  i,  m.,  Magnus  Decentius, 
brother  of  Magnentius,  by  whom  he 
was  created  Caesar,  351  a.d. 

deceptus,  see  decipio. 

decerns,  see  cerno. 

decessi,  see  decedo. 

decet,  ere,  uit,  —  (impers.),  to  be 
statable,  becoming. 

Decibalus,  I,  m.,  a  celebrated  king 
of  the  Dacians. 

decies  [decern],  num.  adv.,  ten 
times. 

decimus,  a,  um  [decern],  num. 
adj.,  tenth. 

decipio,  see  capio. 

Decius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

(Metius)  Decius,  Roman  emperor 
249-251  A.D.     See  Mus. 

decoro,  are,  avi,  atus  [decus, 
honor] ,  to  decorate,  distinguish. 

decrevi,  see  decerno. 

dedecus,  oris  [de  +  decus,  honor] 
n.,  disgrace,  dishonor. 

dedicatio,  onis    [dedico,   to  dedi 


cate],  t.,  a  dedication,  consecra- 
tion. 

dedidi,  see  dedo. 

deditio,  onis  [dedo],  f.,  a  surrender. 

deditus,  see  dedo. 

dedo,  see  do. 

deduco,  see  duco. 

defeci,  see  deflcio. 

defends,  ere,  fendi,  fensus,  to  ward 
off',  repel ;  defend,  protect. 

defensor,  oris  [defendo],  m.,  a  de- 
fender. 

defers,  see  fero. 

deflciS,  see  faciS. 

defSrmS,  are,  avi,  atus  [de  + 
fSrma],  to  bring  out  of  shape,  de- 
form, disfigure,  spoil,  mar. 

defung-or,  fungi,  functus  sum  [de 
+  fungor,  to  perform],  to  perform, 
finish. 

deiciS,  see  *iaciS. 

dein,  see  deinde. 

deinceps  [deinde  +  capiS],  adv., 
one  after  the  other,  successively ; 
next,  moreover. 

deinde  or  dein  [de  +  inde],  adv., 
aftenoards,  next,  then,  thereafter. 

Deiotarus,  i,  m.,  tetrarch  of  Galatia. 

delects,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of 
deliciS] ,  to  delight,  please. 

deleS,  ere,  evi,  etus,  to  destroy, 
overthrow,  ruin. 

deliciae,  arum,  pi.  f .,  delights;  pleas- 
ure, luxury. 

demergS,  see  mergS. 

Demetrius,  i,  m.,  son  of  Philip  V., 
king  of  Macedonia. 

deminuS,  see  minuS. 

demum,  adv.,  at  last,  finally ;  turn 
demum,  then  at  last,  not  till  then. 

denique,  adv.,  at  last,  finally ;  briefly, 
in  fine. 

Dentatus,  i,  m.,  M.  Curius  Dentdtus, 
consul  21)0  and  275  B.C. 

denuntiS,  see  nuntiO. 


VOCABULARY 


185 


depono,  see  p6n5. 

depopulor,  see  populo. 

depravo,  are,  avi,  atus  [de  + 
pravus],  to  distort ;  pervert,  seduce, 
corrupt,  deprave. 

deprecatio,  onis  [deprecor],  f., 
loarding  off  by  prcujer ;  supplica- 
tion, intercession. 

deprecor,  ari,  atus  sum  [de  +  pre- 
cor,  to  ask],  to  plead  against,  plead, 
avert  by  prayer ;  decline. 

deprehendo,  see  *prehend6. 

describe,  see  scribo. 

desero,  see  *ser5. 

desino,  see  sino. 

desperatio,  onis  [despero],  f.,  de- 
spair, desperation. 

despero,  are,  avi,  atus  [de  + 
spero,  to  hope],  to  give  up  hope, 
despair. 

destituo,  see  *statu6. 

detego,  ere,  texi,  tectus  [de-f 
tego,  to  cover],  to  uncover,  disclose, 
betray. 

deterged,  ere,  tersi,  tersus  [de  + 
tergeo,  to  rub],  to  wipe  off,  remove, 
cleanse,  empty. 

deterred,  ere,  ui,  itus  [d§  +  terreo, 
to  terrify],  to  frighten  away,  deter. 

detestatio,  onis  [detestor],  f.,  the 
invocation  of  a  curse ;  depreca- 
tion. 

detest11)r,  ari,  atus  sum  [de + 
tester,  to  cause  to  witness],  to 
curse,  execrate ;  avert,  ward  off, 
deprecate. 

detraho,  see  traho. 

deus,  i,  m..,  a  god,  divinity. 

devinco,  see  vinco. 

dexter,  era,  erum  and  tra,  trum, 
adj.,  right ;  on  the  right  hand. 

diadema,  atis,  n.,  a  royal  head-dress, 
diadem. 

Diadumenus,  i,  m.,  son  of  the  em- 
peror Macrinus. 


(dicio) ,  onis,  f .,  dominion,  sovereignty, 

sway,  rule. 
dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictus,  to  say,  speak, 

tell;  assent,  promise  ;  appoint,  call. 
contra  —  contradico,  ere,  dixi, 

dictus,  to  contradict,  oppose. 
in  — indie o,  ere,  dixi,  dictus, 

to  proclaim,  declare ;  appoint. 
dictator,  oris  [dicto,  to  say  often], 

ra.,  a  dictator,  a  magistrate  witli 

supreme  power,  chosen  at  times  of 

supreme  peril, 
dictatura,    ae    [dictator],    f.,    the 

office  of  dictator,  dictatorship. 
dictum,  i,  [dico],  n.,  a  saying,  re- 
mark, icord ;  command. 
diduco,  see  duco, 
dies,  ei,  m.,  and  sometimes  in  the 

sing,  f.,  day,  time. 
differs,  see  fero. 
diflaciliter  [dis  +  facilis,  easy] ,  adv., 

comp.  diflacilius ;  ivith  difficulty. 
diffido,  ere,  fisus  sum  [dis  +  fido, 

to  trust] ,  to  distrust,  doubt. 
diffugio,  see  fugio. 
diffundO,  see  fundo. 
dignitas,  atis   [dignus],  f.,  value, 

merit ;  rank,  dignity. 
dignor,  ari,  atus  sum  [dignus],  to 

deem  worthy,  deign,  condescend. 
dignus,  a,  um,  adj.,  worth,  worthy, 

deserving. 
diligens,  tis  [diligo],  adj.,  careful, 

diligent,  attentive  ;  sparing  ;  fond 

of. 

diligentia,  ae  [diligens],  f.,  dili- 
gence, activity,  earnestness. 

diligo,  see  lego. 

dimicatio,  onis  [dimico],  f.,  a  com- 
bat, struggle. 

dimico,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  fight. 

dimidius,  a,  um  [dis  +  medius] , 
adj.,  half;  ^^  subst.,  dimidium,  i, 
n.,  a  half. 

dimitto,  see  iftitto. 


186 


VOCABULARY 


Diocletianus,  i,  m.,  (Valerius)  Dio- 
cletidnus,  emperor  284-305  a.d. 

Diogenes,  is,  m.,  son  of  Archelaus, 
slain  in  the  siege  of  Athens. 

diripio,  see  rapio, 

diruo,  ere,  ui,  utus  [dis  +  ruo,  to 
fall],  to  tear  asunder,  destroy. 

dis,  ditis,  adj.,  sup.  ditissimus ;  rich. 

disciplina,  ae  [disco,  to  learn],  i., 
learning,  instruction,  discipline ; 
system. 

dispertio,  ire,  ivi,  it  us  [dis  +  par- 
tio,  to  share],  to  distribute,  divide. 

displiceo,  see  placed. 

dispone,  see  p5no. 

dissimulatio,  onis  [dissimulo,  to 
make  unlike],  f.,  a  disguisiny,  dis- 
sembling, concealment. 

dissolutus,  a,  um  [part,  of  dissolve, 
to  take  apart],  ^,d].,  lax,  remiss,  neg- 
ligent, careless. 

distraho,  see  traho. 

distribuo,  see  tribuo. 

dito,  are,  avi,  atus  [dis],  to  make 
rich,  enrich. 

diu,  adv.,  comp.  diutius,  sup.  diu- 
tissime ;  long,  for  a  long  time  ; 
quam  diu,  as  long  as. 

diuturnitas,  atis  [diuturnus],  f., 
long  continuance,  length  of  time. 

diuturnus,  a,  um  [diu],  adj.,  pro- 
longed. 

diversus,  a,  um  [part,  of  diverts, 
to  turn  aside],  adj.,  scatter,  sepa- 
rate ,'  dijlerent ;  contrary,  opposed  to. 

divide,  ere,  visi,  visus,  to  divide, 
separate. 

divinus,  a,  um  [divus],  adj.,  divine, 
sacred. 

divisor,  oris  [divide],  m.,  one  who 
distributes,  an  executor. 

divitiae,  arum  [dives,  rich],  pi.  f., 
uj'ialth,  riches. 

divus,  a,  um,  adj.,  divine,  deified; 
^s  subst.,  Divus,  I,  ni.,  a  god.     An 


epithet  given  to  the  Roman  emperors 
after  death. 

do,  dare,  dedi,  datus,  to  give,  put, 
place  ;  furnish,  yield ;  dare  nego- 
tium,  to  commission,  direct ;  dare 
in  fugam,  to  put  to  flight;  dare 
manus,  to  yield;  dare  operam, 
to  attend  to,  assist ;  dare  poenas, 
to  pay  the  penalty  ;  dare  verba,  (o 
deceive. 

ad  —  addo.  dere,  didi,  dit'us,  to 
add,  join  to. 

con  — cendo,  dere,  didi,  ditus, 
to  put  together,  compose,  build, 
found;  conceal. 

de  — dedo,  dere,  didi,  ditus,  to 
give  up,  surrender;  devote. 

ex  — edo,  dere,  didi,  ditus,  to 
put  forth,  show,  elevate;  bear, pro- 
duce. 

in  — indo,  dere,  didi,  ditus,  to 
put  into;  confer,  apply. 

per— perdo,  dere,  didi,  ditus, 
to  lose,  destroy,  ruin  :  vxtste. 

pro  — prodo,  dere,  didi,  ditus, 
to  give  or  j)ut  forth,  make  known ; 
hand  down ;  betray,  surrender. 

re  — redo,  dere,  didi,  ditus.  to 
give  back,  I'eturn  ;  render. 

trans  —  trado,  dere,  didi,  ditus, 
to  give  over,  give  up,  deliver,  surren- 
der; intrust;  transmit;  traditur, 
it  is  said.  » 

deceo,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to  teach,  point 
out. 

docilitas,  atis  [docilis,  teachable], 
{.,  teachabloiess,  docility. 

documentum,  i  [doceo],  w.,  a  les- 
son, example;  evidence,  proof. 

Dolabella,  ae,  m.,  Cn.  Cornelius 
Dohlhella,  consul  inO  B.C. 

doleo,  ere,  lui,  liturus,  to  feel  pain  ; 
grieve. 

dolor,  oris  [doleo],  m.,pain,  sorrow, 
distress,  vexation, 


VOCABULARY 


187 


dolus,  i,  m.,  fraud,  f/uile,  stratagem. 
domesticus,  a,  um  [domus],  adj., 

private,    (hmiestic ;    domesticum 

bellum,  chnl  loar. 
dominus,  i  [domoj,  m.,   a  master, 

lord. 
Domitianus,  i,  m.,  T.  Flavins  Doml- 

tidnus,  Romau  emperor  81-iK)  a.d. 
Domitius,  i,  m.,  a   Roman    family 

name. 

1.  Cn.  Domitius,  consul  32  b.c. 

2.  L.  Domitius,  a  Roman  general 
in  the  war  with  Sertorius. 

See  Calvinus. 

domo,  are,  ui,  itus,  to  tame,  conquer. 
per— perdomo,  are,  ui,  itus, 
to  subdue,  vanquish. 

domus,  us,  f.,  a  house,  home ;  house- 
hold; domi,  loc,  at  home. 

dono,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  give,  pre- 
sent, confer. 

donum,  i,  n.,  a  r/ift. 

Drusus,  i,  m.,  Nero  Claudius  Drusus, 
son  of  Ti.  Claudius  Nero,  and  step- 
son of  Augustus. 

dubie  [dubius],  adv.,  doubtfully,  un- 
certainly. 

dubletas,  atis  [dubius],  f.,  doubt, 
hesitation  (late). 

dubius,  a,  um,  adj.,  doubtful,  un- 
certain. 

ducenti,  ae,  a  [duo  +  centum], 
adj.,  tico  hundred. 

duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus,  to  lead; 
think,  consider;  protract,  put  off; 
uxorem  ducere,  to  marry  ;  vitam 
ducere,  to  lie 2. 

ab  — abduco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus, 
to  lead  away,  loithdraiv. 

ad — adduco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus, 

to  lead  to,  bring  ;  induce,  influence. 

circum  —  circumduco,      ere, 

duxi,    ductus,    t>    lead    around, 

draw  around,  surround. 

de  —  dediico,  ere,  diixi,  ductus, 


to  lead,  loithdraw  ;  induce;  launch, 
disembark. 

dls  — diduco,   ere,  duxi,  duc- 
tus, to  draio  apart,  separate,  relax. 
ex  —  educo,  ere,  daxi,  ductus, 
to  lead  out. 

in  — induco,  ere,  duxi,  ductus, 
to  lead  in ;  induce ;  put  on,  cover. 

pro  —produce,  ere,  duxi,  duc- 
tus, to  lead  forward,  or  out;  prolong. 
re  —  reduce,  ere,  duxi,  ductus, 
to  lead  back  ;  draw  back ;  remove. 

ductus,  us  [duco],  m.,  leadership. 

Dullius,  i,  m.,  C.  Duilius,  consul  260 
B.C.,  commander  of  the  Roman  fleet 
in  the  battle  of  Mylae,  260  b.c. 

dum,  conj.,  lohile,  until. 

duo,  ae,  o,  num.  adj.,  two. 

duodecim  [duo  +  decern],  iudecl. 
num.  adj.,  twelve. 

duodecimus,  a,  um  [duo  +  deci- 
mus],  num.  adj.,  twelfth. 

duplex,  icis  [duo  +  plico,  to  fold] , 
adj.,  twofold,  double. 

duplies,  are,  avi,  atus  [duplex], 
to  double,  repeat. 

durus,  a,  um,  adj.,  hard,  harsh,  diffi- 
cult. 

dux,  ducis  [duco],  m.,  a  leader, 
guide,  commander. 

B. 
e,  see  ex. 
Eboracum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Britain, 

modern  York. 
Edessa,  ae,,f.,  a  city  in  the  western 

part  of  Mesopotamia, 
edictum,  i  [edico,  to  make  known'], 

n.,  a  proclamation,  edict. 
editio,  onis   [edo],  f.,  a  statement, 

account. 
edo,  see  do. 
eddco,  see  diico. 
effero,  see  fero. 
eflacio,  see  facio. 


188 


VOCABULARY 


effringo,  see  frango. 

effugio,  see  fugio. 

ego,  mei,  pers.  pron.,  /,-  pi.  nos,  we. 

egredior,  see  *gradior. 

egregie  [egregius],  adv.,  excel- 
lenthj,  exceedingly,  strikingly. 

egregius,  a,  um  [e  +  grex,  herd], 
adj.,  select,  distinguished y  eminent. 

eicio,  see  *iaci6. 

elegans,  antis  [elego,  for  eligo], 
adj.,  select,  elegant, polite. 

elementum,  i,  n.,  a  first  principle, 
simple  substance;  rudiments. 

elephantus,  i,  m.,  elephant. 

eligo,  see  lego. 

emineo,  ere,  ul,  — ,  to  stand  out,  he 
conspicuous. 

emo,  ere,  emi,  emptus,  to  take; 
buy,  purchase  ;  gain,  acquire. 

ad  — adimo,  ere,  emi,  emptus, 
to  take  away,  destroy,  deprive  of. 

inter  —  interimo,  ere,  emi, 
emptus,  to  take  from  the  midst  of, 
kill. 

per  —  perimo,  ere,  emi,  emp- 
tus, to  take  away  entirely;  anni- 
hilate, destroy. 

re  — redimo,  ere,  emi,  emp- 
tus, to  buy  back,  redeem,  ransom. 

emptor,  oris  [emo],  m.,  a  buyer, 
purchaser. 

enim,  conj.,  always  postpositive, 
namely,  in  fact,  you  know,  for,  be- 
cause. 

eo,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  iturus,  to  go  or 
come,  march. 

ab  — abeo,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  iturus, 
to  go  away,  depart. 

circum  —  circumeo,    ire,     ivi 
(ii),  itus,  to  go  around,  surround. 
inter  — intereo,    ire,    ivi    (ii), 
iturus,  to  perish,  die. 

Ob  — obeo,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  to 
go  to  meet ;  attend  to,  perform ;  die, 
perish. 


per  — pere6,ire,ivi  (ii), iturus, 
to  perish,  distppear,  die. 

re  — rede5,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  iturus, 
to  go  back,  return. 

trans  —  transeo,  ire,  ivi  (ii), 
iturus,  to  go  across,  cross ;  pass 
through  or  by  ;  desert. 

eo  [is],  adv., /or  that  reason,  there- 
fore; to  that  place,  thither;  to  that 
degree,  ,<io  far. 

Ephesus,  i,  f.,  a  Greek  city  near  the 
coast  of  Asia  Minor. 

Epirus,  i,  f.,  a  country  on  the  Ionian 
Sea,  northwest  of  Greece  proper. 

epistola,  ae,  f.,  a  letter. 

epulae,  arum,  pi.  f .,  a  banquet,  feast. 

eques,itis  [equus],  m.,  a  horseman, 
knight;  pi.  cavalry;  magister 
equitum,  master  of  the  horse,  aid- 
de-camp  of  the  dictator. 

equitatus,  us  [equito,  to  ride],  m., 
cavali-y. 

equus,  i,  m.,  a  horse. 

erectus,  a,  um  [orig.  part,  of  erigo], 
adj.,  upright,  erect. 

ergo,  adv.,  expressing  an  inference, 
now,  then,  therefore. 

eripiS,  see  rapio. 

erro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  wander, 
stray,  rove  ;  be  in  error,  err. 

erudio,  ire,  ivi  (ii) ,  itus  [e  +  rudis, 
rough],  to  polish,  educate,  train. 

eruditio,  onis  [erudio],  f.,  a  polish- 
ing, training. 

erumpo,  see  rumpo. 

Esquilinus,  i,  m.  (sc.  coUis),  the 
Esquiline,  the  largest  of  the  seven 
hills  of  Rome. 

et,  conj.,  and,  also,  even,  and  yet; 
et  .  .  .  et,  both  .  .  .  and. 

etenim,  conj., /or, /or  truly,  and  in- 
deed, because,  since. 

etiam  [et  +  iam] ,  conj.,  also,  even. 

Eumenes,  is,  ra.,  king  of  Pergamus, 
197-15U  B.C. 


VOCABULAKY 


189 


Eumenia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Phrygia. 

Euphrates,  is,  dat.  Euphratae, 
p.  83,  1.  22,  m,,  the  Euphrates,  a 
river  in  Syria. 

Eutropius,  i,  m.,  see  Life. 

Europa,  ae,  f.,  Europe. 

evado,  see  *vad6. 

eveho,  see  veho. 

evenio,  see  venio. 

eventus,  us  [evenio],  m.,  outcome, 
result;  occurrence,  event. 

everto,  see  *vert6. 

evoco,  see  voc5. 

ex  or  e  (last  never  before  vowels), 
prep,  with  abl. ;  of  place,  out  of, 
from ;  of  cause,  in  consequence  of, 
because  of;  according  to. 

exanimo,  are,  avi,  atus  [ex  + 
anima],  to  put  out  of  breath,  kill; 
weaken. 

exardesco,  ere,  arsi,  arsus  [ex  + 
ardesco,  to  takejire],  to  take  fire ; 
be  angry. 

exauctSro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  dis- 
charge from  service,  release  from 
the  military  oath. 

excidium,  i,  n.,  downfall,  ruin. 

excido,  see  caedo. 

excipio,  see  capio. 

excito,  see  *cit6. 

exclddo,  see  claudo. 

exemplum,  i,  n.,  a  specimen,  ex- 
ample. 

exerceo,  see  *arce5. 

exercitus,  us  [exerceo],  m.,  an 
army. 

exhaurio,  see  haurio. 

exhibeo,  see  habeo. 

exigo,  see  ago. 

exig-uus,  a,  um  [exig-o],  adj.,  small, 
scanty. 

existimS,  are,  §,vi,  atus  [ex  + 
aestimo,  to  reckon],  to  compute, 
value,  judge,  think,  estimate,  believe, 
suppose,  imagine. 


exitiabilis,  e  [exitium],  adj.,  de- 
structive, deadly. 

exitium,  i  [exeo],  n.,  destruction, 
rui  71. 

exitus,  us  [exeo],  m.,  a  going  out, 
loay  of  egress ;  result. 

exordium,  i  [ex  +  ordo],  n.,  a  be- 
ginning. 

exosus,  a,  um  [part,  of  exodi],  adj., 
hating,  detesting. 

expavesco,  ere,  pavi,  —  [ex  +  pa- 
vesco,  incho.  of  paveo,  to  become 
alarmed],  to  dread,  fear  greatly 
(rare) . 

expeditio,  onis  [expedio,  to  set  fire], 
f.,  an  expedition,  campaign. 

expello,  see  pello. 

experior,  iri,  pertus  sum,  to  test, 
try ;  aioait,  undergo ;  find,  learn. 

expers,  tis  [ex  +  pars] ,  adj.,  having 
no  part  in ;  destitute  of,  devoid  of, 
free  from,  without. 

exple5,  see  *ple6. 

explorator,  oris  [explore,  to  search 
out],  m.,  a  scout. 

exporto,  see  *port6. 

expugno,  see  pugno. 

exsecrabilis,  e  [exsecror],  adj., 
accursed. 

exsecratio,  onis  [exsecror],  f.,  an 
execration,  malediction,  curse. 

exsecror,  see  *sacr6. 

exsequiae,  arum  [exsequor,  tofol- 
loio  ow<],  f.,  funeral  vrocession, 
funeral. 

exsilium,  i  [exsul,  a  banished  per- 
son], n.,  banishment,  exile. 

exsisto,  see  *sist6. 

exspectatio,  onis  [exspectS],  f., 
expectation,  anticipation. 

exspecto,  see  specto. 

exstinguo,  ere  stinxi,  stinctus 
[ex  +  stinguo,  to  extinguish],  to 
quench,  kill,  blot  out,  destroy,  ex- 
tinguish, put  an  end  to. 


190 


VOCABULARY 


exsulo,  are,  avi,  atus  [exsul,  a 
hanished person],  to  be  in  exile. 

externus,  a,  um  [exter,  outer],  adj., 
external,  foreign,  strange. 

extorqued,  ere,  torsi,  tortus 
[ex  +  torqueo,  to  tivist],  to  twist 
out,  extort. 

extra  [exter,  outer],  adv.,  on  the  out- 
side, icithout;  prep,  with  ace,  out- 
side of,  bei/ond. 

extraho,  see  traho. 

extrinsecus,  adv.,  without,  on  the 
outside  ;  —  praeterea,  in  addition. 


Fabius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

Fabiafaniilia,  the  Fabian  gens. 

C.  Fabius,  consul  477  b.c. 

Q.  Fabius,  the  first  Roman  annal- 
ist. 

C.  Fabius  Pictor,  consul  2()9  b.c. 

See  Licinius,  Maximus,  Vibu- 
lanus. 
Fabricius,  i,  m.,  {C.)  Fabricius  {Lu- 
sclnus),  a  Roman  statesman  and 
general,  prominent  in  the  war  with 
Pyrrhus ;  consul  283  and  278  b.c. 
facile  [facilis,    easy],    adv.,    comp. 

facilius ;  easili/ ;  readily. 
facilitas,  atis  [facilis,  easy],  f.,  ease, 

kindliness,  kindness,  courtesy. 
facio,  ere,  feci,  factus,  to  do,  make, 
act,  form ;  choose,  appoint ;  pass, 
fio,  fieri,  factus  sum,  to  be  done, 
occur,  take  place,  happen ;  certi- 
orem  facere,  to  inform. 

ad  — adflcio,  ere,  feci,  fectus, 
to  do  something  to,  intiuence  ;  treat, 
visit  with. 

con— cOnflcio,  ere,  feci,  fec- 
tus, to  do  thoroughly,  complete; 
wear  out,  exhaust ;  prepare,  collect, 
furnish. 


i         de  — deflcio,  ere,  feci,  fectus,  «o 
I     fail,  desert,  be  wanting ;  revolt. 

ex  —  efficio,  ere,. feci,  fectus,  to 
form,  effect ;  accomplish  ;  render  ; 
build;  produce. 

inter — interflcio,  ere,  feci,  fec- 
tus, to  slay,  kill. 

prae  —  praeflcio,  ere,  feci,  fec- 
tus, to  place  in  command  of,  ap- 
point. 

factio,  onis  [facioj,  f.,  a  party, 
political  party,  faction. 

factum,  i  [facio],  n.,  «  deed,  act. 

facundia,  ae  [facundus],  f.,  elo- 
quence,  oratory. 

facundus,  a,  um,  adj.,  eloquent. 

Falisci,  5rum,  pl.m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Falerium,  a  town  in  Etruria,  near 
Mount  Soracte. 

falso  [falsus,/«/6'e],  a,d\'.,  falsely. 

fama,  ae  [for,  to  speak],  f.,  report, 
rumor ;  renown,  honor. 

Famea,  ae,  m.,  the  surname  of 
Hamilco,  commander  of  the  Car- 
thaginian cavalry  in  the  third  Punic 
war. 

fames,  is,  f.,  hunger,  starvation. 

familia,  ae  [famulus,  .'^lave],  f.,  the 
slaves  in.  a  household ;  family, 
household;  race,  estate,  retinue; 
mater  familias  (old  gen.),  mis- 
tress, matron. 

familiaris,  e  [familia],  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  a  family,  private,  intimate, 
friendly;  as  subst.,  an  intimate 
friend;  res  t&mill&res,  property. 

familiaritas,  atis  [familiaris],  f., 
intimacy ,  friendship. 

famula,  ae,  f.,  a  slave  looman. 

fastigium,  i,  n.,  top,  height;  slope, 
descent;  7'ank,  dignity. 

fataliter  [fataiis,  fatal],  adv.,  fa- 
tally, according  to  fate. 

fatigratio,  6nis  [fatigo],  f.,  loeari- 
ness,  fatigue. 


VOCABULARY 


191 


fatig-o,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  tire,  vex ; 

test. 
fatum,  i  [for,  to  speak],  n.,  an  utter- 
ance, prophetic  declaration,  oracle ; 

fate,  destiny. 
Fausta,  ae,  f.,  Flavia  Mdximidna, 

the  daughter   of    Maximiauus  and 

wife  of  Constantine  the  Great. 
Faustina,  ae,  f.,  Galeria  Faustina 

(called  Juulor    to    distinguish    her 

from  her  mother),  the  daughter  of 

Amira  Galeria  Faustina.     She  was 

the  wife  of  M.  Aurelius. 
Faustus,  i,  m.,  L.  Cornelius  Faust  us, 

sou  of  the  dictator  Sulla, 
faveo,  ere,  favi,  fauturus,   to    be  ' 

favorable,  favor,  support,  cherish. 
favor,  oris  [faveo],  m,,  favor,  good  ' 

vnll,  praise.  ! 

favorabilis,  e  [favor],  adj., /avorec?, 

in  favor;  ivinning  favor,  pleasing.    \ 
Felicissimus,  i,  m,,  the  name  of  the  ! 

director  of  the  mint  under  the  em-  ! 

peror  Aurelian.  i 

felicitas,  atis  [felix],  f.,  good  for- \ 

tune,  success.  \ 

feliciter  [felix],  adv.,  comp,  felicius,  ! 

•sup.  felicissime;  luckily,  happily. 
felix,  ids,  adj.,  happy,  successful, 

fortunate.  \ 

femina,  ae,  f.,  a  woman,  female. 
fera,  ae  [ferus],  f,,  a  loild  beast. 
ferculum,  i  [fero],  n.,  a  means  of  \ 

carrying,  a  frame,  barroic,  litter. 
fere,  adv.,  almost,  nearly,  for  the 

most  part,  usually ;    about ;    with 

neg.,  hardly,  scarcely. 
feriatus,  a,  um  [feriae,  days  of  rest] , 

adj.,  keeping  holidays,  idle  ;  festive. 
ferme    [for   ferime,  sup.  of  fere], 

adv.,   almost,   about   (especially  of 

numbers). 
fero,   ferre,    tuli,    latus,    to    bear, 

lift;  endure;  bring,  receive,  report; 

drive,  blow  (of  the  wind) ;  pass.,  to 


rush;  enter;  signa  ferre,  to  ad- 
vance; fertViV,  is  said;  ferre  sen- 
tentiam,  to  judge. 

ab  —  aufero,  ferre,  abstuli,  ab- 
latus,  to  take  or  carry  aivay, 
remove. 

ad  — adfero,  ferre,  attuli,  ad- 
latus,  to  bring,  present,  produce, 
affirm ;  carry  word. 

circum  —  circumfero,  ferre, 
tuli,  latus,  to  cast  around,  go 
around. 

con  — confers,  ferre,  tuli,  la- 
tus, to  bring  together,  collect ;  con- 
vey ;  impute ;  compare ;  se  con- 
ferre,  betake  o)ie's  self,  go. 

de  — defers,  ferre,  tuli,  latus, 
to  bring  doivn,  bring;  report,  in- 
form; assign,  confer  upon  ;  offer; 
accuse ;  rem  deferre  ad  populum, 
to  submit  a  matter  to  the  people. 

dis  — differs,  ferre,  distuli,  di- 
latus,  to  carry  asunder,  scatter; 
postpone ;  delay  ;  differ. 

ex  — efferS,  ferre,  extuli,  ela- 
tus,  to  carry  out  or  aioay ;  spread 
abroad;  raise,  elate;  bury. 

in  —  infers,  ferre,  intuli,  inla- 
tus,  to  bring  in  or  upon ;  introduce ; 
throio ;  inflict ;  make,  produce ;  in- 
spire; bellum  inferre,  to  wage 
(offensive)  icar;  signa  inferre,  to 
advance  against ;  se  inferre,  to 
betake  one's  self. 

ob  —  offers,  ferre,  obtuli,  obla- 
tus,  to  bring  before,  offer ;  promise  ; 
expose. 

per  — perferS,  ferre,  tuli,  la- 
tus, to  carry  through;  convey, 
report;  endure. 

prae  — praeferS,  ferre,  tuli,  la- 
tus, to  carry  before ;  put  before, 
prefer. 

re  — refers,  ferre,  rettuli,  la- 
tus, to  bring  back;  report,  relate; 


192 


VOCABULARY 


pedem  referre,  retreat ;  gratiam 
referre,  make  return,  requite. 

trans  —  transfer© ,  ferre,  tuli, 
latus,  to  bear  or  take  over  or  across ; 
transport,  trunifer. 

ferocia,  ae  [ferox,  fierce],  f.,  fierce- 
ness, courage,  cruelty. 

ferratus,  a,  um  [ferrum],  adj.,/w/-- 
nished  lolth  iron,  ironed;  milites 
ferrati,  cuirassiers. 

ferrum,  i,  n.,  iron;  sword,  spear. 

ferus,  a,  um,  adj.,  wild,  barbarous, 
cruel. 

festino,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  hasten. 

festus,  a,  um,  adj.,  festive;  dies 
festus,/ea.si  day. 

fetor,  oris,  m.,  an  offensive  smell. 

fictus,  a,  um  [flngo,  to  form],  adj., 
false,  fictitious. 

Fidenae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  an  ancient 
town  in  tlie  country  of  the  Sabines, 
five  miles  north  of  Rome. 

Fidenates,  um,  pi.  ra.,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Fidenae. 

fides,  ei,  f.,  good  faith,  loyalty ; 
promise  ;  alliance  ;  trust. 

fidus,  a,  lira,  adi-,  trusty,  f aithf id. 

filia,  ae,  f.,  daiLghtcr. 

filius,  i,  m.,  son. 

finio,  ire,  ivi,  itus  (finis),  to  bound, 
limit ;  end,  finish. 

finis,  is,  m.,  a  limit,  boundary ;  end, 
purpose;  pi.,  territory,  country. 

finitimus,  a,  um  [finis],  adj.,  bor- 
dering, neighboring;  as  subst., 
finitimi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  neighbors. 

fio,  fieri,  factus  sum,  see  faci5. 

firmus,  a,  um,  adj.,  strong,  power- 
ful; trusty. 

flscus,  i,  m.,  a  purse;  treasury. 

Flaccus,  i,  m.,  1.  (M.)  Fulvius  Flac- 
cus,  consul  204  B.C. 

2.  Q.  Fulvius  {Flaccus),  consul 
237  B.C. 

fla^itiosus,    a,    um    [flagritium,    a 


crime],  adj.,  shameful,  disgraceful, 
infamous. 

Flamininus,  i,  m.,  T.  Qulntius  Fld- 
mininus,  consul  123  B.C. 

Flaminius,  i,  m.,  (C.)  Flaminius 
{Nepos),  consul  223  and  217  B.C. 

fle5,  ere,  flevi,  fletus,  to  weep. 

fletus,  us  [fleo],  m.,  weeping,  en- 
treaties; tears. 

*fligo,  ere,  flixi,  flictus,  to  strike 
(ante-classical). 

ad— adfligo,  ere,  flixi,  flictus, 
to  dash  against,  scatter,  ruin. 

con — confligo,  ere,  flixi,  flic- 
tus, to  strike  together;  contend, 
fight. 

pro  — profligo,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  rout,  overthrow. 

floreo,  ere,  ui,  —  [flos,  a  flower],  to 
bloom,  flourish,  prosper. 

Florianus,  i,  m.,  {M.  Annius)  Flori- 
dnus,  the  brother  of  the  emperor 
Tacitus,  upon  whose  death  he  was 
proclaimed  emperor  at  Rome,  276 

A.D. 

Florus,  i,  m.,  C.  Aqullius  Florus,  con- 
sul with  L.  Scipio,  239  B.C. 
fiupien,  inis  [fluo],  n.,    a   stream, 

river. 
fluo,  ere,  fluxi,  fluxus,  to  flow. 

con  — confluo,  ere,  fluxi,—,  to 

run  together,  crowd,  throng. 
fluvius,  i  [fluo],  m.,  a  river. 
foedo.  are,  avi,  atus  [foedus],  to 

make  foul,  pollute ;  dishonor. 
foedus,  a,  um,  adj.,  foul,  unseemly. 
foedus,  eris,  n.,  a  treaty,  alliance, 

league. 
forem,  es,  et,  etc.,  see  sum, 
forma,  ae,  {.,  form,  figure,  beauty. 
fortis,  e,  adj.,  brave,  strong. 
fortitude,  inis  [fortis],  f.,  courage, 

bravery. 
fortuitus,  a,  um  [fors,  chance],  adj., 

causal,  accidental  (rare). 


VOCABULARY 


198 


fortuna,  ae  [fors,  chance],  f.,  luck, 
fovtuiip. ;  state,  property . 

fortunatus,  a,  um  [fortuna],  adj., 
lucky,  fortunate. 

forum,  i  (cf.  foris,  out  of  doors),  n., 
an  out  of  doors  place,  market, 
Forum ;  esp.,  the  Forum  Romanura 
between  the  Capitoline  and  the 
Palatine  hills.  It  was  the  center  of 
the  political,  religious,  and  business 
life  of  Rome. 

fossa,  ae  [fodio,  to  dig],  f.,  a  ditch, 
pit,  moat. 

FrancI,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Fraud, 
i.e.  "  the  Freemen,"  a  confederacy 
of  German  tribes  on  the  lower 
Rhine. 

frango,  ere,  fregi,  fractus,  to  break; 
ivreck,  subdue,  tire  out. 

ex  — effringo,  ere,  fregi,  frac- 
tus, to  break  off,  break  open. 

in— infring-o,  ere,  fregi,  frac- 
tus, to  break  of ;  sub'lue,  overcome. 

f rater,  tris,  ra.,  a  brother. 

fraternus,  a,  um  [f rater],  adj., 
brother's,  brotherly. 

fraus,  fraudis,  i.,foul  play  ;  treach- 
ery. 

frequens,  entis,  adj.,  croioded,  fre- 
quent;  in  f/reat  numbers. 

frequenter  [frequens],  adv.,  often. 

frequents,  are,  avi,  atus  [fre- 
quens], to  visit  repeatedly;  fre- 
quent ;  throng. 

frigidus,  a,  um  [frigeo,  to  be  cold] , 
adj.,  cold. 

frigus,  oris,  n.,  cold. 

Fronts,  onis,  m.,  (M.  Cornelius) 
Fronto,  a  celebrated  teacher  of 
rhetoric  during  the  reign  of  Ha- 
drian. 

frumentum,  i  [fruor,  to  enjoy],  n., 
grain,  corn;  pi.,  crops. 

frustra,  adv.,  in  vain. 

fuga,  ae,  f.,  flight. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS — 13 


fugio,  ere,  fug.I,  — ,   to  flee ;  avoid, 

escape. 
con  —  confugro,  ere,  fugi,  — ,  to 

flee,  take  refuge. 

dis  — diffugio,  ere,"  fagi,  — ,  to 

flee  apart,  scatter. 

ex  — effugio,  ere,    fugi,—,   to 

flee  from,  escap?. 

pro  — profugio,  ere,  fugi,—,  to 

flee,  escape. 

re  — refugio,    ere,    fugi,—,  to 

flee  back,  escape. 
fugo,  are,  avi,  atus  [fugio],  to  put 

to  flight,  rout. 
fulgeo,  ere,  fulsi,  — ,  to  flash,  gleam. 
fulmen,  inis  [fulgeo],  n.,  lightning, 

thunderbolt. 
Fulvius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Centumalus,  Flaccus, 

Nobilior. 
fundo,  ere,  fudi,   fusus,   to  pour, 

shed;  rout,  vanquish. 

con  —  confundo,  ere,  fudi,  fu- 
sus, to  pour  together,  mingle,  unite, 

confuse. 
dis  —  dif fundo,  ere,  fudi,  fusus, 

to  spread  out,  extend,  stretch. 
funestus,  a,  um  [ftinus],  adj.,  caus- 
ing death,  deadly,  destructive. 
funis,  is,  f.,  a  rope,  cable. 
fQnus,  eris,  n.,  burial,  funeral  rites  ; 

corpse. 
furca,   ae,  f.,  a   two-pronged  fork; 

yoke. 
furcula,    ae   [furca],   f.,    a  forked 

prop  ;  pi.,  a  narrow  pass. 
Furius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens. 

C.  Furius  Placidus,  consul  251  B.C. 
See  Camillus. 
Fuscus,  i,  m.,  Cornelius  Fuscus,  one 

of    the    most  active    adherents    of 

Vespasian    in    his    contest   for  the 

empire, 
futurus,  see  sum. 


194 


VOCABULARY 


G 

Gabii,  orum,  pi.  m,,  an  ancient 
town  in  Latium,  east  of  Rome. 

Galatia,  ae,  f.,  a  province  of  Asia 
Minor  settled  by  Gallic  tribes  in  the 
third  century  B.C. 

Galba,  ae,  m.,  Servius  (Sulpicius) 
Galba,  Roman  emperor  6S-iV.i  a.d. 

Galerius,  i,  m.,  see  Maximianus. 

Gallia,  ae,  f.,  the  country  of  the 
Gauls ;  modern  France  and  the  terri- 
tories on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rhine. 
The  northern  part  of  Italy  was  set- 
tled by  Gauls,  and  was  called  Gallia 
Cisalpina;  hence  the  pi.  Galliae. 

Gallienus,  i,  m.  {P.  Licinius  Valeri- 
dnus  Egnatius)  Gallienus,  Roman 
emperor  260-268  A.D. 

Gallus,  i,  m., 

1.  C.  (Cn.)  Cornelias  Gallus,  gov- 
ernor of  Egypt  under  Augustus. 

2.  Gallus  Hostilidnus,  Roman  em- 
peror 251-253  A.D. 

Gallus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining  to 

Gaul;    Galli,  orum,    pi.    m.,    the 

Gauls. 
gaudium,  i  [gaudeo,  to  rejoice],  n., 

joy. 
g-aza,  ae,  f.,  treasure,  riches. 
geminus,  a,  um,  adj.,  twin,  tioof old; 

as  subst.,  gemini,  orum,  pi.  m., 

the  tivins. 
gemma,  ae,  f.,  a  bud;  gem,  precious 

.stone. 
gener,  eri,  m.,  a  son-in-law. 
genitura,  ae,  f.,  horir  of  birth;  na- 
tivity. 
gens,  gentis,  f.,  a   gens  or  clan; 

tribe,  people,  nation. 
Gentius,  i,  m.,  a  king  of  the  Illyrians. 
Genucius,  i,  m.,  L.  Goiucius,  consul 

36")  B.C. 
genus,    generis,   n.,    race,  family, 

stock,  birth ;  kind,  class,  sort. 


German!,  orum,  pi,  ra.,  the  Ger- 
mans. 

Germania,  ae,  f.,  Germany. 

Germanlcianus,  a,  um,  adj.,  sta- 
tioned  or  serving  in  Germany  (late). 

gero,  ere,  gessi,  gestus,  to  bear, 
carry ;  perform,  do,  carry  out , 
loage ;  se  gerere,  to  conduct  one's 
self,  behave ;  rem  publicam  ge- 
rere, to  administer  the  state ;  res 
gestae,  exploits,  history. 

con—  congerd,  ere,  gessi,  ges- 
tus, to  bring  together,  collect. 

Geta,  ae,  m.,  Septimius  Geta,  brother 
of  Caracalla,  by  whom  he  was  assas- 
sinated, 212  A.D. 

Glabrio,  onis,  m.,  M.  Aciliu^  Gla- 
brio,  consul  191  B.C. 

gladiator,  oris  [gladius],  m.,  a 
gladiator. 

gladiatorius,  a,  um  [gladiator], 
adj.,  pertaining  to  a  gladiator, 
gladiatorial. 

gladius,  i,  m.,  a  sword. 

gloria,  ae,  f.,  glory,  honor,  fame. 

gloriose  [gloria],  adv.,  gloriously. 

Gordianus,  i,  m.,  {M.  Antonius) 
Gordiiimis,  the  name  of  three  Roman 
emperors,  father,  sou,  and  grandson, 
237-244  A.D. 

1.  Gordianus,  senior. 

2.  Gordianus  Augustus,  son  of  (1). 

3.  Gordianus  Augustus,  son  of  (2). 
Gothi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Goths,  a 

Germanic  people. 
Gracchus,  i,  m.,  a  family  name  in 
the  Sempronian  gens  at  Rome. 

Ti.  Sempronius  Gi'acchtts,  consul 
218  B.C.    See  Notes,  p.  124. 
♦gradior,  gradi,  gressus  sum,  to 
step,  rvalk. 

ad  —  aggredior,    gredi,    gres- 
sus sum,  to  approach,  attack,  un- 
dertake. 
con  —  congredior,  gredi,  gres- 


VOCABULARY 


195 


sus  sum,  to  come  together,  unite 
with,  engage,  attack. 

e  —  egredior,  gredi,  gressus 
sum,  to  go  out,  leave,  disembark; 
surjjass. 

in  — ingredior,  gredi,  gressus 
sum,  to  enter. 

pro  —  prdgredior,  gredi,  gres- 
sus sum,  to  advance,  proceed. 

re  —  regredior,  gredi,  gressus 
sum,  to  step  back,  retreat,  return. 

trans  —  transgredior,  gredi, 
gressus  sum,  to  step  over  or 
across,  cross. 

Graece,  adv.,  in  the  Greek  language, 
in  Greek. 

Graecia,  ae,  f.,  Greece. 

Graecus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Grecian, 
Greek;  as  subst.,  Graeci,  orum, 
pi.  m.,  the  Greeks. 

grandaevus,  a,  um  [grandis  + 
aevum,  age] ,  adj.,  aged. 

grandis,  e,  adj.,  large,  grand. 

gratia,  ae  [gratus],  f.,  favor,  re- 
gard; return,  acknowledge ;  friend- 
ship, love,  popularity,  influence; 
gratiae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  thanks; 
gratia,  with  preceding  gen.,  fre- 
quent in  expressions  of  purpose, /or 
the  sake  of. 

gratus,  a,  um,  adj.,  welcome,  pleas- 
ing, gratefid. 

gravis,  e,  adj.,  heavy,  hard,  severe ; 
important,  grave ;  troublesome, 
grievous. 

graviter  [gravis],  adv.,  comp.  gra- 
vius,  sup.  gravissime ;  weightily, 
vigorously,  seriously,  toith  dignity. 

H. 

habena,  ae  [habeo],  f.,  a  holder, 
halter,  rein;  only  in  pi.,  the  reins, 
dtrection,management,  government. 

habeo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  have,  hold, 


possess,    keep;     regard,    consider; 

render  (honor) ;  habere  se,  to  be. 
de  — debeo,    ere,    ui,    itus,  to 

owe,  ought;  pass.,  be  due;  debet, 

debuit,  inf.,  ought. 
ex  — exhibeo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to 

hold  forth,  show,  display  ;  furnish, 

procure. 

prae  — praebeo,  ere,  ui,  itus, 

to   hold    in  front,    offer,   furnish, 

exhibit. 
habito,    are,    avi,    atus    [freq.    of 

habeo] ,  to  dwell,  inhabit,  live. 
habitus,  us  [habeo],  m.,  state,  con- 
dition ;  habit,  manner ;  dress. 
Hadrianus,  i,  m.,  (P.)  Aelius  Hadri- 

iinus,  Roman  emperor  117-138  a.d. 
Haemus,   i,    ni.,    a    lofty   range   of 

mountains  separating   Thrace   and 

Moesia. 
Hamilcar,  aris,  m.,  a  Carthaginian 

general  in  the  first  Punic  war. 
Hannibal,  alis,  m.,  the  son  of  Hamil- 
car Barca,  the  great  general  of  the 

Carthaginians  in  the  second  Punic 

war. 
Hanno,  onis,  m., 

1.  A  Carthaginian  general  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  taken  captive  in 
Sicily  210  b.c. 

2.  A  Carthaginian  general  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  defeated  by  Scipio 
203  B.C. 

Hasdrubal,  alis,  m., 

1.  Surnamed  Calvus,  "  the  Bald," 
commander  of  the  Carthaginian  ex- 
pedition to  Sardinia  in  the  second 
Punic  war  215  B.C. 

2.  Brother  of  Hannibal,  defeated 
and  slain  at  the  battle  of  the  Metau- 
rus  207  B.C. 

3.  The  leader  of  the  Carthaginians 
in  the  third  Punic  war  149-146  B.C. 

haud,  adv.,  by  no  means,  not  at  all, 
710 1. 


196 


VOCABULARY 


haurio,  ire,  hausi,  haustus,  to 
drink. 

ex—  exhaurio,  ire,  hausi,  haus- 
tus, to  take  out,  empty  out,  exhaust. 

Helena,  ae,  f.,  the  uame  of  a  Roman 
camp  ill  Spain  wliere  Constans  died. 

Heliogabalus,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 

Helvetii,  orum,  pL  m.,  a  Celtic  tribe 
living  north  of  Lake  Geneva  in 
modern  Switzerland. 

Heraclea,  ae,  f ,,  a  city  in  Thrace  on 
the  Propontis. 

Herculius,  i,  m.,  a  cognomen  of 
Maximianus. 

Herennius,  i,  m.,  T.  Herennius 
(Pontius),  leader  of  the  Samnites 
in  the  Marsic  war. 

heres,  edis,  m.,  an  heir. 

Hiberi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Hiberia. 

Hiberia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  of  Asia. 

hie,  haec,  hoc,  dem.  pron.,  this  ;  he, 
she,  it;  the  following  ;  the  latter. 

hiems,  hiemis,  f,,  winter;  storm. 

Hiempsal,  alls,  m.,  son  of  Micipsa, 
king  of  Numidia,  was  murdered  by 
Jugurtha. 

Hierda,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Mauretania. 

Hierius,  i,  m.,  Hierius  Asinius,  leader 
of  the  Samnites  in  the  Marsic 
w^ar. 

Hiero,  onis,  m.,  king  of  Syracuse,  an 
ally  of  the  Romans. 

Hierosolyma,  orum,  pi.  n.,  Jerusa- 
lem. 

hinc  [hie],  adv.,  from  this  place  or 
time,  hence. 

Hirtius,  i,  m.,  {A.)  Hirtius,  friend  of 
Caesar;  consul  43  B.C. 

Hirtuleius,  i,  m.,  a  distinguished  gen- 
eral of  Sertorius  in  Spain. 

Hispania,  ae,  f.,  Spain  (including 
Portugal).  It  was  divided  into  two 
provinces,  Hispania  Citerior  and 
Ulterior;  hence  the  pi.  Hispaniae. 


Hispanus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Spanish;  as 
subst.,  Hispanus,  i,  m.,  a  Spaniard. 

historia,  ae,  f.,  history,  account, 
story. 

historicus,  i,  m.,  an  historian. 

Hister,  tri,  f.,  a  town  in  Lower 
Moesia. 

Histri,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Histria,  a  peninsula  in  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

hodie  [hoe  +  die],  adv.,  to-day. 

homo,  hominis,  m.  and  f.,  a  human 
being ;  man,  mankind. 

honestas,  atis  [honestus],  f .,  honor, 
virtue. 

honestus,  a,  um  [honor] ,  adj.,  hon- 
orable, upright,  noble,  illustrious. 

honor,  oris,  m.,  honor,  respect,  es- 
teem ;  public  office. 

honoriflce  [honorifieus,  confernng 
honor],  adv.,  tvith  honor,  honorably. 

honoro,  are,  avi,  atus  [honor],  to 
honor,  respect,  adorn;  celebrate. 

hora,  ae,  f.,  hour,  the  twelfth  part 
of  the  day  (sunrise  to  sunset)  or 
night. 

Horatlus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Pulvillus. 

Hormisda,  ae,  m.,  kiug  of  Persia, 
30;5-310  A.D. 

horror,  6ris,m.,  dread,  terror,  horror. 

hortus,  i,  m.,  garden,  orchard,  park. 

Hostilianus,  i,  m.,  see  Gallus. 

hostilis,  e  [hostis],  adj.,  hostile. 

Hostilius,  i,  m.,  Tullus  Hostilius,  the 
third  king  of  Rome,  672-640  B.C. 
See  Mancinus. 

hostis,  is,  m.,  an  enemy,  foe. 

huiusmodi  [hie  +  modus],  adv.,  of 
this  (i.e.  the  following)  kind. 

humanus,  a,  um  [homo],  adj.,  hu- 
man; refined,  civilized;  humane. 

humerus,  i,  m.,  the  shoulder. 

humiliter  [humus,  the  ground], ndy., 
basely,  meanly,  abjectly,  humbly. 


VOCABULARY 


197 


iaceo,  ere,  ui,— ,  to  lie,  He  dead. 

*iacio,  ere,  ieci,  iactus,  to  throw, 
cast,  hurl;  throw  up,  construct. 

ad  — adicio,  ere,  ieci,  iectus,  to 
throw  to,  fing  ;  add. 

con  —  conicio,  icere,  conieci, 
coniectus,  to  throiv  together,  unite  ; 
hurl,  throw;  conjecture. 

de  — deicio,  icere,  ieci,  iectus, 
to  throw  or  hwl  down,  bring  down; 
lay  low,  dislodge,  destroy. 

ex  — eicio,  icere,  ieci,  iectus, 
to  cast  or  drive  out,  expel. 

inter — intericio,  icere,  ieci, 
iectus,  to  throw  or  place  between, 
interpose;  intervene  (in  pass.). 

Ob  — obicio,  icere,  ieci,  iectus, 
to  throw  before,  put  in  the  way  of; 
put  in  the  hands  of ;  expose. 

sub — subicio,  icere,  ieci,  iec- 
tus, to  throw  OY place  under;  hand 
up ;  present ;  subdue. 

trans  —  traicio,  icere,  ieci,  iec- 
tus, to  throiv  or  carry  acro,<is,  trans- 
port ;  pierce,  penetrate,  transfix ;  go 
or  pass  over,  cross. 

iam,  adv.,  now,  already,  at  once. 

laniculum,  i,  n.,  Janiculum,  a  hill 
oil  the  west  bank  of  the  Tiber. 

lanus,  i,  m.,  Janus,  an  old  Latin  di- 
vinity, who  presided  over  the  be- 
ginnings of  all  things ;  commonly 
represented  with  two  faces. 

ibi,  adv.,  there  ;  thereupon,  then. 

ibidem  [ibi],  adv.,  in  the  same  place, 
just  there. 

ico,  ere,  ici,  ictus,  to  strike,  smite ; 
foedus  icere,  to  strike  (conclude) 
a  treaty  (rare). 

ictus,  us  [icoj,  m.,  a  blow,  stroke, 
loound. 

idcirco  [id  +  abl.  of  circus],  adv., 
on  that  account,  therefore. 


idem,  eadem,  idem,  dem.  pron.,  the 

same ;  often  best  rendered  by  an 
adv.,  also,  too,  besides. 

idoneus,  a,  um,  adj.,  suitable,  , fit ; 
capable. 

idus,  uum,  pi.  f.,  the  Ides;  the  fif- 
teenth of  March,  May,  July,  and 
October,  and  the  thirteenth  of  other 
months. 

ig-itur,  adv.,  then,  therefore,  accord- 
ingly. 

ignave  [ig-navus],  adv.,  sluggishly, 
slothfully,  loithout  spirit. 

ignavia,  ae  [ignavus],  f,,  idleness, 
sloth ;  cowardice,  baseness. 

ig-navus,  a,  um,  adj.,  inactive,  lazy, 
slothful;  cowardly,  dastardly. 

ignis,  is,  m.,  fire. 

ignobilis,  e  [m+ (g')n6bilis,  adj., 
unknown,  unrenowned,  obscure ; 
base,  ignoble. 

ig-nobiliter  [ig-nobilis], adv.,  meanly 
(late  Latin). 

ig-nominia,  ae  [in+  (g)n6men],  f., 
disgrace,  dishonor,  ignominy. 

ig-nominiose  [ignominiosus,  dis- 
graceful], adv.,  ignominiously,  dis- 
gracefully. 

ig-noro,  are,  avi,  atus  [ig-narus, 
ignorant],  to  be  ignorant,  7iot  to 
know,  overlook. 

ille,  ilia,  illud,  dem.  pron.,  that;  he, 
she,  it ;  the  former. 

illic  [ille],  adv.,  there,  in  that  place. 

illustris,  e,  adj.,  clear,  distinguished, 
glorious. 

illyricum,  i,  n.,  a  country  east  of 
the  Adriatic  Sea. 

illyrii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Illyricum. 

imag-o,  inis,  f.,  likeness,  semblance, 
image ;  statue. 

imitatio,  onis  [imitor],  f.,  a  copy- 
ing, imitation. 

imitor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  imitate. 


198 


VOCABULARY 


immanis,  e,  adj.,  hufie,  imnieiifie. 

immemor,  oris  [in  +  memor],  adj., 
unmindful,  careless. 

immerito  [immeritus,  undeserved], 
adv.,  unjvstly,  undeservedly. 

immineo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  overhang, 
threaten. 

immodicus,  a,  um  [in  +  modus] , 
adj.,  beyond  bounds,  enormous, 
high ;  excessive. 

immunitas,  atis  [in+munus,  hur- 
den\,  L,  freedom  fro)n  public  duties, 
immunity. 

impar,  paris  [in  +  par],  adj.,  un- 
equal. 

impatiens,  entis  [in  + patiens], 
adj.,  impatient;  intolerant,  impetu- 
ous. 

impatientia,  ae  [impatiens],  I., 
impatience. 

impello,  see  pello. 

imperator,  oris  [impero],  m.,  com- 
mander-in-chief, general,  emperor. 

imperium,  i  [impero] ,  n.,  command, 
control,  government,  military  au- 
thority ;  sovereignty,  empire. 

impero,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  rale,  com- 
mand;  order,  levy  ;  to  be  emperor. 

impetro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  procure, 
gain;  accomplish,  bring  to  pass; 
succeed. 

impetus,  us  [in  +  peto],  m.,  a)i. 
attack;  violpuce,  vehemence. 

impleo,  see  *ple6. 

impono,  see  pono. 

improbo,  are,  avi,  atus  [iraprobus], 
to  disprove,  blani",  censure  ;  reject. 

improbus,  a,  um  [in  +  probus,  up- 
right], adj.,  wicked,  outrageous. 

improsper,  spera,  sperum  [in  -|- 
prosperus,  fortunate],  adj.,  un- 
fortunate, u  np  rospero  us . 

impradens,  entis  [in  +  prQdens, 
foreseeing],  adj.,  not  foreseeing, 
imprudent,  off'  guard. 


impudice  [impudicus,  shameless], 
adv.,  unchastely. 

impulsor,  oris  [impello],  m,,  one 
rvho  incites,  instigator. 

in,  prep,  with  ace,  of  place,  into,  to, 
on,  upon,  towards,  again.st ;  of  pur- 
pose, for,  with  a  viev)  to ;  of  other 
relations,  respecting,  according  to ; 
in  dies,  day  by  day ;  with  abl.^  of 
place,  in,  on,  upon,  in  the  midst  of, 
a)nong;  of  time,  in,Hn  the  course 
of,  during ;  of  other  relations,  in 
the  midst  of,  in  the  case  of,  respect- 
ing, according  to. 

incedo,  see  cedo. 

incendo,  ere,  cendi,  census  [in  -f 
candeo,  to  shine],  to  set  on  frc, 
burn;  excite. 

incido,  see  cado. 

incivilis,  e  [in  +  civilis],  adj.,  rude, 
uncivil. 

inclutus,  a,  um,  adj.,  famous. 

incognitus,  a,  um  [in  +  cognosco], 
adj.,  unknown. 

incolo,  see  colo. 

incolumis,  e,  adj.,  safe,  unharmed . 

incommodus,  a,  um  [in  +  com- 
modus],adj.,  inconvenient,  unsuit- 
able, unfit. 

inconsulte  [inconsultus,  not  asked], 
adv.,  unadvisedly,  inconsiderately. 

incrementum,  i  [incresco,  to  in- 
crease], n.,  growth,  increase. 

inde,  adv., /rom  that  place,  thence; 
next,  then, 

Indi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  people  of 
India. 

India,  ae,  f.,  India,  modern  Hindu- 
stan. 

indico,  see  dico. 

indig-eo,  ere,  ui,  —  [in  +  egeo],  to 
bp  poor,  to  hare  need  of,  want. 

indiscretus,  a,  um  [in  +  discerns, 
to  distinguish],  adj.,  undistinguish- 
able ;  without  diMinction  of  rank. 


VOCABULARY 


199 


indo,  see  do. 

indoles,  is,  f.,  nature,  disposition. 

induce,  see  duco. 

indulges,  ere,  dulsi,  dultus,  to  he 
complaisant ;  be  kind,  be  tender; 
yield,  grant,  spare ;  bestow,  confer. 

industria,  ae,  f.,  industry,  diligence  ; 
abilitf/. 

indutiae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  truce,  anni.'i- 
ticf^. 

iners,  ertis  [in+  ars],  adj.,  unskill- 
ful, idle,  ejf'emi/iate. 

infamis,  e  [in  +  fama],  adj.,  m/«- 
nious. 

infantia,  ae  [in  +  for,  to  speak],  f., 
iiifanctf. 

infelicitas,  atis  [infelis,  unfortu- 
nate], f.,  ill-luck,  misfortune. 

inferior,  ius  (comp.  of  inferus), 
adj.,  loioer,  inferior. 

infero,  see  fero. 

infesto,  are,  — ,  —  [infestus,  hos- 
tile], to  attack,  molest,  infest. 

infidus,  a,  um  [in  -f-  fidus],  adj.,  not 
to  be  trusted,  fait /dess,  treacherous, 
false. 

infinitus,  a,  um  [in  +  finio],  adj., 
unbounded,  vast,  enormous;  num- 
berless; as  subst.,  infinitum,  i,  n., 
a  large  amount,  a  large  number. 

infringo,  see  frango. 

ingenium,  i,  n.,  disposition,  ability, 
nature,  wit. 

ingens,  entis,  adj.,  ^«r^e,  huge, great. 

Ingenuus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 
Tyrants :  defeated  and  slain  l)y 
(iallienus. 

ingluvies,  — ,  ace.  em,  abl.  e,  f.,  the 
crop,  maw ;  gluttony. 

ingravesco,  ere,  — , — ,  to  be  burden- 
some, be  wearied;  increase,  grow 
loorse. 

ingredior,  see  *gradior. 

ingruo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  break  in ;  as- 
sault in  force. 


inhonorus,  a,  um,  adj.,  unsightly. 

inimicitia,  ae,  [inimicus,  un- 
friendly], f.,  enmity. 

initium,  i  [ineo],  u.,  a  beginning. 

iniucundus,  a,  um  [in  +  iucun- 
dus],  adj.,  unpleasant,  disagree- 
able. 

iniuria,  ae  [in  +  ius],  f.,  wrong,  in- 
justice, violence,  injury. 

iniuste  [iniustus],  adv.,  unjustly. 

iniustus,  a,  um  [in  +  iustus],  adj., 
unjust. 

innoxius,  a,  um,  adj.,  harmless  ;  not 
guilty,  blameless,  innocent. 

innumerus,  a,  um  [in  +  numerus], 
adj.,  countless. 

inopia,  ae  [inops,  needy],  f.,  icant, 
scarcity ,  poverty . 

inquino,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  stain,  de- 
file;  dishonor. 

inritus,  a,  um  [in  +  ratus],  adj.,  un- 
decided, unsettled ;  void,  of  no  eject. 

inrumpo,  see  rumpo. 

insatiabilis,  e  [in  +  satur,  full], 
adj.,  unsating,  not  cloying. 

insectator,  oris,  ni.,  a  persecutor. 

insequor,  see  sequor. 

insero,  see  sero. 

insidiae,  arum  [insideo,  to  sit 
upon],  pi.  f.,  ambush  ;  treachery. 

insigne,  is  [insignis],  n.,  a  sign, 
badge,  ornament. 

insignis,  e  [in  +  signum],  adj.,  re- 
markable, distinguished. 

insigniter  [insignis],  adv.,  remark- 
ably ,  e.i-.traordina rily . 

insole^is,  entis  [in  +  soleo],  adj., 
unusual;  haughty,  insolent. 

insolentia,  ae  [insolens],  f.,  unusu- 
alness;  haughtiness,  arrogance,  in- 
solence. 

insolentius  (comp.  of  insolenter), 
adv.,  too  hanghtVy.  insolently. 

instituo,  .see  *statu6. 

insto,  see  sto. 


200 


VOCABULARY 


instrumentum, i  [instruo],  u.,  tool; 
collectively,  stock  of  tools,  plant. 

instruo,  ere,  struxi,  structus  [in  + 
struo,  to  pile  vp],  to  build;  ar- 
range, draw  up  or  array  (troops) ; 
make  ready,  equip,  fit  out. 

insula,  ae,  f.,  an  island. 

insulse  [insulsus,  loithout  taste'], 
adv.,  tastelessly,  insipidly;  fool- 
ishly, absurdly. 

insum,  see  sum. 

integer,  gra,  grum  [in  +  root  tag 
in  tango],  adj.,  untouched,  new; 
full,  entire,  vigorous. 

inter,  prep,  with  ace,  of  place,  be- 
tiveen,  among ;  of  time,  during. 

Interamna,  ae,  f,,  a  town  in  Umbria. 

intercede,  see  cedo. 

interea  [inter  +  is],  adv.,  in  the 
meantime,  meanwhile. 

intereo,  see  eo. 

interfector,  oris  [interflcio],  m.,  a 
slayer,  murderer. 

interflcio,  see  faci5. 

interim,  adv.,  meanwhile. 

interim©,  see  emo. 

intericio,  see  *iacio. 

interior,  ius  [inter],  adj.,  comp.,  no 
positive,  sup.  intimus;  inner,  in- 
terior. 

intermitto,  see  mitto. 

internecio,  onis  [interneco,  to  de- 
stroy], f.,  slaughter,  utter  ruin. 

intersum,  see  sum. 

intervenio,  see  venio. 

intolerabilis,  e  [in  +  tolerabilis, 
supportable],  adj.,  unendurable. 

intra,  adv.  and  prep,  witli  ace,  inside 
of,  within,  during. 

intro,  are,  avi,  atus  [intro,  within], 
to  enter. 

intueor,  see  tueor. 

inultus,  a,  um  [in  +  ulciscor,  to 
avenge],  adj.,  without  satisfaction, 
unavenged,  unpunished. 


inusitatus,  a,  um  [in  +  usitatus, 
usual],  adj.,  unusual,  unfamiliar, 
novel. 

invado,  see  *vado. 

inveho,  see  veho. 

invenio,  see  venio. 

invicem  [in  +  vicem],  adv.,  by 
turns,  in  turn,  one  after  another, 
alternately. 

invictus,  a,  um  [in  +  vinc6],  adj., 
unconquerable,  invincible. 

invideS,  see  video. 

invidia,  ae  [invideo],  f.,  envy,  ill- 
vnll. 

invisus,  a,  um  [invideo],  a,d}.,  hate- 
ful, hostile,  troublesome. 

invito,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  invite,  sum- 
mon. 

in  Vitus,  a,  um,  adj.,  umoilling. 

invius,  a,  um  [in  +  via],  adj.,  im- 
passible. 

lovianus,  i,  m.,  (Flavins  Claudius) 
lovidnus,   Roman  emperor  363-364 

A.D. 

ipse,  a,  um,  intensive  pron.,  himself, 
herself,  itself,  themselves ;  often  best 
rendered  by  very,  mere,  in  person, 
even,  actually. 

ira,  ae,  f.,  anger,  passion. 

iracundia,  ae  [iracundus,  irasci- 
ble], f.,  a  prone ness  to  anger, 
hasty  temper;  anger,  wrath,  pas- 
sion. 

iratus,  a,  um  [irascor,  to  be  angry] , 
adj.,  angry. 

is,  ea,  id,  dem.  pron.,  this,  that;  he, 
she,  it ;  such. 

Isauri,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Isauria. 

Isauria,  ae,  f.,  a  country  of  Asia 
Minor. 

Isauricus,  i,  adj.,  Isaurian,  a  sur- 
name of  P  Servilius  (Vatia),  who 
conquered  the  Isaurians. 

isium,  i,  n.,  the  temple  of  Isis. 


VOCABULARY 


201 


ita  [is] ,  adv.,  in  this  way,  so,  thus ; 
as  follows,  in  such  a  loay  ;  accord- 
ingly, and  so. 

ftalica,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Spain. 

italicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Italian. 

itaque  [ita  +  que],  adv.,  and  so, 
therefore,  consequently. 

item,  adv.,  likewise,  just  so,  also, 
moreover. 

iter,  itineris  [eo],  n.,  a  journey, 
march;  road,  highway. 

iterum,  adv.,  again,  once  more,  for 
the  second  time. 

Itiiraei,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Ituraea,  a  district  in  Coele- 
syria. 

luba,  ae,  m., 

1.  King  of  Nuraidia,  defeated  by 
Caesar  in  the  battle  of  Thapsus,  46 

B.C. 

2.  King  of  Mauretania. 

iubeo,  ere,  iussi,  iussus,  to  order, 
command. 

iucundus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pleasant; 
pleasing,  joyful,  dear. 

IQdaea,  ae,  f .,  Judea,  a  part  of  Pales- 
tine. 

ludaei,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Jews. 

iudex,  icis,  [ias  +  dico] ,  m.,  a  judge. 

iudico,  are,  &vi,  atus  [iudex],  to 
judge,  think,  be  of  the  opinion; 
pronounce. 

iugerum,  i  [iungo],  n.,  a  measure  of 
land,  somewhat  more  than  half  an 
acre. 

iugis,  e  [iungo],  adj.,  joined  to- 
gether. 

iugul6,  are,  avi,  atus  [iugulum, 
neck"],  to  cut  the  throat,  kill,  slay, 
murder. 

iugum,  i  [iungo],  n.,  a  yoke;  ridge. 

lugurtha,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Numidia. 
See  Notes,  p.  135. 

lugurthinus,  a,  um,  a.d]., pertaining 
to  lugurtha. 


lulia,  ae,  f.,  luHa  Maesa,  wife  of  Ca- 

racalla. 
lulianus,  i,  m., 

1.  {Flavins  Claudius)  lulianus, 
Roman  emperor  3G1-363  a.d. 

2.  Salvias  lulianus,  an  eminent 
Roman  jurist. 

3.  Salvius  lulianus,  Roman  em- 
peror from  March  28  to  June  1,  193 

A.D. 

lulius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Caesar  Libo. 

iungo,  ere,  iunxi,  ianctus,  to  join 
together,  unite,  bind,  fasten-,  yoke. 
ad—  adiungo,  ere,  iunxi,  iunc- 
tus,  to  join  to,  fasten  to,  add. 

con  — coniungo,  ere,  Iunxi, 
iunctus,  to  fasten  together,  con- 
nect, form  by  associating. 

iunior,  see  iuvenis. 

lunius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.  See  Brutus,  PuUus,  Si- 
lanus. 

luppiter,  lovis,  m,,  the  chief  god  of 
the  Latins.  He  was  originally  a 
personification  of  the  sky,  and  had 
control  of  the  thunder,  lightning, 
rain,  and  storms. 

idro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  take  an  oath, 
sioear. 

con  — conitiro,  are,  avi, atus,  to 
take  an  oath  together,  conspire,  plot. 

ias,  iuris,  n.,  right,  justice,  authority; 
court. 

(iussus,  us)  [iubeo],  m.,  only  in  the 
abl.  sing,  iussu,  by  order  of,  com- 
mand. 

iustus,  a,  um  [ius],  did].,  just,  fair , 
proper,  fitting ,  regular. 

iuvenilis,  e  [iuvenis],  adj.,  youthful. 

iuvenis, e,adj.,comp. iunior;  young. 

iuvo,  are,  iuvi,  iatus,  to  help,  aid. 

iuxta,  adv.  and  prep,  with  ace,  near. 

luventius,  i,  m.,  P.  (M\)  luventius 
{Thalma),  praetor  1G7  b.c. 


202 


VOCABULARY 


Kal.  =  Kalendae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  tlce 
Kalends,  the  tirst  day  of  the  month. 

Karthaginiensis,  e,  adj.,  Cartha- 
cflidan;  as  subst.,  Karthaginien- 
ses,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  Carthaginians. 

Karthago,  inis,  f., 

1.  Carthage,  a  city  founded  by  the 
Phoenicians  on  the  northern  coast 
of  Africa ;  destroyed  by  the  Romans 
14(5  B.C. 

2.  Karthugo  Nova,  a  city  founded 
by  the  Carthaginians  on  the  eastern 
coast  of  Spain. 


L.,  abbreviation  of   the    praenomen 

Lucius, 
L.  =  50. 

labor,    oris,    m.,    labor,    toil;    mis- 
fortune. 
laborlosus,  a,  um  [labor],  adj.,/«Z/ 

of  labor,  laborious,  toilsome;  weari- 

so)ne,  Oitficult. 
laboro,  are,  avi,  at  us  [labor],  to 

toil,    strire ;     be    in    distress ;    be 

troubled. 
Lacedaemonii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the 

Lacedaemonians,  the  inhabitants  of 

Lacedaemon  or  Sparta, 
lacrima,  ae,  f.,  a  tear. 
lacrimabilis,  e  [lacrlmo,  to  weep], 

adj.,  lamentable. 
laedo,  ere,  laesi,  laesus,  to  hart, 

injure. 
Laelianus,  i,  ni.,  one  of  the  Thirty 

Tyrants ;  emperor  in  Gaul  after  the 

death  of  Postumus. 
Laelius,  i,  m.,  C.  Laelius,  consul  190 

B.C. 

laetitla,  ae  [laetuB,  joyful],  {.,  joy, 
rejoicing. 

laetor,  ari,  atuB  sum  [laetus,  joy- 
ful], to  rejoice,  be  joyful,  be  glad. 


Laevinus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a 
Roman  family. 

1.  L.  Valerius  {Laevinus),  consul 
206  B.C. 

2.  M.   Valerius  Laevinus,  consul 
210  B.C. 

3.  P.   Valerius  Laevinus,  consul 
280  B.C. 

laevus,  a,  um,  adj.,  left;  as  subst.,' 
laeva,  ae,  f .,  the  left ;  in  laeva,  on 
the  left  side. 

Lamponius,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 
Marian  party  in  the  Civil  war  be- 
tween Marias  and  Sulla. 

languor,  oris,  ra.,  faintness,  feeble- 
ness, wearin.ess. 

Larcius,  i,  ^i.,  T.  Larcius  (Flavus), 
the  lirst  dictator,  501  B.C. 

largior,  iri,  itus  sum,  to  give  freely, 
distribute ;  bribe. 

largitio,  onis  [largior],  L,  liberal- 
ity, bribery. 

lascivia,  ae  [lascivus,  si>07'tive],  {., 
jollity. 

late  [latus,  broad],  adv.,  broadly, 
widely;  on  all  sides,  far  and 
loide. 

lateo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  lie  hid,  escape 
notice. 

Latine,  adv.,  in  Latin. 

Latinus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Latin, pertain- 
ing to  Latium;  as  subst.,  Latini, 
orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Latins. 

latro,  onis,  m.,  a  robber,  brigand. 

latrocinor,  ari,  —  [latro],  to  be  a 
robber,  commit  piracy. 

latus,  eris,  n.,  a  side ;  flank. 

laudo,  are,  avi,  atus  [laus],  to 
praise,  commend. 

laurea,  ae,  f.,  the  laurel  tree. 

laus,  laudis,  i.,  praise,  fame,  glory; 
ability,  merit. 

lavacrum,  i  [lavo],  n.,  bath. 

lavo,  are,  lavi,  lautus,  to  ivash, 
bathe. 


VOCABULARY 


203 


laxo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  loose,  spread 

out,  relax. 
lecticula,     ae     [dim.     of     lectica, 

conch],  L,  a  litter;   bier. 
lectio,  onis  [lego],  f.,  a  reading. 
legatiS,  onis  [lego],  f.,  an  embassy. 
legatus,  i  [lego],  m,,  an  ambassador, 

legate;  lieutenant,  deputy. 
iegio,  onis  [lego],  f.,  a  legion. 
lego,  ere,  legi,  lectus,  to  gather, 

colled  ;  select,  appoint,  choose  ;  read. 
con  — conlego,  ere,  legi,  lec- 
tus, to  collect,  gather;  obtain,  get, 

acquire. 
dls  — diligo,  ere,  lexi,  lectus, 

to  single  out,  esteem,  love,  prize. 
ex  — eligo,  ere,  legi,  lectus,  to 

pick  out,  choose,  select. 
lenitas,  atis  [lenis,  soft],  f .,  softness, 

smoothness,  gentleness,  mildness. 
leniter    [lenis,    soft],    adv.,    softly, 

mildly,  lightly. 
Lentulus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

family. 

1.  (L.)  Cornelius  Lentulus,  conan] 
275  B.C. 

2.  L.  Cornelius  Lentulus,  consul 
237  B.C. 

3.  P.  Cornelius  Lentulus,  consul 

71  B.C. 

leo,  onis,  m.,  lion. 

Lepidus,  i,  m.,  M.  Aemilivs  Lepidus, 
a  member  of  the  Second  Triumvi- 
rate, consul  46  B.C. 

Leptis,  is,  f  ,  a  Phoenician  colony  in 
the  northern  part  of  Africa. 

levis,  e,  adj.,  light,  trivial,  easy. 

lex,  legis,  f.,  a  law,  decree. 

libenter  [libens,  glad],  adv.,  gladly, 
cheerfully. 

liber,  era,  erum,  adj.,  free;  as 
subst.,  liberi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  chil- 
dren. 

liberalis,  e  [liber],  adj., //-ee-ftom, 
7ioble ;  liberal,  generous. 


liberalitas,  atis  [liberalis],  f.,  gen- 
erosity, kindness ;  a  gift. 

libero,  are,  avi,  atus  [liber],  to  set 
free,  release. 

libertas,  atis  [liber],  f.,  freedom. 

libertinus,  i  [libertus],  adj.  used 
as  subst.,  m.,  a  manumitted  slave, 
freedman. 

libertus,  i  [liber],  m.,  a  freedman. 

libido,  inis  [libet,  it  pleases],  f., 
pleasure;  lust,  wantonness, passion. 

Libo,  onis,  m.,  L.  Ifdius  Libo,  consul 
2()7  B.C. 

libra,  ae,  f.,  a  pair  of  scales ;  a  pound. 

Liburnus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or  belong- 
ing to  the  Liburnians,  an  Illyrian  peo- 
ple living  between  Histria  and  Dal- 
matia ;  naves  Liburnae,  light  gal- 
leys built  after  a  model  used  by  them. 

Libya,  ae,  f.,  the  northern  part  of 
Africa,  west  of  Egypt. 

Libyssa,  ae,  f.,  a  city  of  Bithynia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

licet,  licere,  licuit  or  licitum  est, 
impers.,  it  is  alloioed ,  permitted . 

Licinius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens. 

1.  C.  Fabius  Licinius,  consul  273 

B.C. 

2.  (P.   Flavins)  Licinius,  Roman 
emperor  307-324  a.d. 

See  Crassus,  Lucullus,  Vale- 

rianus. 
Ligures,  um,  pi.  m.,  the   people  of 

lAguria,  a  district  on   the  western 

coast  of  Italy. 
Lilybaeum,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  western 

Sicily. 
Lingones,  um,  Gr.  ace.  Llngonas, 

pi.  m.,  a  Celtic  people  of  Gaul, 
lis,  litis,  f.,  a  strife,  dispute,  quarrel ; 

a  suit,  action. 
littera,  ae,  f.,  a  letter  (of  the  alpha- 
bet) ;  ^\.,ioriting,  literature,  letters ; 

a  letter. 


204 


VOCABULARY 


litus,  oris,  n.,  a  shore  beach. 

Livius,  i,  in.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Salinator. 

loco,  are,  avi,  atus  [locus],  to  place. 

con— conloco,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  place,  arrange,  station,  establish. 

locupletator,  oris  [locupleto,  to 
enrich],  m.,  an  enricher. 

locus,  i,  pi.  loci  and  loca,  m.,  a  place, 
spot ;  room ;  position,  rank,  condi- 
tion. 

Lollius,  i,  m.,  M.  Lollius,  consul  21 

B.C. 

longe  [longus],  adv.,  at  a  distance, 

far,  by  far. 
Longinus,  i,  m., 

1.  C.  Cassius    Longinus,    consul 
124  B.C. 

2.  C.    Cassius   {Longinus),   mur- 
derer of  Caesar. 

longus,  a,  um,  adj.,  long,  tall;  dis- 
tant; tedious. 

lorica,  ae  [lorum,  a  strap],  f.,  a 
corselet  of  leather,  a  coat  of  mail. 

Lorium,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  Etruria. 

Lucani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Lucania. 

Lucania,  ae,  f.,  a  district  in  southern 
Italy. 

Liucretia,ae,f.,thewifeofCollatinus. 

Lucretius,  i,  ra.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Tricipitinus. 

luctus,  us  [luffeo],  m.,  grief,  sor- 
row, mourning. 

Lucullus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
family. 

1.  L.  Licinius  Lucullus,  consul  74 

B.C. 

2.  M.  Licinius  Lucullus,  brother 
of(l). 

Iticus,  i,  m.,  a  sacred  grove,  grove. 
Indus,  i,  m.,  play,    game;  place  of 

training,  school. 
Lugdunum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Gaul,  now 

Lyons. 


lugeo,  ere,  luxi,  luctus,  to  mourn, 
bzwail. 

Lusitani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Lusitdnia. 

Lusitania,  ae,  f.,  a  province  in  the 
southwest  of  Spain. 

Lutatius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Catulus. 

luxuria,  ae,  [luxus,  excess],  f.,  lux- 
ury, extravagance. 

Lycia,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
Minor. 

M. 

M.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Marcus. 

M'.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Manius. 

Macedo,  onis,  m.,  a  Macedonian. 

Macedonia,  ae,  f.,  an  extensive  coun- 
try north  of  Greece,  between  Thes- 
saly  and  Thrace. 

Macedonicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Mace- 
donian ;  a  surname  of  Q.  Caecilius 
Metellus,who  conquered  Macedonia ; 
also  of  L.  Aemilius  Paulus. 

machinor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  contrive 
skillfully,  devise,  scheme,  plot. 

Macrinus,  i,  m.,  (3/.)  Opilius  Macri- 
nus,  Roman  emperor  217-218  a.d. 

Madena,  ae,  f.,  a  part  of  Armenia. 

Maedi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
Thrace. 

maeror,  oris,  m.,  mourning,  sad- 
ness, grief,  sorrow,  lamentation. 

mag-is,  adv.,  comp.,  more,  rather; 
eo  magis,  all  the  more;  sup., 
maxime,  greatly,  chiefly,  exceed- 
ingly. 

magister,  tri,  m.,  a  master,  ruler, 
teacher;  magister  equitum,  mas- 
ter of  the  horse,  aid-de-camp  of  the 
dictator. 

Magnentianus,  a  um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  or  pertaining  to  Magnentius. 


VOCABULARY 


205 


Magnentius,  i,  m.,  Roman  emperor, 
350-353  A. D. 

Mag-nesia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  of  Asia 
Minor  near  Mount  Sipylus  in  Lydia. 

magniflcentissinae  [mag-niflcus] , 
adv.,  sup.  of  magniflce  ;  splendidly, 
very  magnificently . 

magnificus,  a,  um  [magnus  + 
facio],  adj.,  sup.  magniflcentis- 
simus ;  splendid,  magnificent,noble. 

magnitudo,  inis  [magnus] ,  t., mag- 
nitude, greatness,  size. 

magnus,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  maior, 
sup.  maximus;  great,  large,  abun- 
dant, powerful. 

Mago,  onis,  m.,  tlie  brother  of  Han- 
nibal, captured  by  Scipio  in  Spain. 

maiestas,  atis  [maiorj,  f.,  great- 
ness, grandeur,  dignity,  majesty. 

maior,  see  magnus. 

Mains,  i,  m.,  the  month  of  May;  usu- 
ally as  adj..  Mains,  a,  um,  agree- 
ing with  mensis,  Kalendae,  Nonae, 
idus. 

male  [mains],  adv.,  comp.  peius, 
sup.  pessime ;  badly,  ill,  unhap- 
pily, unsuccessfully. 

malo,  see  volo. 

mains,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  peior, 
sup.  pessimns;  bad,  evil,  hurtful; 
as  subst.,  malum,  i,  n.,  misfortune. 

Mamaea,  ae,  f.,  (lUlia)  Mamaea, 
mother  of  Alexander  Severus. 

Mancinus,  i,  m.,  C.  Hostllius  Mancl- 
nus,  consul  137  B.C. 

mando,  are,  avi,  atus  [manns  + 
do],  to  commission,  command,  send 
word. 

con  — commendo,  are,  avi, 
atus,  to  commend  or  commit  for 
protection,  intrust,  recommend. 

re— remando,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
send  back  word  (very  rare). 

maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansus,  to 
stay,  continue,  abide  by. 


per  —  permaneo,    ere,  mansi, 
mansurus,  to  continue,  remain. 

re  — remaneo,  ere,  mansi,  to 
remain  behind. 
Manilins,  i,  m.,  M.  Manilius,  consul 

149  B.C. 
Manlius,  i,  m., 

1.  A.  Manlius,  consul  241  B.C. 

2.  M.  Manlius,  consul  105  B.C. 
See     Censorinus,    Torquatus, 

Vulso. 
mansuetado,     inis     [mansnetus, 

tame],  f.,  mildness,  gentleness. 
manumitto,    ere,     misi,  .  missus 

[manus-t-mitto],     to     set    free, 

emancipate ;  enfranchise. 
manns,    us,   f.,  hand,   arm;    band, 

troop  ;  force ;  combat ;  manias  con- 

8erere,tojoin  battle ;  dare  manus, 

to  yield. 
Marcellus,    i,    m.,  the    name    of  a 

famous  Roman  family. 

1.  M.  Claudius  Marcellus,  consul 
222  B.C. 

2.  (M.)  Claudius  Marcellus,  con- 
sul ItKi  B.C. 

3.  (M.)  Claudius  Marcellus,  con- 
sul 51  B.C. 

Marcius,  i,  m., 

1 .  A  ncus  Marcius,  the  fourth  king 
of-Rome,  640-616  B.C. 

2.  C.  Marcius,  consul  310  B.C. 

3.  Q.  Marcius,  surnamed    Corio- 
lanus. 

See  Coriolanus. 

Marcomannicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  be- 
longing or  pertaining  to  the  Mar- 
comannl. 

Marcomedi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people 
of  western  Asia. 

Mardi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  powerful, 
warlike  people  that  dwelt  on 
the  southern  shore  of  the  Caspian 
sea 

mare,  is,  n.,  the  sea. 


206 


VOCABULARY 


Margum,  i,  n.,  a  town  iu  Upper 
Moesia. 

Marianus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging  or 
pertaining  to  Marius. 

maritimus,  a,  um  [mare],  adj., 
marine,  maritime,  on  the  seashore. 

maritus,  i  [mas,  male],  m.,  a  hus- 
band. 

Marius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  family 
at  Rome.- 

1.  C.  Marius,  seveu  times  consul, 
leader  of  the  democratic  party  in 
the  Civil  war  between  him  and  Sulla. 
See  Notes,  p.  137. 

2.  C  Marius,  son  of  (1) .  Consul 
82  B.C. 

3.  M.  Aurelius  Marius,  one  of  the 
Thirty  Tyrants. 

Mars,  Martis,  m.,  the  Roman  god  of 
war. 

Marsi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  brave  and 
Avarlike  Sabellian  people,  who  dwelt 
in  the  mountains  of  central  Italy. 

Martius",  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining  to 
Mars. 

Martius,  i,  m.,  the  month  of  March ; 
usually  used  as  an  adj.,  Martius, 
a,  um,  agreeing  with  mensis,  Kal- 
endae,  Nonae,  Idus. 

Masinissa,  ae,  m.,  a  king  of  Nu- 
midia,  an  ally  of  the  Romans. 

Massilia,  ae,  f ,,  a  city  in  Gaul,  modern 
Marseilles. 

mater,  tris,  f  ,  mother. 

maternus,  a,  um  [mater],  -adj.,  of 
a  mother,  mother's ;  maternal,  on 
the  mother's  side. 

matrimonium,  i  [mater],  n.,  mar- 
riage ;  pi.  loives. 

matrona,  ae  [mater],  f.,  a  matron, 
looman. 

Mauretania,  ae,  f.,  a  district  on  the 
northwestern  coast  of  Africa,  em- 
bracing iMirls  of  modern  Morocco 
and  Algiers. 


Maxentius,  i,  m.  {M.  Aurelius  Va- 
lerius) Mdx.entius,  Roman  emperor 
306-312  A.D. 

maxime,  see  mag-is. 

Maximianus,  i,  m., 

1.  Gdlerius  ( Valerius)  Maximia- 
nus, Roman  emperor,  305-311  a.d. 

2.  {M.  Aurelius  Valerius)  Maxi- 
mianus, surnamed  Herculius,  Ro- 
man emperor  28G-305  a.d. 

Maximinus,  i,  ni., 

1.  (C.  laiius  Verus)  Maximinus, 
Roman  emperor  235-238  a.d. 

2.  Gdlerius  (Valerius)  Mdximl- 
nus,  Roman  emperor  305-314  a.d. 

Maximus,  i,  m., 

1 .  Q.  Fahius  Mdximus,  consul  six 
times. 

2.  Q.  Fabius  Mdximus,  defeated 
by  the  Samnites  292  B.C. 

3.  Q.  Fabius  Mdximus  (Cunctd- 
tor),  five  times  consul. 

maximus,  see  magnus. 

Mazaca,  ae,  f .,  a  city  in  Cappadocia, 
later  called  Caesarea  ad  Argaeum 
from  Mount  Argaeus  upon  which  it 
stood. 

medicus,  i  [medeor,  to  heal],  m.,  a 
ph ysician,  su rgeon . 

medie  [medius],  adv.,  in  the  middle, 
modera telti ,  tolerably . 

medietas,  atis  [medius],  f.,  the 
middle,  place  in  the  middle,  midst. 

mediocris,  ere  [medius],  adj.,  com- 
mon, moderate,  mediocre. 

Medioianum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Cisal- 
pine Gaul,  modern  Milan. 

medius,  a,  um,  adj.,  in  the  middle, 
middle,  midst  of;  as  subst.,  me- 
dium, i,  n.,  middle,  midst,  space  be- 
tween. 

melior,  see  bonus. 

melius,  see  bene. 

Memmius,  I,  m.,  L.  Memmius,  con- 
sul 151  B.C. 


VOCABULARY 


207 


memorabilis,  e  [meniopo,  to  bring 
to  mind],  adj.,  ivorth  telling,  re- 
markable. 

memoria,  ae  [memor,  jnindful],  f., 
inemory ;  report,  record,  time,  age. 

mens,  mentis,  f.,  the  mind;  disposi- 
tion ;  reason. 

mensis,  is,  m.,  a  month. 

mentio,  onis,  f.,  mention. 

mentum,  i,  n.,  the  chin. 

mereo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  get,  earn, 
deserve  ;  serve. 

merg-o,  ere,  mersi,  mersus,  to  dip, 
plunge,  sink. 

de  —  demerge,     ere,      mersi, 
mersus,  to  siiik. 

merito  [meritum,  desert],  adv.,  de- 
servedly, justly. 

Mesopotamia,  ae,  f,,  Mesopotamia, 
a  division  of  Asia  between  tlie  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris  rivers. 

Messala.  ae,  m.,  ^f.  (3/'.)  Valerius 
(Messdla),  consul  203  B.C. 

Messenii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Messene,  an  island  in  the 
Tigris  river. 

-met,  an  intensive  enclitic  particle, 
self. 

Metellus,  i,  ni.,  the  name  of  a  promi- 
nent family  at  Rome. 

1.  C.   Caecilius    Metellus,  consul 

113  B.C. 

2.  L.   Caecilius   Metellus,  consul 
251  B.C. 

3.  L.   Caecilius    Metellus,  consul 
123  B.C. 

4.  (Q.  Caeciliu.^)  Metellus  Mace- 
donicus,  consul  143  B.C. 

5.  Q.  Caecilius  Metellus  {Numidi- 
cus),  consul  109  B.C. 

6.  Q.  Caecilius  Metellus  Creticus, 
consul  69  B.C. 

7.  L.  {Caecilius)  Metellus,  carried 
on  war  against  Mithradates. 

8.  M.  {Caecilius)  Metellus. 


metus,  us,  in., /ear,  dread. 

Micipsa,  ae,  m.,  king  of  Numidia, 
the  eldest  of  the  sons  of  Masinissa. 

mig-ro,  are,  avl,  atus,  to  migrate, 
remove. 

miles,  itis,  m.  and  f.,  a  soldier. 

miliarium,  i,  n.,  a  milestone,  mite. 

militaris,  e  [miles],  adj.,  military; 
assubst.,  a  soldier;  res  militaris, 
the  art  of  war,  Tnilitary  operations. 

militia,  ae  [miles],  f.,  military  ser- 
vice. 

milito,  are,  avi,  atus  [miles],  to  be 
a  soldier,  loage  war. 

mille,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  a  thousand; 
as  subst.  with  part,  gen.,  milia,  um, 
pi.  n.,  thousand,  thousands. 

millesimus,  a,  um  [mille],  num. 
adj.,  thousandth. 

minax,  acis  [minor,  to  threaten], 
adj.,  threatening. 

minime,  see  parum. 

minimus,  see  parvus. 

minister,  tri,  m.,  an  attendant,  ser- 
vant. 

minor,  us,  see  parvus. 

Minucius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.     See  Rufus. 

minuo,  ere,  i,  utus  [minus],  <o  make 
small,  diminish,  reduce. 

de  —  deminuo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to 
make  smaller,  lessen,  diminish. 

minus,  adv.,  see  parum. 

mirabilis,  e  [miror],  adj.,  wonderful. 

miror,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  wonder  at, 
be  astonished. 

ad  — admiror,  ari,  atus  sum, 
to  wonder  at,  admire. 

Mithradates,  is,  m.,  surnamed  the 
Great,  king  of  Pontus  120-()3  B.C. 

Mithradaticus,  a,  um,  adj.,  per- 
taining to  Mithradates. 

mitis,  e,  adj.,  mild,  kind, placid. 

mitto,  ere,  misi,  missus,  to  send^ 
dispatch;  throiv,  shoot ;  let  go. 


208 


VOCABULARY 


ab  —  amitto,  ere,  mioi,  missus, 
to  send  awaij,  lose ;  dismiss. 

ad  —  admitto,  ere ,  misi,  missus, 
to  permit,  admit,  give  audience  to. 

con  — committo,  ere,  misi, 
missus,  to  send  or  bring  together, 
join;  intrnst  commit,  bring  about, 
cause,  allow;  pfignam  or  proe- 
lium  committere,  to  begin  battle. 
dis  — dimitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  send  away,  dismiss;  give 
up,  abandon. 

inter  —  intermitto,  ere,  misi, 
missus,  to  send  between,  interi)Ose, 
interrupt;  stop,  cease. 

per  —  permitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  let  pass  ;  permit,  allow. 

praeter  —  praetermitto ,  ere , 
misi,  missus,  to  permit  to  go  brj, 
let  pass,  let  go  ;  omit,  neglect. 

pro  —  promitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  2)ut  forward;  promise, 
assure. 

re  — remitto,  ere,  misi,  mis- 
sus, to  send  back,  relax;  abate. 

moderate  [moderatus],  adv.,  sup. 
moderatissime ;  loith  moderation, 
mode  rate  hj. 

moderatio,  onis  [moderor],  f., 
moderation,  self-control. 

moderator,  oris  [moderor],  m.,  o 
manager,  governor,  director. 

moderatus,  a,  um  [moderor],  adj., 
self -controlled,  temperate,  modest. 

mioderor,  ari,  atus  sum  [modus], 
to  set  bounds  to,  check,  restrict, 
regulate. 

modestia,  ae  [modestus],  f.,  mod- 
eration; shame,  modesty;  sense  of 
honor,  dignity. 

modestus,  a,  um  [modus],  adj., 
keeping  due  measure,  moderate, 
modest,  temperate. 

modicus,  a,  um  [modus],  adj., 
small,  moderate. 


modius,  i  [modus],  m.,  a  measure, 
j)eck. 

modo  [modus],  adv.,  only;  just 
now,  lately  ;  modo  .  .  .  modo,  at 
one  time  .  .  .  at  another,  noio  .  .  . 
noic ;  n5n  modo  .  .  .  sed  etiam, 
not  only  .  .  .  but  also. 

modus,  i,  m.,  measure,  limit,  end; 
icay,  manner. 

Moesia,  ae,  f.,  the  modern  Bulgaria 
and  Servia,  divided  into  Moesia 
Superior  and  Inferior ;  hence  the  pi., 
Moesiae, 

Mogontiacum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Belgic 
Gaul,  modern  Mainz. 

molestus,  a,  um  [moles,  mass], 
adj.,  troublesome,  annoying,  vexa- 
tious. 

molior,  iri,  itus  sum  [moles,  mass], 
to  struggle,  toil ;  undertake,  attempt. 

mollis,  e,  adj.,  gentle,  smooth ;  yield- 
ing. 

moneo,  ere,  ui,  itus,  to  advise,  warn, 
remind. 

monetarius,  i  [moneta,  mint],  m., 
a  minter,  coiner. 

m5ns,  montis,  m.,  a  mountain,  hill, 
height. 

monumentum,  i  [moneo],  n.,  a 
monument,  record;  tomb. 

moratus,  a,  um  [mos],  adj.,  man- 
nered,  of  morals,  constituted;  char- 
acteristic. 

morbus,  i,  m.,  sickness,  disease. 

morior,  mori,  mortuus  sum,  to  die. 

moror,  ari,  atus  sum  [mora,  delay], 
to  delay,  wait. 

mors,  mortis  [morior],  f.,  death. 

mos,  moris,  m.,  a  custom,  habit; 
manner,  fashion;  pi.,  customs, 
character. 

m5tus,  tis  [moved],  ni.,  motion,  dis- 
turbance, revolt. 

moves,  ere,  movi,  mStus,  to  move, 
remove;  injluetice,  excite. 


VOCABULARY 


209 


con— commoveo,  ere,  movi, 
motus,  to  arouse,  disturb,  move, 
influence. 

re  —  removeo,  ere,  movi,  mo- 
tus, to  remove,  put  aside,  dismiss, 
withdraw. 

sub  — submoveo,  ere,  movi, 
motus,  to  drive  off,  dislodge. 

mox,  adv.,  soon,  directly,  then. 

Mucius,  i,  m.,  see  Scaevola. 

muliebris,  e  [mulier,  a  woman], 
adj.,  pertaining  to  a  woman,  woman- 
like. 

multitude,  inis  [mult us],  t.,  a  mul- 
titude. 

multo,  are,  avi,  atus  [multa,  a 
flne],  to  fine,  deprive ;  punish,  con- 
demn. 

multo  [multus],  adv.,  by  far,  much. 

multus,  a,  um,  adj.,  comp.  plus, 
sup.  plurimus;  much,  many  a; 
pi.,  many. 

Mulvius,  a,  um,  adj.,  Mulvian; 
Mulvius  pons,  the  Mulvian  bridge, 
about  two  miles  north  of  Rome. 

Mummius,  i,  ni.,  L.  Mummius,  the 
conqueror  of  Corinth;  consul  146 
n.c. 

Munda,  ae,  f .,  a  Roman  colony  in  the 
south  of  Spain,  where  a  battle  was 
fought  in 45  B.C.  between  Caesar  and 
tlie  Pompeians. 

munio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus  [moenia, 
walls'],  to  fortify,  secure,  guard. 

munus,  eris,  n.,  duty,  service;  pres- 
ent, gift. 

Murena,  ae,  m.,  L.  (Licinius)  Mu- 
rena,  consul  62  B.C. 

murrinus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  or  belong- 
ing to  the  stone  murra,  murine. 

Mursa,  ae,  f.,  a  town  in  Pannonia. 

murus,  i,  m.,  a  wall. 

Mus,  Muris,  m.,(P.)  DeciusMUs, con- 
sul 279  B.C. 

muto,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  change. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS 14 


N. 

Nabis,  idis,  m.,  tyrant  of  Sparta. 

nactus,  see  nanciscor. 

nam,  con].,  for,  but. 

nanciscor,  i,  nactus  sum,  to  get, 
obtain. 

Narbo,  onis,  m.,  a  city  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  Gaul. 

narratio,  onis  [narro,  to  tell],  f.,  a 
relating,  narrative. 

Narseus,  i,  m.,  king  of  Persia,  294- 
303  A.D. 

Nasica,  see  Scipio. 

nascor,  i,  natus  sum,  to  be  born; 
spring  from,  arise. 

natio,  onis  [nascor],  f.,  nation,  tribe, 
people. 

natura,  ae  [natus],  t., nature,  dis- 
positio7i ;  situation. 

natus,  a,  um  [nascor],  adj.,  lit. 
born ;  with  annos  and  numerals, 
old. 

naufragium,  i  [navis  +  frango], 
n.,  shipwreck,  ruin. 

navalis,  e  [navis],  adj.,  naval. 

navigatio,  onis  [navigo],  f.,  a  voy- 
age ;  navigation. 

navig-o,  are,  avi,  atus  [navis + 
ago],  to  sail,  navigate. 

navis,  is,  f.,  ship,  vessel;  navis 
long-a,  war  ship,  galley ;  navis 
oneraria,  transport. 

ne,  ],  adv.,  not;  ne  .  .  .  quidem, 
not  even,  not  at  all;  2,  conj.,  in 
order  that  not,  lest,  not  to,  for  fear 
that. 

ne,  enclitic  interrog.  particle,  used 
(1)  in  direct  questions,  and  then 
translatable  only  by  the  inflection 
of  the  voice;  (2),  as  conj.  with  in- 
direct questions,  whether. 

nee,  see  neque. 

necessarius,  a,  um  [necesse,  neces- 
sary], adj.,  necessary,  indispensa- 


210 


VOCABULARY 


ble ;  as  subst.,  an  intimate  friend, 
relative. 

necessitudo,  inis  [necesse,  neces- 
sary], f.,  friendship,  intimacy. 

neg-ligenter  [neglegens,  heedless'], 
adv.,  heedlessly,  carelessly,  negli- 
gently. 

nego,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  say  no,  deny, 
refuse. 

negotimn,  i  [nee  +  otium],  n.,  busi- 
ness ;  toil,  labor,  trouble. 

nemo,  inis  [ne  +  homo],  m.  and  f., 
no  one. 

Nepotianus,  i,  m .  {Flavins  Popilius) , 
Nepotidnus,  Roman  emperor  for  28 
days  in  350  a.d. 

nepos,  Otis,  m.,  grandson;  nepheio 
(late);  i^\.,  descendants. 

nequaquam  [ne+quaquam,  any- 
where], adv.,  not  at  all,  by  no 
means. 

neque  or  nee  [ne  +  que],  adv.  and 
conj.,  and  not,  but  not,  nor,  nor  yet ; 
neque  (nee)  .  .  .  neque  (nee), 
neither  .  .  .  nor. 

Nero,  onis,  m., 

1.  Nero  (Claudius  Caesar  DrUsus 
Germdnicus),  Roman  emperor  54- 

68  A.D. 

2.  Appius  Clartdius  Nero,  consul 
207  B.C. 

NerSnianus,  a,  una,  adj.,  belonging 
or  pertaining  to  Nero ;  Neronidnae 
thermae. 

Nerva,  ae,  m.  (3/.  Cocceius),  Nerva, 
Roman  emperor  96-98  a.d. 

neuter,  tra,  trum  [ne  +  uter], 
pron.,  neither  (of  two). 

nex,  neeis,  f., death ;  murder,  slaugh- 
ter. 

Nleonaedenses,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Nicomedia. 

Nieomedia,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city 
of  Bithynia  in  Asia  Minor. 

Nicomedis,  is,  m., 


1.  Surnamed  Epiphanes,  king  of 
Bithynia,  149-91  B.C. 

2.  Surnamed  Philopator,  king  of 
Bithynia,  91-74  B.C. 

Niger,  gri,  m.  (C.)  Pescennius  Niger, 
Roman  emperor  193-194  a.d. 

nihil  [ne  +  hilum,  a  trifle],  n.,  indecl., 
nothing,  not  at  all. 

Nilus,  i,  m.,  the  river  Nile. 

nimietas,  atis  [nimius],  f.,  a  too 
great  number  or  quantity ;  super- 
fluity, excess. 

nimis,  adv.,  too  much,  very,  exces- 
sively. 

nimius,  a,  um  [nimisj,  adj.,  too 
much,  too  great,  excessive. 

nisi  [ne  +  si],  conj.,  if  not,  unless, 
except. 

Nisibis,  is,  f.,  a  city  in  Mesopotamia. 

nitor,  i,  nisus  or  nixus  sum,  to 
strive,  attempt '  rely  upon. 

ad— adnitor,  i,  nisus  or  nixus 
sum,  to  lean  against  or  upon ; 
strive. 

Nobilior,  oris,  m.,  a  celebrated 
Roman  family. 

1.  M.  Fulvius  (Ndbilior),  consul 
189  B.C. 

2.  Ser.  Fulvius  Ndbilior,  consul 
255  B.C. 

nobilis,  e  [noseo],  adj.,  noted,  nota- 
ble ;  renoicned,  noble. 

nSbilitas,  atis  [nobilis],  f.,  renown, 
nobility ;  the  nobles. 

nobiliter  [nobilis],  adv.,  famously, 
excellently ,  splendidly,  nobly. 

noctumus,  a,  um  [noxj,  adj.,  by 
night,  nocturnal. 

N61a,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Campania  in 
Italy. 

n616,  see  vol6. 

nSmen,  inis  [noseo],  n.,  a  name; 
account;  jiretcnsc ;  authority. 

Nomentanus,  a,  um,  ad]., pertain- 
ing to  Nomentum,  a  Sabine  city. 


VOCABULARY 


211 


nomino,  are,  avi,  atus  [nomen], 

to  name,  call,  mention. 
non,  adv.,  not,  no. 
Nonae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  the  Nones,  the 

seventh  of  March,  May,  July,  and 

October,    and   the   fifth    of    other 

months, 
nonag-esimus,  a,  um  [nonag-inta], 

num.  adj.,  ninetieth. 
nonaginta,  indecl.  num.  2iA].,  ninety. 
nonnullus,  a,  una   [non  +  nuUus], 

adj.,  some,  several. 
nonus,  a,  um  [novem],  num.  adj., 

ninth. 
Norbanus,  i,  m.  (C)  Norhdniis,  con- 
sul 83  B.C. 
Noricum,  i,  n.,  a  Roman  province 

south  of  the  Danube, 
nosco,  ere,  novi,  notus,  to  come  to 

know,  become  acquainted  with;  in 

perf.  system,  to  knoio. 
ad  — agnosco,  ere,  gnovi,  g-ni- 

tus,  to  recognize. 
con  —  cognosce,  ere,  cognovi, 

cognitus,  to  learn,  perceive,  under- 
stand. 
re  +  con  —  recognosco,      ere, 

gnovi,  gnitus,  to  recall,  recognize. 
noster,  tra,  trum  [nos],  adj.,  our, 

our  oicn. 
notabilis,   e   [noto,  to  mark'],  adj., 

noteworthy ,  conspicuous,  notable. 
notus,   a,    um    [n6sc5],  adj.,  loell 

known,  familiar. 
novem,  num.  adj.,  nine. 
noverca,  ae,  f.,  stepmother. 
novus,  a,  um,  adj.,/re5A,  new,  young, 

recent;  novae  res,  a  revolution. 
nox,  noctis,  f.,  night. 
nubo,  ere,  nupsi,  nuptus,  to  veil 

one's  self,  marry. 
nudo,  are,  avi,  atus  [nudus],  to 

make  bare,  strip,  expose. 
nudus,  a,  um,  adj.,  naked,  bare. 
nuUus,  a,  um    [ne  +  uUus]    (gen. 


nuUius,  dat.  nuUi),  adj.,  none,  no ; 
as  subst.,  no  one. 

Numa,  ae,  m.,  see  Pompilius. 

Numantia,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Spain. 

Numantini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Numantia. 

numen,  inis  [nuo,  to  nod],  n.,  a 
divinity,  poiver. 

numerosus,  a,  um  [numerus],  adj., 
in  full  numbers,  numerous,  mani- 
fold. 

Numerianus,  i,  m.,  the  younger  of 
the  two  sons  of  the  emperor  Carus. 

numerus,  i,  m.,  number,  account; 
character,  rank. 

Numidae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  Numi- 
dians. 

Numidia,  ae,  f.,  a  country  of  north- 
ern Africa,  west  of  Carthage. 

nummus,  i,  m.,  money;  coin;  ses- 
terce (=4.1  cents). 

numquam  [ne  +  umquam] ,  ad v . , 
never. 

nunc,  adv.,  at  the  present  moment, 
noio. 

nuncupo,  are,  avi,  atus  [nomen 
+  capio],  to  call,  call  by  name. 

nuntio,  are,  avi,  atus  [nuntius], 
to  tell,  announce,  report. 

de— denuntio,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 

announce,  denounce,  order,  threaten. 

pro  —  pro  nuntio,      are,      avi, 

atus,  to  tell,  declare,  recite,  appoint. 

nuntius,  i,  m.,  a  messenger ;  message 

nusquam  [ne  +  usquam] ,  adv.,  no- 
where, in  no  place. 

nuto,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  nod;  loaver, 
be  ready  to  give  way. 


O, 


ob,  prep,  with  ace,  to,  towards;  for 

on  account  of,  by  reason  of. 
obeo,  see  eo. 
obicio,  see  *iaci6. 


212 


VOCABULARY 


obitus,  us  [obeo],  m.,  destruction, 

oboedio,  see  audio.  {death. 

obscene  [obscenus,  ill-omened] , 
adv.,  sup.  obscenissime ;  immod- 
estly, indecently . 

obscenitas,  atis  [obscenus,  ill- 
omened],  f.,  moral  impurity,  foul- 
ness, unchastity,  lewdness,  obscenity. 

obscure  [obscurus],  adv.,  comp. 
obscurius,  sup.  obscurissime ; 
obsciLrely. 

obscurus,  a,  una,  adj.,  dark, obscure; 
ignoble,  mean,  low. 

obsecro,  see  *sacr6. 

obsequor,  see  sequor. 

obses,  Idis  [obsideo],  m.  and  f.,  a 
hostage. 

obsideo,  see  sedeo. 

obsidio,  onis  [obsideS],  f.,  a  siege. 

obtempero,  are,  avi,  atus  [tem- 
pers, to  soften],  to  submit. 

obtineo,  see  teneo. 

obvius,  a,  um  [ob  +  via],  adj.,  in 
the  tvay,  meeting ;  with  esse,  fieri, 
or  venire,  to  meet. 

occasio,  onis  [occido,  to  happen], 
f.,  an  occasion,  opportunity. 

Occidens,  tis  [occido],  m.  (sc.  s51), 
t?ie  setting sun.theWest,  the  Occident. 

occido,  see  caedo. 

occulo,  ere,  cului,  cultus,  to  cover, 
cover  over ;  hide,  conceal. 

occults,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of 
occulo],  to  hide,  conceal;  secrete, 

occultus,  a,  um  [occul5],  adj.,  hid- 
den, secret,  concealed. 

occupo,  are,  avi,  atus  [ob4- 
capio],  to  take  possession  of,  seize, 
hold,  occupy ;  attack,  employ. 

occurro,  see  curro. 

bceanus,  i,  m.,  the  Atlantic  and  its 
divisions  in  contrast  with  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

Octaviana.  ae,  f.,  sister  of  Octavi- 
anus  and  wife  of  M.  Antonius. 


Octavianus,  i,  m.,  see  Caesar,  Au- 
gustus. 

Octavius,  i,  m.,  C.  Octdvius,  consul 
87  B.C. 

octavus,  a,  um  [octo],  num.  adj., 
eighth. 

octing-entesimus,  a,  um  [octin- 
genti],  num.  adj.,  eight  hundredth. 

octingenti,  ae,  a  [octo  +  centum], 
num.  adj.,  eight  hundred. 

octo,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  eight. 

octodecim  [oct5  +  decem] ,  indecl. 
num.  adj.,  eighteen. 

octogesimus,  a,  um  [octoginta], 
num.  adj.,  eightieth. 

octoginta  [octo],  indecl.  num.  adj., 
eighty. 

oculus,  i,  m.,  the  eye. 

Odenathus,  i,  m.,  ruler  of  Palmyra. 
He  checked  the  incursions  of  the 
Persians,  and  was  honored  with  the 
title  of  Augustus  by  Gallienus. 

odeum,  i,  n.,  a  public  building  de- 
signed for  musical  performances, 
odeon. 

odium,  i  [odi,  to  hate],  n.,  hatred, 
aversion. 

odor,  oris,  m.,  odor,  stench. 

Oenomaus,  i,  m . ,  a  leader  of  the  gladi- 
ators who  revolted  with  Spartatnis. 

offensa,  ae,  f.,  disfavor,  offense,  ha- 
tred, enmity. 

offers,  see  ferS. 

officium,  i  [opus  +  faciS],  n.,  ser- 
vice, favor ;  duty,  office. 

Ogulnius,  i,  m.,  Q.  Ogulnius,  consul 
2(59  B.C. 

olim  [ole,  old  form  of  ille],  adv., 
formerly. 

Olympias,  adis,  f.,  an  Olympiad, 
the  space  of  four  years  intervening 
between  the  games  at  Olympus. 
The  period  was  used  in  assigning 
dates,  the  first  Olympiad  beginning 
in  770  B.C. 


VOCABULARY 


213 


Olympus,  i,  m.  a  city  in  Lycia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

omen,  inis,  n.,  a  foreboding,  prog- 
nostication, omen. 

omnino  [omnis],  adv.,  in  all,  alto- 
gether, only,  in  general;  at  all. 

omnis,  e,  adj.,  evenj,  all. 

opera,  ae  [opus],  f.,  work,  pains, 
aid;  operam  dare,  to  attend  to, 
assist,  aid. 

opifex,  ficis  [opus  +  f acio] ,  m., 
roorkman,  artisan. 

opinor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  think,  be- 
lieve. 

oppidum,  i,  n.,  a  walled  toion. 

Oppius,  i,  m.,  see  Sabinus. 

opprimo,  see  premo. 

oppug-natio,  onis  [oppugno],  f., 
an  assault,  attack,  siege. 

oppug-no,  see  pug-no. 

(ops),  opis,  f .,  poiver,  help ;  pi.  opes, 
um,  wealth,  resources. 

optimus,  see  bonus. 

opto,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  hope, 
desire. 

ad  — adopts,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
adopt. 

opulentus,  a,  um  [ops],  adj.,  rich, 
loealthy. 

opus,  operis,  n.,  loork,  business, 
need ;  fortification. 

orator,  oris  [6r6],  m.,  an  orator, 
ambassador. 

orbis,  is,  m.,  circle ;  orbis  terras  or 
terrarum,  the  loorld. 

orbitas,  atis  [orbus,  destitute],  f., 
bereavement,  orphanage. 

Orchades,  um,  pi.  f.,  a  group  of 
islands  north  of  Scotland,  now  Ork- 
ney Islands. 

ordinarius,  a,  um  [ordino],  adj., 
of  order,  usual,  regular,  ordinary. 

ordino,  are,  avi,  atus  [ordo],  to 
arrange,  regulate. 

ordo,  inis,  f.,  an  order,  rank,  row. 


Orestes,  is,  m.,  Cn.  Aufidius  Orestes, 
consul  73  B.C. 

Oriens,  entis  [orior],  m.  (sc.  sol), 
the  rising  sun,  the  East,  the  Orient. 

origo,  inis  [orior],  f.,  an  origin, 
source,  pedigree. 

orior,  iri,  ortus  sum,  to  rise,  begin, 
spring  from. 

oriundus,  a,  um  [orior],  adj.,  de- 
scended, sprung  from,  originating, 
born. 

ornamentum,  i  [orno,  to  fit  ouf], 
n.,  a  preparation ;  decoration,  orna- 
ment, jewel. 

oro,  are,  avi,  atus  [6s,  mouth],  to 
pray,  beg,  entreat. 

ad  — adoro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
supplicate ;  worship,  reverence. 

Orodes,  is,  m.,  a  king  of  the  Parthi- 
ans,  conquered  by  Pompey. 

OS,  ossis,  n.,  a  bone. 

Osdroena,  ae,  f.,  Osroene,  a  district 
in  the  west  of  Mesopotamia. 

Osdroeni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Osdroena. 

ostendo,  see  tendo. 

ostiatim,  adv.,  from  door  to  door, 
from  house  to  house. 

ostium,  i  [OS,  mouth],  m.,  the  mouth 
of  a  river. 

Otacilius,  i,  m.,  (T.)  Otdcilius  Cras- 
sus,  consul  2G3  b.c. 

Otho,  onis,  m.,  (M.  Salvius)  Otho, 
Roman  emperor  from  January  15  to 
April  16,  69  a.d. 

otium,  i,  n,,  leisure;  ease,  idleness ; 
rest,  peace. 

ovo,  are,  — ,  — ,  to  exult,  rejoice ;  re- 
ceive an  ovation,  triumph, 

P. 

P.,  abbreviation  of   the    praenomen 

Publius. 
paco,  are,  avi,  atus  [pax] ,  topacify, 

make  peaceful. 


214 


VOCABULARY 


Pacorus,  i,  m.,  pon  of  OrodesI.,king 

of  Parthia. 
Paeligni,   Srum,  pi.  m.,  a   Sabine 

people  dwelling  in  central  Italy, 
paene,  adv.,  ali)iosi,  nearhj. 
Palaeopharsalus,   i,  f.,  a   city    in 

Thessaly    where    Caesar    defeated 

Pompey   48    b.c.      It    is   generally 

written  Pharsalus. 
Palaestina,  ae,  f  ,  Palestine. 
palam,  adv.,  openly,  jjublidy. 
Palatinus,  i  (sc.  mons),    adj.,  the 

Palatine  Hill. 
Palatium,  i,  n.,  the  Palatine  Hill; 

the  imperial  palace,  which  was  on 

the  hill, 
pallium,    i,    n.,    a    Grecian    cloak, 

mantle. 
palus,  udis.  f.,  a  marsh,  fen. 
Pamphylia,  ae,  f .,  a  division  of  Asia 

Minor. 
Pannonia,  ae,  f.,  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant provinces  of  Rome,  lying 

between  the  Danube  and  the  Alps. 
Pannonicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  pertaining 

to  Pannonia. 
Pannonii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhab- 
itants of  Pannonia. 
Pansa,  ae,  m.  (C.  Vihius),  Pdnsa, 

consul  43  B.C. 
Panticapaeum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  the 

modern  Crimea. 
Paphlagon,  onis,   m.,  a  Paphlago- 

nian. 
Paphlagonia,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of 

Asia  Minor  on  the  Black  Sea. 
Papirius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Carbo,  Cursor, 
parens,  entis  [pario],  m.  and  f.,  a 

father  or  mother,  parent;  relative 

(late). 
pare5,  ere,  ui,  —  ,  to  appear;  obey, 

serve. 
ad  —  appareS,  ere,  ui,  —  ,  to  be 

come  visible,  appear ;  serve. 


con  —  compares,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to 

appear,  shov:  o)ie's  self. 

*pari6,  ere,  peperi,  partus,  to  give 
birth  to,  bring  forth. 

ab  — aperio,  ire,  ui,  tus,  to  un- 
cover, bare ;  open,  disclose. 

con  —  comperio,  ire,  peri,  per- 
tus,  to  find  out,  learn. 

re  — reperiS,  ire,  repperi,  re- 
pertus,  to  find  (again),  meet  with, 
discover. 

paro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  make  ready, 

prepare ;  resolve,  plan ;  get,  acquire. 

con— compare,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to   make   ready,   prepare ;    obtain, 

procure. 

prae  —  praeparo,  are,  avi, 
atus,  to  make  ready  beforehand, 
provide. 

re  — reparo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
reneiv. 

parricidium,  i  [pater  +  caedo],  n., 
murder  of  a  father,  parricide. 

pars,  partis,  f.,  apart,  number;  dis- 
trict ;  side,  direction ; party, faction. 

Parthenius,  i,  m.,  the  slayer  of 
Domitian. 

Parthenopolis,  is,  f .,  a  city  in  Lower 
Moesia  on  the  Black  Sea. 

Parthi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  Scythian  peo- 
ple southeast  of  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Parthicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging  to 
Parthia,  cognomen  of  Septimius 
Severus. 

Parthomasiris,  is,  m.,  king  of  Ar- 
menia. 

partim  [pars],  adv.,  partly. 

partus,  us  [pario],  m.,  a  bringing 
forth,  delivery,  birth ;  progeny. 

parum,  adv.,  too  little,  not  enough; 
comp.,  minus,  less,  by  no  means, 
not;  sup.,  minime,  least  of  all,  by 
no  means,  not  at  all;  as  a  subst., 
parum,  indecl.  n.,  too  little,  not 
enough. 


VOCABULARY 


215 


parvus,  a,  um,  adj.,  little,  am  all ; 

comp.,     minor,      smaller,      less  ; 

younger   (sc.   natu)  ;    sup.,  mini- 
mus, smallest,  least. 
pasco,  ere,  pavi,  pastus,  to  feed ; 

of  animals,  to  graze,  browse. 
passus,  us  [passus   from  pand.6, 

to    spread],    m.,     a     step,     pace; 

mille  passuum,    pi.   milia  pas- 

suum,  a  Roman  mile  =  4854  Eng- 
lish feet. 
patefacio,  ere,  feci,  f actus  [pateo 

+  faci6],    tof    lay    open,    disclose, 

bring  to  light. 
pateo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  be  open,  extend, 

be  manifest. 
pater,  tris,  m.,  a  father,  ancestor. 
paternus,    a,    um    [pater],    adj., 

fatherly,  of  a  father. 
patior,  pati,  passus  sum,  to  suffer, 

bear,    endure ;   experience ;    alloio, 

permit. 
per— perpetior,  i,  pessus  sum, 

to  endure,  he  patient  under. 
patrla,  ae  [pater],  f.,  fatherland, 

country,  home. 
patrimonium,  i  [pater],  n.,  inhei'it- 

ancp,  patrimony,  property. 
patro,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  carry  out, 

perform,  execute. 
patruelis,  e  [patruus],  adj.,  of  a 

father's  brother,  child  of  a  father's 

brother ;  as  subst.,  a  cousin. 
patruus,  i  [pater] ,  m.,  of  a  father's 

brother,  paternal  uncle. 
paucus,  a,  um,  adj.,/ew,  little. 
paulisper    [paulum,   by    a    little'], 

adv.,  a  short  time. 
paulus,  a,  um,  adj.,  little,  small;  as 

subst.,  paulum,  i,  n.,  a  little,  trifle ; 

abl.,  paulo,  by  a  little. 
Paulus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

family. 
1.  L,  Aemilius    Paulus,   consul 

216  B.C. 


2.  L.  Aemilius  Paidus,  surnamed 
Macedonicus,  consul  168  B.C. 

3.  M.  Aemilius  Paulus,  consul  255 

B.C. 

pauper,  eris,  adj.,  poor. 

pax,  pacis,  i.,  peace. 

pectus,  oris,  n.,  the  breast. 

pecunia,  ae  [pecus,  cattle],  i., 
money. 

pedes,  itis  [pes] ,  m.,  a  foot  soldier, 
infantry. 

pello,  ere,  pepuli,  pulsus,  to  drive 
out  or  away,  expel ;  defeat,  rout. 

ad  — appello,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
call,  address,  name ;  appeal  to ;  ac- 
cuse. 

con— compello,  ere,  puli,  pul- 
sus, to  drive  together,  collect ;  force, 
compel. 

ex — expello,  ere,  puli,  pulsus, 
to  drive  out  or  away,  expel,  dis- 
lodge. 

in— impello,  ere,  puli,  pulsus, 
to  urge  on,  incite,  impel. 

pendeo,  ere,  pependi,  — ,  to  hang, 
be  suspended  ;  rest,  depend. 

penetro,  are,  avi,  atus  [penitus], 
to  enter,  penetrate. 

penitus,  adv.,  inwardly,  within; 
deeply,  completely. 

per,  prep,  with  ace.  (1)  of  place, 
through,  across,  over,  throughout; 
(2)  of  time,  through,  during ;  (3)  of 
means  or  agency,  by  means  of,  by 
the  agency  of,  through. 

percussor,  oris  [percutio],  m.,  a 
slabber,  murderer. 

percutio,  ere,  cussi,  cussus  [per 
-fquatio,  to  shake],  to  thrust 
through,  strike,  kill. 

perdo,  see  do. 

perdomo,  see  domo. 

pereo,  see  eo. 

perferS,  see  ferS. 

perfici5,  see  faciO. 


216 


VOCABULAEY 


perfidia,  ae  [perfidus,  faithless], 
f.,  treachery. 

perfug-a,  ae  [perfug-io,  to  flee  for 
refuge'],  m.,  a  fugitive,  deserter,  ref- 
uge. 

Pergamum,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Mysia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

pergo,  see  rego. 

periculum,  i,  n.,  trial;  danger, peril. 

perimo,  see  emo. 

perinde  [per-j-inde],  adv.,  in  the 
same  manner,  just  as,  equally. 

peritus,  a,  um,  adj.,  skillful,  experi- 
enced, familiar  with. 

permaneo,  see  maneo. 

permitto,  see  mitto. 

permutatio,  onis  [permuto,  to 
change],  f.,  change,  exchange. 

pernicies,  ei  [per  +  nex],  f.,  de- 
struction, ruin. 

perniciose  [perniciosus],  adv.,  dan- 
gerously, destructively . 

perniciosus,  a,  um  [pernicies], 
adj.,  dangerous,  destructive. 

Perperna,  ae,  m.,  {M.)  Perperna, 
consul  130  B.C. 

perpetior,  see  patior. 

perpetuus,  a,  um,  adj.,  continuous, 
uninterrupted;  in  perpetuum, 
forever. 

Persae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  the  Persians. 

persequor,  see  sequor. 

Perseus,  ei,  m.,  the  last  king  of 
Macedonia,  178-168  B.C. 

persevere,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  persist, 
persevere. 

Persis,  idis,  f.,  Persia. 

Pertinax,  acis,  ra.,  (Helvius)  Perti- 
ndx,  Roman  emperor  from  January 
1  to  March  28,  193  a.d. 

Perusia,  ae,  f.,  an  ancient  town  in 
Etruria  in  Italy. 

pervenio,  see  venio. 

pes,  pedis,  ni.,  afoot;  pedem  re- 
ferre,  to  retreat. 


Pescennius,  i,  m.,  see  Niger. 

pestilentia,  ae  [pestis,  plague],  f., 
a  pestilence,  plague. 

peto,  ere,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  to  strive  for, 
seek;  beg,  ask,  request;  assail,  at- 
tack. 

ad  — appeto,  ere,  ivi  (ii),  itus, 
to  strive  for,  reach  after;  assail, 
attack ;  long  for,  desire ;  draw  nigh, 
approach,  he  at  hand. 

re  —  repeto,  ere,  ivi  (ii),  itus, 
to  seek  again,  try  to  get  back,  de- 
mand back ;  recall,  repeat ;  attack. 

Petreius,  i,  m.,  M.  Petreius,  a  par- 
tisan of  Porapey;  fought  against 
Caesar  in  Spain,  Greece,  and  Africa. 

Petronius,  i,  m.,  Petrdnius  Secundus, 
a  partisan  of  Nerva. 

Pharnaces,  is,  m.,  Gr.  ace.  Phar- 
nacen,  the  son  of  Mithradates, 
who  succeeded  his  father  as  king 
of  Pontus. 

Phaselis,  idis,  f.,  a  city  of  Lycia  in 
Asia  Minor. 

Philippi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  city  in 
Macedonia  where  Brutus  and  Cas- 
sius  were  defeated  by  Octavian 
44  B.C. 

Philippus,  i,  m., 

1.  Philip  v.,  king  of  Macedonia 
220-178  B.C. 

2.  {3f.  laiius)  Philippus  I.,  Ro- 
man emperor  244-249  a.d. 

3.  {M.  Itdius)  Philippus  II.,  son 
of  (2). 

4.  L.  Mdrcius  Philippus,  consul 

91  B.C. 

5.  Q.  Mdrcius  Philippus,  consul 
18(5  B.C. 

philosophia,  ae,  t.,  philosophy. 

philosophus,  i,  m.,  a  philosopher. 

Phoenice,  es,  f.,  Phoenicia,  a  coun- 
try of  Syria. 

Phrygia,  ae,  f.,  a  division  of  Asia 
Minor. 


VOCABULARY 


217 


Picentes,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 
of  Picenum. 

Picenum,  i,  u.,  a  division  of  Italy  on 
the  Adriatic  Sea,  north  of  Latium. 

pilum,  i,  n.,  a  heavy  javelin;  pike. 

pingo,  ere,  pinxi,  pictus,  to  paint; 
represent,  delineate,  portray. 

Piraeus,  i,  m.,  the  chief  harbor  of 
Athens. 

pirata,  ae,  m.,  a  pirate. 

piraticus,  a,  um  [pirata],  adj.,  per- 
taining to  pirates, piratical;  Pira- 
ticum  bellum,  loar  against  the 
pirates. 

piscis,  is.  f.,  a  fish. 

piscor,  ari,  atus  sum  [piscis],  to 
fish. 

plus,  a,  um,  adj.,  reverent,  pious. 

places,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  please,  he 
agreeable  to;  seem  best  to;  impers., 
placet,  placuit,  placitum  est,  to 
be  resolved  by. 

dis— displiceo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to 
displease. 

placidus,  a,  um  [placo,  to  soothe], 
adj.,  calm,  quiet,  tranquil. 

Plautius,  i,  m.,  A.  Plautius,  sent  by 
the  emperor  Claudius  in  43  a.d.  to 
subdue  Britain. 

plebs,  plebis,  and  plebes,  ei,  f., 
the  common  people,  popxdace,  ple- 
beians. 

plenus,  a,  um  [pleo],  adj.,/i/^/. 

*pleo,  ere,  plevi,  pletus,  to  fill. 
con  —  compleo,  ere,  plevi,  ple- 
tus,   to  fill    (to  the    brim) ;    com- 
plete. 

ex  —  expleo,  ere,  plevi,  pletus, 
to  fill  up,  fill. 

in  —  impleS,  ere,  plevi,  pletus, 
to  fill  up,  finish. 

plerique,  aeque,  aque,  adj.,  very 
many,  most. 

plerumque,  adv.,  mostly,  generally, 
very  often. 


Plotina,  ae,  f.,  the  wife  of  the  em- 
peror Ti'ajan. 

piarimus,  see  multus. 

Plutarchus,  i,  m.,  a  Greek  philoso- 
pher and  biographer. 

poculum,  i,  n.,  cup. 

poema,  atis,  n.,  a  poem. 

poena,  ae,  f.,  compensation,  punish- 
ment, penalty. 

Poeni,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Carthagini- 
ans. 

Polemo,  onis,  m.,  king  of  Pontus 
39-62  A.D.      / 

Polem5niacus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  Polemo. 

poUiceor,  eri,  itus  sum,  to  promise, 
volunteer. 

pompa,  ae,  f.,  a  procession,  parade, 
pomp. 

Pompeius,  i,  m., 

1.  Cn.  Pompeius,  consul  89  B.C. 

2.  On.  Pompeius,  surnamed  Mag- 
nus, the  triumvir,  consul  70  B.C. 

3.  On.  Pompeius,  son  of  the  tri- 
umvir. 

4.  Q.  Pompeius,  consul  141  b.c. 

5.  Sex.  Pompeius,  younger  son  of 
the  triumvir. 

Pompilius,  i,  m.,  Numa  Pompilius, 
the  second  king  of  Rome,  715-()72  b.c 

pondo  [pondus],  adv.,  by  weight. 

pondus,  eris  [pendo,  to  weigh],  n., 
10  eight. 

pono,  ere,  posui,  positus,  to  put 
down,  place,  set,  deposit;  serve  (at 
meals) ;  spend;  set  up,  build;  pitch. 
ad  —  appono,  ere,  posui,  posi- 
tus, to  put  before,  place  near ;  serve 
(at  table). 

con  —  compono,  ere,  posui, 
positus,  to  arrange,  settle;  con- 
clude, finish. 

de  — depono,  ere,  posui,  posi- 
tus, to  lay  down  or  aside,  put  down; 
stop ;  arrange,  establish. 


218 


VOCABULARY 


dis  —  dispone,  ere,  posui,  posi- 

tus,  to  arrange,  array,  dispose. 
in  —  impono,  ere,  posui,  posi- 

tus,  to  place  or  put  upon  or  in; 

establish. 
prae  —  praepono,  ere,  posui, 

positus,  to  set  over,  put  in  charge  of. 
re  — repono,  ere,  posui,  posi- 
tus, to  put  back,  replace,  restore. 
pons,  pontis,  m.,  a  bridge. 
Ponticus,  a,  um,  nd].,  pertaining  to 

Pontus;    Ponticum    (mare),  the 

Black  Sea. 
pontifex,  ficis,  m.,  priest. 
Pontius,  i,  in.,  see  Telesinus. 
Pontus,  i,  m., 

1.  Pontus  Euxlnus,  the  Black 
Sea. 

2.  A  country  of  Asia  Minor  on  the 
Black  Sea. 

populo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  plunder, 
ravage,  lay  loasfe. 

de  —  depopulor,  ari,  atus  sum, 
to  lay  waste,  ravage,  plunder,  pil- 
lage. 

populus,  i,  m.,  a  people,  nation. 

Porcius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.    See  Cato. 

porro   [pro],  adv.,  forward,  hence- 
forth, furthermore,  again. 

Porsenna,  ae,  m.,  Lars  Porsenna, 
king  of  Clusiura  in  Etruria. 

porta,  ae,  f.,  a  city  gate,  gate. 

*port6,  are,  avi,  atus  [porta],   to 
bear,  carry. 

ex  — exports,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  carry  out,  export. 

re  — report©,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  carry  back,  report. 

porticus,  us,  f.,  a  colonnade,  arcade, 
portico. 

posco,  ere,  poposci,  — ,  to  ask,  de- 
mand. 

possideO,  Sre,  sSdl,  sessus  [sedeS], 
to  occupy,  hold,  possess. 


possum,  posse,  potui,  —  [potis, 
a&/e  +  sum],  to  be  able,  can;  plu- 
rimum  posse,  to  have  great  poioer. 

post,  (1)  adv.,  after,  later,  after- 
wards; (2)  prep,  with  ace,  after, 
behind. 

postea  [post  +  is],  adv.,  after- 
wards. 

posterus,  a,  um  [post],  ad].,folloio- 
ing,  next;  comp.  posterior,  us, 
gen.  oris,  later;  sup.  postremus, 
last,  lowest ;  ad  ■]£>osteru.ia,  finally ; 
as  subst.,  posteri  orum,  pi.  ni., 
descendants,  pjosterity. 

postquam  or  post  .  .  .  quam  [post 
+  quam],  conj.,  after,  when. 

postremo  [posterus],  adv.,  at  last, 
finally. 

Postumius,  i,  m.,  see  Albinus. 

Postumus,  i,  m.,  (M.  Cassidnus) 
Postiimus,  one  of  the  Thirty  Ty- 
rants. 

potens,  entis  [possum],  adj.,  poioer- 
ful. 

potestas,  atis  [possum],  f.,  power, 
might ;  opportunity,  permission ; 
authority,  sovereignty. 

potior,  iri,  itus  sum  [potis,  able], 
to  get  j^os^'es.non,  acquire. 

potius  [comp.  of  potis,  able],  adv., 
sup.  potissimum;  rather,  more, 
sooner. 

prae,  prep,  with  abl.,  before,  in  front 
of,  in  comparison  with. 

praebeo,  see  habeo. 

praecedo,  see  cedo. 

praeceps,  cipitis  [prae  +  caput], 
adj.,  headlong,  hasty;  steep,  pre- 
cipitous. 

praecipio,  see  capio. 

praecipito,  are,  avi,  atus  [prae- 
ceps], to  throw  headlong, cast  down ; 
rush  doion. 

praecipufi  [praecipuus],  adv., 
chiefly,  principally,  especially. 


VOCABULARY 


219 


praecipuus,  a,  um  [praeciplSj, 
adj.,  special,  particular;  eminent, 
prominent. 

praeclarus,  a,  um  [prae  +  clarus], 
adj.,  very  bright  or  brilliant,  excel- 
lent, distinguished. 

praeda,  ae,  f.,  booty,  spoil,  plunder. 

praefectura,  ae,  f .,  the  office  of  over- 
seer, superintendence ;  prae/ecture. 

praefectus,  i,  m.,  overseer,  super in- 
tendent ;  praefect. 

praefero,  .see  fero. 

praeflcio,  see  facio. 

praemium,  i  [prae  +  emo],  n.,  re- 
vnird,  prize. 

Praeneste,  is,  n.,  a  town  in  Latium 
east  of  Rome,  modern  Palestrina. 

Praenestini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Praeneste. 

praeparo,  see  paro, 

praepono,  see  pono. 

praesens,  entis  [praesum],  adj.,a< 
hand,  present. 

praeses,  sidis  [praesideo],  m.,  a 
protector,  guard,  defender;  presi- 
dent. 

praesidium,  i  [praesideo],  n.,  help, 
aid,  defense;  defensive  force,  garri- 
son ;  fort,  station,  post. 

praesto,  see  sto. 

praesum,  see  sum, 

praeter,  prep,  witli  ace,  past,  be- 
yond; contrary  to,  against;  besides, 
except. 

praeterea  [praeter -|- is],  adv.,  in 
addition  to  this,  besides,  moreover. 

praetermitto,  see  mitto.    • 

praetexo,  ere,  ui,  tus  [texo,  to 
weave],  to  provide  with  a  border; 
tog-a  praetexta,  a  (purple)  bor- 
dered toga,  worn  by  magistrates 
and  freeborn  children  till  the  six- 
teenth or  seventeenth  year,  when 
they  became  of  age  and  assumed 
the  toga  virilis,  which  was  wholly 


white;     the    girls   wore   the    toga 
praetexta  until  they  married. 

praetor,  oris  [orig.  praeitor,  from 
prae  +  eo],  m.,  a  leader,  com- 
mander ;  praetor,  magistrate,  judge. 

praetorianus,  a,  um  [praetorium], 
adj.,  belonging  to  the  bodyguard; 
praetorian ;  as  subst.,  praetoriani, 
orum,  pi.  m.,  thepraetoriaiis. 

praetorium,  i,  n.,  the  imperial  body- 
guard. 

praetorius,  a,  um  [praetor],  adj., 
of  or  belonging  to  the  praetor  or 
commander ;  as  subst.,  praetorius, 
i,  m.,  a  man  of  praetorian  rank,  an 
ex-praetor. 

praevenio,  see  venio. 

prandium,  i,  n.,  lunch. 

pravus,  a,  um,  adj.,  crooked,  lorong ; 
joerverse,  wicked. 

*prehendo,  ere,  i,  hensus,  to  grasp. 
de  — deprehendo,  ere,  i,  hen- 
sus, to  seize,  catch ;  siwprise,  de- 
tect, discover. 

re  —  reprehends,  ere,  i,  hen- 
sus, to  hold  back,  check;  blame, 
criticise,  reprove. 

premo,  ere,  pressi,  pressus,  to 
press  ;  press  hard,  crush. 

oh  —  opprimo,  ere,  pressi, 
pressus,  to  crush  utterly,  over- 
poioer,  overwhelm. 

pretium,  i,  n.,  price,  value;  reward, 
money,  ransom. 

prim5  [primus],  adv.,  at  first. 

primum  [primus],  d^dv.,  first. 

primus,  see  prior. 

princeps,  cipis  [primus +  capio], 
adj.,  first,  foremost;  as  subst.  m., 
leading  man,  chief,  leader. 

principatus,  us  [princeps],  m.,  a 
chief  authority  (in  the  state) ;  head- 
ship, leadership ;  reign,  sovereignty. 

principium,  i  [princeps],  n.,  begin- 
ning, ongin. 


220 


VOCABULARY 


prior,  us,  gen.  prioris,  comp.  adj., 
former y  previous,  first,  prior ;  sup. 
primus,  first,  foremost. 

priscus,  a,  um  [prius],  ad].,  former, 
elder;  primitive,  strict. 

Priscus,  i,  m.,  see  Tarquinius. 

pristinus,  a,  um  [prius],  adj.,  for- 
mer, old. 

prius  [prior],  adv.,  before,  sooner, 
previously,  first  of  all. 

privatim  [privatus],  2id\.,  privately, 
as  a  single  individual. 

privatus,  a,  um  [privo,  to  set 
apart],  did].,  private,  individual;  as 
subst.,  privatus,  i,  m.,  a  man  in 
private  life,  a  private  citizen. 

privigna,  ae,  f.,  a  stepdaughter. 

privig-nus,  i,  ni.,  a  stepson. 

pro,  prep,  with  abl.,  in  front  of,  be- 
fore; in  behalf  of;  in  comparison 
with,  in  accordance  with. 

probe  [probus,  estimable],  adv., 
right,  well,  properly,  correctly. 

probrdsus,  a,  um  [probrum],  adj., 
shameful,  ignom,inions,  infamous. 

probrum,  i,  m.,  a  shameful  act,  base 
deed  ;  immodesty,  lewdness ;  insidt, 
reproach. 

Probus,  i,  m.,  {M.  Aurelius)  Probus, 
Roman  emperor  276-282  a.d. 

procedo,  see  cedo. 

proclivus,  a,  um  [pr5  -|-  clivus, 
slope],  adj.,  sloping,  steep;  liable, 
prone ;  subject,  ready. 

proconsul,  is  [pro,  in  place  of  + 
consul],  ra.,  a  proconsul,  governor 
of  a  province. 

proconsulatus,  a,  um  [proconsul], 
adj.,  the  office  of  a  proconsul,  pro- 
consulate. 

procul,  adv.,  at  a  distance,  far  from. 

Proculus,  i,  m.,  a  famous  Roman 
jurist. 

procumbS,  ere,  cubui,  cubitus 
[pro  +  cumbo,  to  lie],  to  lie  down. 


sink,  fall  forward ;  fall,  sink  down, 

be  beaten  down. 
prodo,  see  do. 
produce,  see  duco. 
proelium,  i,  n.,  a  battle,  combat,  en- 
gagement. 
proficiscor,  i,  fectus  sum  [pro  + 

faciscor,  from  faci5],  to  set  out, 

proceed;  spring  from. 
profligo,  see  *flig6. 
prdfluvium,  i,  n.,  a  flowing  forth; 

ventris  profluvium,  diarrhea. 
profugio,  see  fugio. 
progredior,  see  *  gradior. 
promitto,  see  mitto. 
promptus,  a,  um  [promo,  to  set 

forth], fid]., prepared, quick, prompt. 
pronuntio,  see  nuntio. 
pronus,    a,    um,   adj.,   turned  for- 
ward, inclined ;  tendency ;  disposed, 

prone. 
propalam     [pro+palam],     adv., 

openly,  publicly,  manifestly. 
prope,  adv.,  near  by  ;  nearly,  almost. 
propensus,  a,  um,    adj.,   hanging 

down;  inclined,  disposed, prone. 
propior,    us   [prope],    comp.   adj., 

nearer;    sup.  proximus,   nearest, 

next ;  latest,  last ;  next,  following. 
proprius,  a,  um,  adj.,  not  common 

with  others,  own,  special,  individual. 
propter,  prep,  with  ace,  on  account 

of. 
propterea  [propter  +  is],  adv.,  for 

this  reason,  therefore ;  propterea 

quod,  because. 
propugnator,  oris  [propugno,  to 

defend],  m.,  a  defender. 
proscribe,  see  scribo. 
proscriptio,  onis  [proscribo],  f.,  a 

public  notice  of  sale,  jn'o.^cription. 
prosequor,  see  sequor. 
prosper  and  prosperus,  a,  um  [pr6 

+  spes],  adj.,  according   to    one's 

hopes,  favorable,  prosperous. 


VOCABULARY 


221 


prospere  [prosperus],  adv.,  propi- 
tiously, successfully. 

prostituo,  see  *statu6. 

prosum,  see  sum. 

protraho,  see  traho, 

provide  [provideo,  to  provide,  fore- 
see], adv.,  carefully , prudently  (very- 
rare). 

provincia,  ae,  f.,  an  office,  duty; 
province. 

provincialis,  e  [provincia],  adj., 
of  a  province,  provincial ;  as  subst., 
provincialis,  is,  m.,  a  provincial. 

provisio,  Qnis  [provideo,  to  fore- 
see], f.,  a  foreseeing ,  foreknowledge ; 
foresight,  providence. 

provoco,  see  voco. 

proximus,  see  propior. 

prQdentia,  ae  [prudens,  foresee- 
ing], i.,  foresight y practical  wisdom, 
good  sense. 

pruna,  ae,  f .,  a  burning  coal,  live  coal. 

Prusias,  ae,  ra.,  king  of  Bithynia 
228-180  B.C. 

Pseudoperses,  ei,  m,,  a  pretended 
son  of  Perseus. 

Pseudophilippus,  i,  m.,  a  pretended 
son  of  Philip,  king  of  Macedonia. 

Ptolemaeus,  i,  ni.,  a  name  borne  by 
the  kings  of  Egypt  after  the  time  of 
Alexander  the  Great. 

1.  Ptolemaeus  Philadelphus,  285- 
247  B.C. 

2.  Ptolemaeus  JEuergetes,  247-222 

B.C. 

3.  Ptolemaeus    Philometor,    181- 
146  B.C. 

4.  Ptolemaeus  Auletes,  47-43  B.C. 
Ptolemais,  is,  f.,  a  city  in  Libya, 
publice    [publicusj,   adv.,    in    the 

name  of  (by  order  of)  the  state,  pub- 
licly, officially. 
publicus,  a,  um  [orig.  poplicus], 
adj.,  belonging  to  the  people,  public ; 
official. 


Publicola,  ae,  m.,  L.  (P.)  Valerius 
Publicola,  consul  509  B.C. 

pudicitia,  ae  [pudicus],  f.,  mod- 
esty, virtue. 

pudicus,  a,  um  [pudeo,  to  be 
ashamed],  adj.,  modest,  virtuous. 

puer,    pueri,    m.,    a    child;    boy; 


pugna,  ae,  f.,  a  combat,  fight,  battle. 

pugnator,  6ris,  m.,  a  fighter,  com- 
batant. 

pugrno,  are,  avi,  atus  [ptignaj,  to 
fight ;  oppose,  resist. 

ex  — expugno,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  take  by  storm,  capture ;  over- 
power, prevail  upon. 

ob  — oppugno,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  fight  against,  assault,  besiege. 

Pulcher,  chri,  m.,  P.  Claudius  Pul- 
cher,  consul  249  B.C. 

PuUus,  i,  m.,  L.  Imiius  Pullus,  con- 
sul 249  B.C. 

Pulvillus,  i,  m.,  {M.)  Horatius  Pul- 
villus,  consul  500  B.C. 

Punicus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Phoenician, 
Punic;  Carthaginian;  Punicum 
bellum,  Punic  war,  first,  264-241 
B.C.;  second,  218-202  B.C.;  third, 
149-146  B.C. 

punio,  ire,  ivi,  itus  [poena],  to 
punish. 

Pupienus,  i,  m.  {M.  Clodius)  Pupi- 
enus  (Mdximus),  Roman  emperor 
238  A.D. 

purgo,  are,  avi,  atus  [purus  + 
ago],  to  make  clear;  clear  away, 
excuse. 

purpura,  ae,  L,  purple-color,  pui^pte, 
purple  garment. 

purpureus,  a,  um  [purpura],  adj., 
purple-colored;  clothed  in  purple. 

purpura,  are,  avi,  atus  [purpura], 
to  be  clothed  in  purple. 

puto,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  think,  con- 
sider, suppose. 


222 


VOCABULARY 


Pylaemenes,  is,  ra.,  king  of  Paphla- 

gonia. 
Pyrenaeus,  a,  um,  adj.  (sc.  mons), 

the  Pyrenees  moiuitains. 
Pyrrhus,  i,  m.,  king  of  Epirus,  waged 

war  against  Rome  281-272  B.C. 


Q.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Quintus. 

Quadi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  Suabian  peo- 
ple. 

quadragesimus,  a,  um  [quadra- 
ginta],  num.  a,d].,  fortieth. 

quadriennium,  i  [quattuor  +  an- 
nus], n.,  a  period  of  four  years. 

quadrlngenti,  ae,  a  [quattuor  + 
centum],  num.  adj., /oar  hundred. 

quadringenties  [quadringenti], 
num.  adv., /our  hundred  times. 

quaero,  ere,  quaesivi,  quaesitus, 
to  seek  ;  ask  ;  get,  obtain. 

quaestor,  oris  [orig.  quaesitor ;  cf . 
quaero,  quaeso],  m.,  quaestor, 
quartermaster,  a  name  given  to  cer- 
tain magistrates  who  had  the  care 
of  public  moneys  and  military  sup- 
plies, both  at  Rome  and  in  the  prov- 
inces. 

quails,  e,  adj.,  (1)  interrog.,  of  lohat 
kind  ?  what  sort  off  (2)  rel.,  of  such 
a  kind,  such  as,  as. 

quam  [quis] ,  adv.,  how,  hoxo  much ; 
after  a  comp.,  than;  with  a  sup.,  as 
possible;  quam  primum,  as  soo7i 
as  possible  ;  quamdiu,  as  long  as; 
tain  .  .  .  quam,  as  .  .  .  so,  not  only 
.  .  .  but  also. 

quamquam,  conj.,  although,  even  if. 

quam  vis  [quam -|- vis,  from  volo], 
adv.  and  conj.,  however  much,  al- 
though. 

quantus,  a,  um  [quam]  adj.,  (1)  in- 
terrog.,  how    great f    how    much? 


(2)  rel.,  correl.  to  tantus,  as  great 
as,  as. 

quantum,  adv.,  hoio  muchf  how 
far? 

quare  [qua -f  re],  adv.,  (1)  interrog., 
why?  (2)  rel.,  for  ichich  reason, 
wherefore,  therefore. 

quarto  [quartus],  adv.,  for  the 
fourth  time. 

quartus,  a,  um  [quattuor],  num. 
Sid].,  fourth. 

quasi,  adv.  and  conj.,  as  if,  just  as 
if,  as  though ;  on  the  ground  that. 

quatenus,  adv.,  (1)  interrog.,  to  what 
point  f  hoio  far?  (2)  rel.,  as  far  as. 

quater  [quattuor],  num.  adv.,  four 
times. 

quaterni,  ae,  a  [quater],  dist.  num. 
ad].,  four  each,  by  fours,  four  at  a 
time. 

quattuor,  indecl.  num.  adj., /owr. 

quattuordecim  [quattuor  +  de- 
cern], indecl.  num.  adj.,  fourteen. 

-que,  conj.  enclitic,  and,  and  yet,  but. 

queror,  i,  questus  sum,  to  complain. 

qui,  quae,  quod,  rel.  pron.,  loho, 
ivhich,  lohat,  that;  whoever,  what- 
ever. 

qui,  quae,  or  qua,  quod,  indef.  pron. 
used  adjectively,  any,  some. 

quia,  conj.,  because,  since. 

quicumque,  quaecumque,  quod- 
cumque,  indef.  rel.  pron.,  whoever, 
whichever,  lohatever. 

quidam,  quaedam,  quiddam,  and 
as  adj.,  quoddam,  indef.  pron.,  a 
certain  one,  somebody ;  a  certain. 

quidem,  adv.,  indeed,  in  fact,  to  be 
sure;  ne  .  .  .  quidem,  not  even, 
not  at  all. 

quiesc5,  ere,  evi,  etus,  to  rest,  re- 
pose, keep  quiet. 

quietus,  a,  um  [quiesco],  adj.,  at 
rest,  free  from  exertion;  undis- 
turbed, quiet,  peaceful. 


VOCABULARY 


223 


quilibet,  quaelibet,  quodlibet 
(quidlibet) ,  iiidef .  pron.,  any  one 
you  please,  any  one,  who  or  whatso- 
ever. 

quin  [qui,  adv.,  how?-\-ne],  conj., 
how  not?  why  not?  that,  that  not, 
hut  that;  quin  et  or  etiam,  nay 
more. 

quing-entesimus,  a,  um  [quin- 
genti],  num.  adj.,^ve  hundredth. 

quing-enti,  ae,  a  [quinque  +  cen- 
tum], num.  adj.,./7"i;e  hundred. 

quini,  ae,  a  [quinquej,  dist.  num. 
adj.j.^ye  each,  hy  fives. 

quinquagesimus,  a,  una  [quinqua- 
ginta],  num.  ad}.,  fiftieth. 

quinquaginta,    indecl.    num.    adj., 

fi.fiy' 
quinque,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  .^ve. 
Quinque g-entiani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a 

people  of  Libya. 
Quintillus,i,  m.  {M.  Aurelius)  Quin- 

tillus,  brother  of    the  emperor  M. 

Aurelius  Claudius. 
Quintius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 

gens.    See  Cincinnatus,  Flamini- 

nus. 
quints  [quintus],  num.  adv., /or  the 

fifth  time. 
quintus,  a,  um    [quinque],   num. 

^d].,  fifth. 
quippe,   adv.,  indeed,    as   you   see, 

surely. 
qui  que  =  et  qui. 
Quirinalis,    is   (sc.   collis)   m.,  the 

Qulrinal  Hill,  one  of  the  seven  hills 

of  Rome, 
quis,  qua,  quid,  indef.  pron.  used 

substantively,  some  one,  any  one, 

something,  anything. 
quisquam,  quaequam,  quicquam, 

indef.  pron.,  adj.,  or  noun,  any  one, 

anything,  any. 
quo    [qui],  adv.,  (1)    rel.,  whither, 

where;      (2)    interrog.,     whither? 


where?  (3)  indef.,  to  any  place,  any' 

where. 
quo  [qui],  conj.,  with  comparatives, 

ill  order   that,   that,  that  thereby; 

quo  minus,  that  not. 
quod  [qui],  conj.,  because,  suppos- 

i7ig  that,  in  that,  so  far  as ;  quod 

si,  but  if. 
quondam,  adv.,  once,  formerly,  some- 
time. 
quoque,  conj.,  also,  too. 
quousque,    adv.,    till   when?   how 

long?  until  (late). 


Raetia,  ae,  f.,  a  Roman  province 
south  of  the  Danube. 

rapio,  ere,  rapui,  raptus,  to  seize 
and  carry  off,  drag  off;  plunder, 
destroy. 

con  — corripio,  ere,  ui,  reptus, 
to  seize,  snatch  up,  grasp;  collect, 
carry  of,  plunder. 

dis  — diripio,  ere,  ui,  reptus, 
to  tear  asunder,  ravage,  plunder. 

ex  — eripio,  ere,  ui,  reptus,  to 
take  or  snatch  away ;  rescue;  de- 
prive. 

ratio,  onis  [reor,  to  think"],  f.,  reck- 
oning, calculation, account ;  method, 
plan. 

rationalls,  e  [ratio],  adj.,  of  or  he- 
longing  to  accounts ;  as  subst., 
rationalis,  is,  m.,  an  accountant. 

ratus,  a,  um  [reor,  to  think],  adj., 
thought  out,  defined,  fixed. 

Ravenna,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Cisalpine 
Gaul. 

rebello,  see  bello. 

recedo,  see  cedo. 

recens,  entis,  adj.,  recent,  late, 
fresh. 

receptor,  oris  [recipio],  m.,  a  har- 
borer,  concealer. 


224 


VOCABULARY 


recipio,  see  capio. 

recog^nosco,  see  nosco. 

reconcilio,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  procure 
again,  regain  ;  reunite,  reconcile. 

recorder,  ari,  atus  sum  [re  +  cor, 
heart],  to  remember,  recall. 

rectus,  a,  um  [rego],  a,d]., straight, 
direct. 

recuse,  are,  avi,  atus  [re  + 
causa],  to  refuse,  object,  decline, 
hesitate. 

redo,  see  do. 

redeo,  see  eo. 

redigo,  see  ago. 

redimo,  see  emo. 

reduco,  see  duco. 

refero, see  fero. 

reformo,  are,  — ,  atus  [re  +  forma] , 
to  shape  again,  reform,  change. 

refugid,  see  fugio. 

regina,  ae  [rex],  f.,  a  queen. 

regio,  onis  [rego],  f .,  a  direction ; 
region,  territory. 

regius,  a,  um  [rex],  adj.,  royal, 
kingly. 

regno,  are,  avi,  atus  [regnum], 
to  be  king,  rule. 

regnum,  i  [rex],  n.,  kingship,  su- 
premacy ;  kingdom,  reign. 

rego,  ere,  rexi,  rectus,  to  regulate, 
rule,  conduct. 

ad  — adrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rectus, 
to  set  up,  raise,  erect ;  rouse,  en- 
courage. 

con  — corrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rec- 
tus, to  straighten,  correct,  im- 
prove. 

per  — pergo,  ere,  perrexi,  per- 
rectus,  to  go  .straight  on,  proceed, 
hasten;  with  ace,  pursue  with 
vigor,  perform. 

regredior,  see  *gradior. 

Regulus,  i,  m., 

1.  M.  Atilius  Regulus,  consul  267 


2.  M.  Atilius  Regulus,  consul  25G 

B.C. 

religio,  onis,  f.,  sense  of  duty;  re- 
ligion, devotion  to  the  gods ;  scruple. 

relinquo,  ere,  liqui,  lictus  [re  + 
linquo,  to  leave],  to  leave  behind, 
leave  ;  bequeath;  appoint  by  loill. 

reliquiae,  arum  [relinquo],  pi.  f., 
remainder,  remnant,  residue. 

reliquus,  a,  um  [relinquo],  adj., 
remaining,  rest. 

remando,  see  mando. 

remaneo,  see  maneo. 

remeo,  are,  avi,  —  ,to  go  back,  re- 
turn. 

remittS,  see  mitto. 

removed,  see  moveo. 

remus,  i,  m.,  an  oar. 

Remus,  i,  m.,  the  brother  of  Romulus. 

renovo,  are,  avi,  atus  [re  + 
novus],   to  renew. 

reparo,  see  paro. 

repente  [repens,  sudden],  adv.,  sud- 
denly. 

repentinus,  a,  um  [repens,  sud- 
den], adj.,  sudden,  unexpected. 

reperio,  see  *pari6. 

repetS,  see  peto. 

repono,  see  pono. 

reports,  see  *port6. 

reprehend©,  see  *prehend6. 

repressor,  oris  [reprimo,  to  check'\, 
m.,  a  restrainer,  represser. 

repudio,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  cast  off", 
divorce;  reject,  scorn. 

res,  rei,  f.,  thing,  matter;  affair, 
deed,  exploit,  event ;  circumstance  ; 
story:  property,  fortune;  trouble; 
res  familiaris,  private  property : 
res  publica,  the  commonwealth, 
stale  ;  res  gestae,  exploits. 

reserve,  see  servo. 

resided,  see  sedeo. 

resists,  see  *sisto. 

responded,  see  spondeo. 


VOCABULARY 


225 


responsum,  i  [responded],  n.,  an 
answer. 

res  publica,  see  res. 

restituo,  see  *statuo. 

resume,  see  sumo, 

rete,  is,  n.,  a  net,  snare. 

retine5,  see  teneo. 

retro,  adv.,  backward,  behind. 

reus,  1,  m.,  defendant,  accitsed  per- 
son ;  prisoner. 

reveho,  see  veho. 

reverentia,  ae  [re  +  vereor] ,  f ., 
respect,  aioe,  reverence. 

revertor,  see  *vert5. 

revoco,  see  voco, 

rex,  reg-is  [rego],  m.,  a  king. 

Rex,  Regis,  m.,  Q,  Mdrcins  i?ex,  con- 
sul 118  B.C. 

Rhea,  ae,  f.,  Rhea  Silvia,  tlie  mother 
of  Romulus  and  Remus. 

Rhenus,  i,  m.,  the  Rhine. 

Rhodanus,  i,  m.,  the  Rhone. 

Rhodii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Rhodlans, 
the  people  of  the  island  of  Rhodes. 

Rhodopa,  ae,  f.,  a  lofty  mountain  in 
Thrace. 

Rhodus,  i,  f.,  Rhodes,  an  island  in 
the  eastern  part  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean Sea. 

ripa,  ae,  f.,  the  bank  of  a  river. 

ripensis,  e  [ripa],  adj.,  situated  or 
stationed  on  the  banks  of  a  river ; 
Dacia  ripensis,  Dacia  on  the 
Danube. 

rog5,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  ask,  in- 
quire; request,  implore. 

ab  — abrogo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
appeal;  annul,  abrogate. 

Roma,  ae,  f.,  Rome. 

Romanus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Roman;  as 
subst.,  Romani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the 
Romans. 

Romulus,  i,  m.,  the  son  of  Rhea 
Silvia  and  Mars,  the  founder  of 
Rome. 

HAZ.   EUTROPIUS  — 15 


rostratus,  a,  um  [rostrum],  adj., 
furnished  with  beaks. 

rostrum,  i,  n.,  the  beak  of  a  ship; 
pi.,  the  Rostra  or  speaker's  platform 
in  the  Forum  (adorned  with  the 
beaks  of  captured  ships). 

ruber,  bra,  brum,  adj.,  red;  Rub- 
rum  mare,  the  Red  Sea. 

Rufinus,  i,  m.,  P.  Cornelius  Ruflnus, 
consul  290  B.C. 

Rufus,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
family. 

1.  M.  Minucius  Rufus,  consul 
221  B.C. 

2.  (Q.)   Minucius    Rufus,  consul 

110  B.C. 

3.  P.  Sulpicius  (Rufus),  a  parti- 
san of  Marius. 

rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptus,  to  break, 
destroy. 

con— corrumpS,  ere,  rupi, 
ruptus,  to  destroy;  seduce,  bribe, 
corrupt. 

ex  —  erumpo,  ere,  rupi,  rup- 
tus, to  break  forth  or  out,  burst 
forth. 

in  —  inrumpo,  ere,  rupi,  rup- 
tus, to  break  in,  fall  upon ;  inter- 
rupt. 

rursus  or  rursum  [orig.  revorsus ; 
cf.  reverto],  adv.,  back;  again. 

rusticus,  a,  um  [rus,  the  country], 
adj.,  of  the  country,  rustic;  as 
subst.,  rusticani,  orum,  pi.  m., 
countrymen. 

Rutilius,  i,  m.,  P.   Rutilius,  consul 

90  B.C. 

S. 

Sabini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Sabines, 
a  race  in  central  Italy,  adjoining 
Latium  on  the  east. 

Sabinus,  i,  m., 

1.  Oppius  Sabinus,  a  Roman  gen- 
eral slain  by  Dacians  during  the 
reign  of  Domitian. 


226 


VOCABULARY 


2.  Q.   Titurius  {Sabinus),  a  lieu- 
tenant of  Caesar. 

3.  (Flavins)  Sabinus,  brother  of 
the  emperor  Vespasian. 

sacer,  era,  crum,  adj.,  hohj,  sacred ; 

as  subst.,  .sacrum,  i,  n,,  a   holy 

thing,  sacred  vessel;  pi.   religious 

rites,  sacrifices. 
sacerdos,  otis  [sacer],  m.  and  f., 

priest,  priestess. 
sacramentum,  i  [sacro]  ,n.,an  oath. 
*sacr6,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  set  apart; 

bless ;  curse. 
con  —  consecro,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  dedicate,  consecrate,  devote. 
ex  — exsecror,  ari,  atus  sum, 

to  curse,  abhor. 
Ob  — obsecro,   are,  avi,  atus, 

to  implore,  supplicate. 
saepe,  adv.,  frequently,  often. 
saevio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus  [saevus], 

to  be  fierce  or  cruel,  rage ;  punish 

cruelly. 
saevitia,    ae    [saevus],    f.,    fury, 

cruelty. 
saevus,  a,  um,  adj.,  raging,  fierce, 

cruel. 
sagax,  acis,  adj.,  of  quick  perception, 

sagacious,  keen-scented. 
sagltta,  ae,  f.,  arroiv. 
Sagittarius,    i    [sagitta],    m.,    an 

archer,  bowman. 
Saguntini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Saguntum. 
Saguntum,  i,  n. ,  a  city  on  the  eastern 

coast  of  Spain, 
salarius,  a,  um  [sal,  salt],  adj.,  of 

salt,  salty ;  via  Saldria,  the  road 

from  Rome  to  Reate. 
Salassi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  living 

in  the  Alps. 
Salinator,  6ris,  m.,  M.  Livius  Sali- 

nator,  consul  210  B.C. 
Salle ntini,  6rum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 

Calabria  in  southern  Italy. 


Salonae,  arum,  pi.  f  ,  a  city  in  Dal- 
matia. 

salts,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  dance,  leap. 

saluto,  are,  avi,  atus  [salus, 
health],  to  wish  one  health,  greet, 
salute,  visit. 

Salvius,  i,  ra  ,  see  Itilianus. 

salvus,  a,  um,  adj.,  loell,  safe, 
sound. 

Samnites,  um,  Gr.  ace.  pi.  Samni- 
tas,  pi.  m.,  the  Samnites,  a  branch 
of  the  Sabine  race  inhabiting  the 
mountains  southeast  of  Latium. 

Samnium,  i,  n.,  a  division  of  middle 
Italy. 

Samus,  i,  f .,  an  island  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea,  near  the  coast  of  Asia 
Minor. 

sanguinarius,  a,  um  [sanguis], 
adj.,  bloodthirsty,  bloody,  sangui- 
nary. 

sanguis,  inis,  m.,  blood. 

Sapor,  oris,  m.,  the  name  of  several 
Persian  kings. 

1.  Sapor  I.,  240-273  a.d. 

2.  Sapor  II.,  310-381  a.d. 
Sardi,  orum,  pi.  m  ,  the  Sardinians, 

inhabitants  of  the  island  of  Sardinia. 
Sardica,    ae,  f.,  a   city    in    Lower 

Moesia. 
Sardinia,  ae,  f.,  Sardinia,  an  island 

in  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  west  of 

Italy. 
Sardinienses,  ium,  pi.  ni.,  the  Sa?^ 

dijiians,  inhabitants  of  the  island  of 

Sardinia. 
Sarmatae,  arum,  pi.   ni.,    the   in- 

habitants  of  Sarmatia. 
Sarmatia,  ae,  f.,  Sarmatia,  now  the 

eastern    part   of    Poland    and   the 

southern  part  of  Russia  in  Europe. 
Saturninus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 

Tyrants. 
saucid,  are,  avi,  atus  [saucius],  to 

wound. 


VOCABULARY 


227 


Sauromatae,  arum,  pi,  m.,  a  people 
of  Asia  dwelling  on  the  Tana'is. 

Saxones,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  Saxons. 

saxum.  i,  u.,  a  stone,  rock,  boulder. 

*scand.6,  ere,  — ,  — ,  to  climb,  mount. 
ad  — ascendo,  ere,  i,  scensus, 
to  climb  up,  mount,  ascend. 

con  —  conscendo,  ere,  i,  scen- 
sus, to  mount,  a.scend ;  go  on  board. 

Scaevola,  ae,  m.,  Q.  Milcius  Scae- 
vola,  consul  117  B.C. 

sceleratus,  a,   um   [scelus],  adj., 
ivicked,  infamous. 

scelus,  eris,  n.,  a  sin,  crime. 

scena,  ae,  f.,  a  stage. 

scientia,  ae   [scio],  f.,    knoivledge, 
skill. 

scilicet  [scire  +  licet],  adv.,  p^«i?t^?/, 
of  course,  doubtless. 

scio,  ire,   scivi,  scitus,   to   know, 
understand 

Scipio,  onis,  m.,  the  name  of  one  of 
the  most  illustrious  families  of  Rome. 

1.  Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  83  B.C. 

2.  Cn.  Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  222 

B.C. 

3.  L.  (Corneliu.s)  Scipio,  consul  259 

B.C. 

4.  P.  Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  218 

B.C. 

5.  P.  Cornelius  Scipio,  consul  191 

B.C. 

G.  P.  Cornelius  Scipio,  praetor  94 

B.C. 

7.  P.  Cornelius  Scipio  Africdnus, 
consul  205  B.C.,  the  conqueror  of 
Hannibal  in  the  First  Punic  War. 

8.  P.  Cornelius  Scipio  Africdnus 
{Minor) ,  consul  147  B.C.  He  brought 
the  Third  Punic  War  to  a  close  by 
capturing  and  destroying  Carthage. 

9.  L.  Cornelius  Scipio  Asldyenes, 
consul  83  B.C. 

10.  P.  {Cornelius)  Scipio  Ndsica, 
consul  91  B.C. 


Scordisci,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  Thracian 
people. 

scriba,  ae  [scribo],  f.,  a  clerk,  sec- 
retary. 

scribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptus,  to 
IV  rite. 

de  —  describe,  ere,  scripsi, 
scriptus,  to  copy  off,  sketch,  de- 
scribe. 

pro  — proscribe,  ere,  scripsi, 
scriptus,  to  offer  for  sale ;  pro- 
scribe, outlaw. 

Scribonius,  i,  m.,  see  Curio. 

scrinium,  i,\\.,a  case,  box  (especially 
for  books  and  papers) . 

Scythae,  arum,  pi.  m.,  a  wandering 
tribe  of  Europe  and  Asia  north  of 
the  Black  and  Caspian  Seas. 

se,  see  sui. 

sectio,  onis,  f.,  a  sale  at  auction 
of  confiscated  property . 

secundo  [secundus],  adv.,  for  the 
second  time. 

secundus,  a,  um  [sequor],  adj., 
second ;  favorable,  successful. 

Secundus,  i,  m.,  Petrdnius  Secundum, 
a  partisan  of  Nerva. 

securitas,  atis  [securus,  free  from 
care],  f.,  freedom  from  care,  secur- 
ity. 

sed,  conj.,  but ;  yet. 

sedeo,  ere,  sedi,  sessus,  to  sit, 
settle,  remain,  be  encamped. 

ob  —  obsideo,  ere,  sedi,  sessus, 
to  besiege,  occupy ;  watch  closely. 

re  — reside©,  ere,  sedi,  — ,  to  sit 
back,  remain  sitting,  be  left  behind, 
remain. 

sedes,  is  [cf .  sedeo] ,  f.,  seat,  chair ; 
residence,  abode. 

seditio,  onis  [sed  +  itio,  from  eo], 
f.,  dissension,  rebellion,  revolt. 

seditiose  [seditio] ,  adv.,  seditiously. 

Seleucia,  ae,  f., 

1.  A  city  in  Assyria. 


228 


VOCABULARY 


2.  A  city  in  Cilicia. 

3.  A  city  in  Syria. 

sella,  ae  [sedeo],  f.,  a  seat,  chair. 

semel,  adv.,  once. 

semlbarbarus,i,  m.,  semi-barbarian. 

semper,  adv.,  always. 

Sempronius,  i,  m.,  P.  Semprdnius, 
consul  268  B.C.  See  Blaesus, 
Gracchus. 

Sena,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Umbria  in 
Italy. 

senator,  oris  [senatus],  m.,  a  sen- 
ator. 

senatus,  us  [cf.  senex],  m.,  council 
of  elders,  senate,  in  the  time  of  the 
kings  a  mere  advisory  body,  called 
together  by  the  king  when  he  de- 
sired advice,  but  later  the  chief 
power  in  the  Roman  state. 

senectus,  utis  f senex],  f.,  old  age. 

senesco,  ere,  senui,—,  [senex],  ^o 
grow  old. 

con  — c5nsenesc6,  ere,  senui, 
— ,  to  groio  old. 

senex,  gen.  senis,  adj.,  old:  comp. 
senior,  elder;  sup.  maximus 
(natu),  eldest.  As  subst.,  senex, 
senis,  m.,  an  old  man;  seniores, 
um,  pi.  m.,  the  elders  (men  over  45). 

senior,  see  senex. 

Senones,  um,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
Celtic  Gaul. 

Senones,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  chief  city 
of  the  Senones. 

sententia,  ae  [senti5],  f .,  anopinion, 
ji(dgment ;  sense, 

senti6,ire,  sensi,  sensus,  to  discern 
by  sense,  feel ;  see,  perceive. 

ad  —  adsentor,  S.r!,  &tus  sum, 
to  assent,  Jiatter,  fawn. 

con  — c5nsenti6,     ire,     sensi, 
sensus,  to  agree;  conspire,  plot. 

Sentlus,  i,  m.,  Cn.  Sejitius,  a  Roman 
general  during  the  reign  of  the  em- 
peror Claudius. 


sepelio,  ire,  ivi  (li),  sepultus,  to 

bury,  inter. 
septem,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  seven. 
September,  bris,  m.,  September,  the 

seventh  month  of  the  year  begin- 
ning with  March, 
septendecim    [septem  +  decem] , 

indecl.  num.  adj.,  seventeen. 
septennium,  i  [septem  +  annus], 

n.,  the  space  of  seven  years. 
Septimius,  i,  m.,  see  Severus. 
Septimus,  a,  um  [septem],  num. 

adj.,  seventh. 
septingentesimus,  a,  um  [septin- 

genti,  seven  hundred],  num.  adj., 

seven  hundredth. 
septuagenarius,  a,  um   [septua- 

ginta],  num.  adj.,  of  or  belonging 

to  the  number  seventy. 
septuagesimus,    a,  um    [septua- 

ginta],  num.  adj.,  seventieth. 
septuaginta  [septem],  indecl.  num. 

adj.,  seventy. 
sepultara,  ae  [sepeliS],  f.,  burial, 

funeral. 
Sequani,  orum,  pi.  m.,an  important 

tribe  in  eastern  Gaul  north  of  the 

Rhone, 
sequor,  i,  seciitus  sum,  to  follow, 

pursue  ;  ensue. 
con  —  consequor,    i,    secQtus 

sum,  to  pursue,  overtake ;  arrive; 

obtain. 
in  — insequor,  i,  secutus  sum, 

to  pursue,  folloio  up. 
Ob  —  obsequor,      i,      secutus 

sum,    to    submit    to,    indulge    in, 

assist. 
per  — persequor,     i,     secQtus 

sum,  to  pursue,  prosecute ;  relate. 
pr6  —  prOsequor,    i,    secatus 

sum,  to  follow  after,  pursue,  ad- 
dress. 
Serfipium,  i,  n.,  SerCipium,  the  temple 

of  Serapis. 


VOCABULARY 


229 


Serdica,  ae,  f.,  a  town  in  Upper 
Moesia,  the  modern  Sofia. 

Sergius,  i,  m.,  see  Catilina. 

sericus,  a,  um,  adj.,  of  silk,  silken. 

sermo,  onis,  m.,  talk,  conversation, 
discourse. 

*ser6,  ere,—  ,  tus,  to  bind  together. 
ad  — adserS,  ere,  ui,    tus,    to 
claim,  lay  claim  to. 

con— consero,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to 
join  in  battle ;  conserere  manus, 
to  fight  hand  to  hand. 

de  — desero,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to 
leave,  abandon,  desert. 

in  — insero,  ere,  ui,  tus,  to 
fasten  into;  insert. 

Sertorius,  i,  m.,  Q,  Sertorius,  an 
officer  in  the  army  of  Marias.  He 
went  to  Spain  as  propraetor  in  82 
B.C.  and  maintained  an  independent 
command  until  his  death  in  72  B.C. 

Servilius,  i,  m.,  Q.  Servlliiis,  consul 
305  B.C.  See  Caepio,  Casca, 
Vatia. 

servio,  ire,  ivi  (ii),  itus,  to  be  the 
slave  of,  devote  one's  self  to;  have 
regard  to. 

Servius,  i,  m.,  see  Tullius. 

servitium,  i  [servus],  n.,  slavery; 
slaves. 

servitus,  utis  [servus],  f.,  slavery. 

servo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  save,  pre- 
serve, watch. 

con- conserve,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  keep  safe,  preserve. 

re  — reserve,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 
keep  back,  reserve,  preserve. 

servus,  i,  m.,  a  slave,  servant. 

sese,  see  sui, 

sestertius,  i  [semis, /ia(/",+tertius], 
m.,  (sc.  nummus),  a  sesterce,  a 
small  silver  coin  equivalent  origi- 
nally to  two  and  one-half  asses,  but 
later  worth  about  four  cents.  In 
naming   large    sums    the    Romans 


spoke  of  "so  many  times  a  hundred 
thousand  sestertii"  {centena  mllia 
sestertium) . 

severe  [severus],  adv.,  sup.  seve- 
rissime;  strictly ,  severely . 

severissime,  see  severe. 

severitas,  atis  [severus],  f.,  strict- 
ness, severity,  sternness. 

severus,  a,  um,  adj.,  serious,  strict, 
harsh. 

Severus,  i,  m., 

1.  (L.)  Septimius  Severus,  Roman 
emperor  193-211  a.d. 

2.  (Flavins  Valeriiis)  Severus,  Ro- 
man emperor  306-307  a.d. 

sex,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  six. 

Sex,,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 

Sextus. 
sexagenarius,  a,  um  [sexaginta], 

num.  adj.,  belonging  to  sixty  ;  maior 

sexagenario,    older    than     sixty 

years. 
sexagesimus,  a,  um  [sexaginta], 

num.  adj.,  sixtieth. 
sexaginta  [sex] ,  indecl.  num.  adj., 

sixty. 
sexcentesimus,  a  um  [sexcenti], 

num.  adj.,  six  hundredth. 
sexcenti,  ae,    a    [sex  +  centum], 

num.  adj.,  six  hundred. 
sexdecim  or  sedecim   [sex  +  de- 
cern], indecl.  num.  adj.,  sixteen. 
sexies  [sex],  num.  adv.,  six  times. 
Sextus,  i,  m.,  Sextus  Chaeronensis,  a 

teacher  of  Antoninus  Pius, 
sextus,    a,    um    [sex],  num.  adj., 

sixth. 
si,  conj.,  if  whether ;  quod  si,  but  if. 
sic,  adv.,  so,  thus;  sic  .  .  .  u.t,  just  as. 
Sicilia,  ae,  f.,  the  island  of  Sicily. 
Siculi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabitants 

of  Sicily. 
sicut  [sic  +  ut],  Sidy.,  just  as. 
sido,  ere,  — ,  — ,  to  seat  one's  self,  sit 

down. 


230 


VOCABULARY 


con  — consido,  ere,  sedi,  ses- 

sus,  to  sit  down;  settle,  encamp, 

take  a  position. 
sig-niflcS,  are,  avi,  atus  [signum 

+  faci6J,    to    make    sigjis,    shoio ; 

point  out,  indicate. 
signuiu,  i,  n.,  sign,  signal;  military 

standard,  ensign  ;  statue,  image. 
Silanus,  i,  m.,  a  celebrated  Roman 

family. 

1.  D.  lunius  Silanus,  consul  62  b.c. 

2.  M.    lunius     Silanus,     consul 

10<)  B.C. 

Silvanus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  who  revolted 

in  Gaul  during  the  reign  of  the  em- 
peror Constantius. 
Silvia,  see  Rhea, 
similis,  e,   adj.,    sup.    simillimus ; 

like,  similar. 
simul,  adv.,  at  the  same  time ;  simul 

atque  or  ac,  as  soon  as. 
sine,  prep,  with  abl.,  without. 
Sing-ara,  ae,  f .,  a  city  in  Mesopotamia, 

on  the  Tigris. 
singularis,  e  [singuli],  adj.,  one  by 

one,  single,  individual ;  remarkable, 

singular,  unparalleled. 
singuli,  ae,  a,  adj.,  one  at  a  time,  one 

apiece,  single. 
sinister,  tra,  trum,  adj.,  left. 
sino,  ere,  sivi,  situs,  to  put,  place; 

permit,  let. 
de  —  desino,  ere,  sivi  (ii), situs, 

to  cease,  stop. 
Sinope,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  Paphlagonia, 

on  the  Black  Sea. 
Sipylus,  i,  m.,  a  mountain  in  Lydia. 
Sirmium,  i,  n.,  a  city  in  Lower  Pan- 

nonia. 
♦sisto,  ere,  stiti,  status,  to  cause  to 

stand,  place,  set ;  stand. 
con  — consists,  ere,  stiti,—,  to 

stand,  take  position  (of  an  army).; 

stop,  halt ;  be  firm,  endure,  continue. 
ex  — exsisto,  ere,  stiti,  — ,  to 


I     make  come  out ;  appear,  arise,  pro- 
I     ject,  exist. 

I         re  —  resists,  ere,  stiti,  — ,  to  op- 
pose, loithstand,  resist. 

situs,  a,  um  [orig.  part,  of  sino], 
ml}.,  placed,  situate,  lying. 

Smyrna,  ae,  f.,  one  of  the  most 
flourishing  and  important  sea-ports 
of  Asia  Minor. 

socer,  eri,  m..,  father-in-law. 

socialis,  e  [socius],  adj.,  social. 

socius,  i,  m.,  a  comrade,  ally,  con- 
federate. 

socordia,  ae,  f.,  dullness,  careless- 
ness ;  laziness,  indolence. 

sol,  solis,  m.,  the  sun ;  Sol,  Soils, 
m.,  the  Sun-god. 

solitudo,  inis  [solus],  f.,  loneliness; 
lonely  place,  ivilderness. 

sollers,  ertis,  adj.,  skillful,  expert. 

sollicito,  are,  avi,  atus  [soUicitus, 
agitated],  to  urge,  incite,  tempt, 
solicit. 

sollicitudo,  inis  [sollicitus,  agi- 
tated], f .,  uneasiness  of  miml,  care, 
anxiety. 

solum,  i,  n.,  the  ground,  soil. 

solum  [solus],  adv.,  only. 

s51us,  a,  um,  gen.  solius,  dat.  soli, 
adj.,  0)1  ly,  alone. 

solvo,  ere,  solvi,  solutus,  to  loose ; 
set  sail ;  a^inul :  pay  ;  unseal,  open. 

Sophanene,  es,  f.,  or  Sophene,  a 
division  of  Armenia  Maior. 

soror,  oris,  f.,  a  sister. 

Sp.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Spurius. 

Spartacus,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  gladiator 
who  led  an  insurrection  of  gladiators 
and  slaves,  73  b.c. 

spatiSsus,  a,  um  [spatium,  space] , 
adj.,  roomy,  of  great  extent,  ample, 
extensive. 

*speci6,  ere,  spexi,  — ,  (obsolete), 
to  look. 


VOCABULARY 


231 


ad  —  adspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spec- 
tus,  to  look  at,  examine,  inspect. 

con  —  conspicio,  ere,  spexi, 
spectus,  to  catch  sight  of,  spij; 
see. 

spectaculum,  i  [specto,  to  look  at], 
n.,  a  shoiv,  spectacle. 

specto,    are,   avi,    atus    [freq.    of 
*speci6],  to  look  at,  loatch,  behold. 
ex  — exspecto,  are,  avi,  atus, 
to  look  out  for,  wait  for,  await. 

speculator,  oris,  m.,  a  spy. 

spes,  ei,  f.,  hope,  exspectation. 

spolium,  i,  n.,  spoil,  booty. 

spondeo,  ere,  spopondi,  sponsus, 
to  promise. 

re  — responded,  ere,  i,  spon- 
sus, to  answer,  reply ;  corre.'tpond 
to,  agree  ivith. 

sponte  [abl.  of  spons,  obs.],  f.,  vol- 
untarily ;  with  mea,  tua,  or  sua, 
of  t'ly,  your,  or  his  own  free  will. 

stadium,  i,  n.,  a  stade,  stadium,  fur- 
long, G065  English  feet;  a  course  for 
foot  races ;  race  course  ;  Stadium, 
the  race  course  built  by  Domitian. 

statina  [sto],  adv.,  instantly,  at 
once. 

static,  onis  [sto],  f.,  a  picket,  guard. 

stativus,  a,  um  [sto],  adj.,penn«- 
7ient,  stationary ;  castra  stativa, 
a  permanent  camp. 

statua,  ae  [sto],  a  statue,  image. 

*statu6,  ere,  i,  utus  [sto],  to  cause 
to  stand,  set  up,  place ;  determine ; 
determine  on;  ai^ange,  appoint. 

con  — ^  constituo,  ere,  i,  utus, 
to  set  up,  erect ;  set  in  order,  organ- 
ize ;  arrange,  appoint ;  resolve. 

de  — destituo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to 
set  doion,  deposit. 

in  — instituo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to  set 
in  place,  arrange ;  found,  establish ; 
determine,  undertake,  begin ;  train, 
teach. 


pro  — prostituo,  ere,  i,  utus, 
to  set  forth  in  public,  expose;  dis- 
honor, prostitute,  offer  for  sale. 

re  — restituo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to 
set  up  again,  replace,  restore,  re- 
instate ;  repair,  remedy,  save. 

status,  us  [sto],  m.,  state,  position, 
rank. 

Stella,  ae,  f.,  a  star. 

stercus,  oris,  n.,  dung,  excrement, 
manure. 

sterno,  ere,  stravi,  stratus,  to  lay 
loio,  scatter ;  pave. 

stilus,  i,  m.,  stilus,  pen. 

stipendiarius,  a,  um  [stipendium] , 
adj.,  tributary ,  paying  tribute. 

stipendium,  i  [stips,  gift  +  pendo], 
n.,  a  payment ;  salary,  pay  ;  cam- 
paign. 

stipes,  itis,  m.,  a  log,  stock,  post, 
trunk. 

*st6,  are,  steti,  status,  to  stand, 
take  the  part  of,  staiid  firm ;  con- 
tinue. 

ad  — asto,  are,  stiti,  — ,  to  stajul 
at,  be  at  hand. 

in  — insto,  are,  stiti,  staturus, 
to  draw  near,  be  present;  press  on, 
pursue. 

prae  — praesto,  are,  stiti,  sti- 
tus,  to  show  ;  bestow,  supply ;  sur- 
pass;  be  preferable ;  do,  perform. 

Stoicus,  a,  um,  adj..  Stoic. 

stolide,  adv.,  stupidly,  stolidly, 

strangulo,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  stran- 
gle, throttle,  kill. 

Stratonice,  es,  f.,  a  city  in  Caria  in 
Asia  Minor. 

strenue  [strenuus],  adv.,  sup. 
strenuissime,  vigorously . 

strenuissime,  see  strenue. 

strenuus,  a,  um,  adj.,  brisk,  active, 
vigorous. 

strictim,  adv.,  superficially,  summa- 
rily, briefly. 


232 


VOCABULARY 


stude5,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  be  eager,  take 
pains  about,  pay  attention  to  ;  wish, 
try ;  favor. 

studiose  [studiosus,  eager"],  adv., 
eagerly,  zealously. 

studium,  i  [studeo],  n.,  zeal,  enthu- 
siasm ;  desire,  pursuit,  study ;  good 
will,  affection. 

stupro,  are,  avi,  atus  [stuprum], 
to  debauch,  dishotior. 

stuprum,  i,  n.,  debauchery,  defile- 
ment, dishonor. 

suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasus,  to  ad- 
vise, urge,  exhort. 

sub,  prep,  with  ace,  under,  towards, 
until,  after;  with  abl.,  under,  be- 
neath, at  the  foot  of,  close  to;  in 
the  reign  of. 

subiciS,  see  *iaci6. 

subigo,  see  ag5, 

subito  [subitus],  adv.,  suddenly. 

subitus,  a,  um  [subeo],  adj.,  sud- 
den, unexpected. 

subiugo,  are,  avi,  atus  [sub  + 
iugum],  to  bring  under  the  yoke; 
subject,  subjugate. 

sublatus,  see  tollo. 

submoveo,  see  moveo. 

subtilis,  e,  adj.,  nice,  precise,  accu- 
rate, subtle. 

suburbanus,  a,  um  [urbs],  adj., 
near  the  city,  suburban. 

subvenid,  see  venio. 

succedo,  see  cedo. 

successor,  oris  [succedS],  m.,  a 
follower,  successor. 

successus,  us  [succedo],  m.,  fa- 
vorable outcome,  success. 

sudor,  oris  [sudo,  to  sweat],  m., 
sweat ;  fatigue. 

Suessa,  ae,  f.,  Suessa  Pometia,  a  city 
of  the  Volsci,  in  Latiura. 

Suevi,  5rum,  pi.  m.,  a  confederacy 
of  German  tribes. 

Sue  via,  ae,  f.,  Suevia,  the  laud  of 


the    Suevi,    modern    Bavaria    and 

Wurtemberg. 
sui,  gen.,  sibi,  dat.,  se  (sese),  ace. 

and  abl.,  reflex,  pron.,  sing,  and  pi., 

himself,  herself,  itself,  themselves. 
Sulla,  ae,  m.,  L.  Cornelius  Sulla,  sur- 

named  Felix,  consul  88  B.C. 
Sulpicius,  i,  m., 

1.  C.  Sulpicius,  dictator  304  B.C. 

2.  P.  Sulpicius,  consul  279  B.C. 

3.  P.  Sidpicius,  consul  211  B.C. 
See  Rufus. 

sum,  esse,fui,  futurus,  to  be,  exist, 
live;  with  gen.,  belonging  to,  be  a 
part  of;  be  true,  be  so ;  happen,  take 
place;  with  dat., /laye,  possess. 

ab  — absum,  esse,  afui,  — ,  to 
be  away  or  absent,  be  far  from; 
prope  abesse,  to  be  at  no  great 
distance,  be  near. 

in  — insum,  inesse,  infui,  — ,  to 
be  in  or  on ;  belong  to. 

inter— intersum,  esse,  fui,  — , 
to  be  present  at,  take  part  in. 

prae — praesum,  praeesse,  fui, 
— ,  to  be  over  or  before ;  rule,  gov- 
ern,,be  in  command  of. 

pro  —  prosum,  prodesse,  pro- 
fui,  — ,  to  benefit,  profit,  aid. 

super  — supersum,  esse,   fui, 
— ,  to  be  over  and  above,  remain; 
survive,  outlire. 
summus,  see  superus. 
sumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptus,  to 
use  up,  spend. 

con  — consume,  ere,  sumpsi, 
siimptus,  to  use  up ;  devour,  waste ; 
destroy;  spe7id,  pass ;  use,  employ . 

re  —  resume,     ere,     sumpsi, 
sumptus,  to  take  up  again,  take 
back,  resume. 
siimptus,  as    [silmS],  m.,   outlay, 

expense. 
supellex   or    supellectilis,  is,    f., 
household  stuff,  furniture. 


VOCABULARY 


233 


super,  prep,  with  ace,  over,  above, 
upon,  in  addition  to;  with  abl., 
over,  above,  upon,  on ;  about,  of, 
concerning. 

superbia,  ae  [superbus],  f .,  haugh- 
tiness, pride. 

superbus,  a,  um,  adj.,  haughty, 
proud,  august. 

superfluus,  a,  um  [super  +  fluo], 
adj.,  running  over, superfluous;  un- 
necessary. 

superior,  see  superus. 

supers,  are,  avi,  atus  [super],  to 
pass  over  or  around,  overcome,  con- 
quer ;  survive. 

supersum,  see  sum. 

superus,  a,  um  [super],  adj.,  above, 
on  high;  comp.,  superior,  ius, 
upper,  higher,  earlier,  superior; 
victorious ;  elder ;  sup.  summus, 
a,  um,  highest,  chief,  utmost. 

supervenio,  see  venio. 

supplicium,  i  [supplex,  a  suppli- 
ant], n.,  punishment y  execution, 
torture. 

supra,  adv.  and  prep,  with  ace, 
above,  over,  before,  on. 

Surena,  ae,  m.,  a  general  of  the 
Parthiaus  who  defeated  Crassus  in 
54  B.C. 

suscipio,  see  capio. 

suspectus,  a,  um  [orig.  part,  of 
suspicio],  adj.,  mistrusted,  sus- 
pected. 

suspicio,  onis  [suspici5,  to  suspect], 
f.,  distrust,  suspicion. 

sustineo,  see  teneo. 

sustuli,  see  tollo. 

Sutrini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Sutrium,  a  city  in  Etruria 
in  Italy. 

suus,  a,  um  [sui],  pron.  adj.,  his 
oion,  her  oion,  its  own,  their  own; 
his,  her,  its,  their;  as  subst.,  sui, 
orum,   pi.  m.,  his  (their)  friends. 


followers,  soldiers  or  fellow-citi- 
zens. 

Symiasera,  ae,  f.,  the  mother  of 
Heliogabalus. 

Syphax,  acis,  m.,  a  king  of  Nu- 
midia. 

Syracusani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  in- 
habitants of  Syracuse,  a  Greek  city 
in  Sicily. 

Syracusanus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belong- 
ing to  Syracuse ;  urbs  Syractl- 
sana,  the  city  of  Syracuse. 

Syria,  ae,  f .,  Syria,  a  country  of  Asia, 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

Syriacus,  a,  um,  adj.,  belonging  to 
Syria,  Syrian ;  Syriacumbellum, 
Syro-Aetolian  war,  192-189  b.c. 


T. 

T.,  abbreviation  of  the  praenomen 
Titus. 

tabula,  ae,  f.,  a  board,  plank;  pic- 
ture (sc.  picta,  painted);  writing 
tablet;  record,  list. 

Tacitus,!, m.,  {M.  Claudius)  Tacitus, 
Roman  emperor  275-276  a.d. 

Taifali,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  tribe  of 
Dacia. 

talentum,  i,  n.,  a  talent,  a  Greek 
money  measure  worth  about 
SHOO. 

talis,  e,  adj.,  swc^,  of  such  a  kind; 
talis  .  .  .  qualis,  such,  .  .  .  as. 

tam,  adv.,  to  such  a  degree,  so  much, 
as  much,  so ;  tam  .  .  .  quam,  as 
.  .  .  so,  not  only  .  .  .  but  also. 

tamen,  adv.,  yet,  still,  for  all  that, 
all  the  same,  however,  neverthe- 
less. 

tamquam,  adv.  and  conj.,  as,  as  if, 
as  though. 

tandem,  adv.,  at  length,  at  last, 
finally. 


234 


VOCABULARY 


*tang6,  ere,  tetigi,  tactus,  to 
touch;  reach  to. 

ad  — attingo,  ere,  tigi,  tactus, 
to  border  07i,  touch,  attain. 

con  — contingo,  ere,  tigi,  tac- 
tus, to  touch,  reach ;  occur, happen  to. 

tantum  [tantus],  adv.,  so  much  (and 
no  more),  only,  merely. 

tantus,  a,  um,  adj.,  so  great,  such. 

Tarentini,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Tarentum. 

Tarentum,  i,  n.,  a  flourishing  Greek 
city  on  the  southern  coast  of  Italy. 

Tarquinius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  gens 
in  early  Rome,  said  to  have  come 
from  Etruria. 

1.  {L.)  Tarquinius  Priscus,  the 
fifth  king  of  Rome,  616-578  B.C. 

2.  L.  Tarquinius  Superbus,  the 
son  of  Priscus,  the  last  king  of 
Rome,  534-510  B.C. 

3.  {Sextus)  Tarquinius,  son  of  (2). 

4.  (L.)  Tarquinius  Colldtinus, 
cousin  of  (3),  and  husband  of  Lu- 
cretia,  consul  509  B.C. 

Tarraco,  onis,  f.,  a  city  in  Spain. 

Tarsus,  i,  f .,  a  city  in  Cilicia  in  Asia 
Minor. 

Tauromenitani,  6rum,  pi.  m.,  the 
inhabitants  of  Tauronienium,  a  city 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  Sicily. 

Taurus,  i,  m.,  a  mountain  range  in 
Asia  Minor. 

taxo,  are,  avi,  at  us  [freq.  of  tango] , 
to  touch  sharply,  harass,  vex. 

tectorium,  i  [tego,  to  cover]  n.,  a 
covering,  cover;  plastering. 

Telesinus,  i,  m.,  Pontius  Teleslnus, 
commander  of  the  Samnites  in  the 
war  against  Sulla.   See  Notes,  p.  162. 

temeritas,  atis  [temere,  rashly], 
f.,  rashness,  heedlessness,  temerity. 

tempestas,  atis  [tempusj,  f.,  point 
of  time,  period  of  time ;  storm,  tem- 
pest. 


templum,  i,  n.,  a  sacred  spot ;  temple. 

tempto,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of 
tendo],  to  touch,  handle;  try,  at- 
tempt ;  sound,  try  to  win  over. 

tempus,  oris,  n.,  time,  period,  seor 
son ;  opportunity,  occasion. 

tenax,  acis  [teneo],  adj.,  holding 
fast,  tenacious ;  firm,  steadfast, per- 
sistent. 

tendo,  ere,  tetendi,  tentus,  and 
tensus,  to  spread  out,  stretcli ;  in- 
sidias  tendere,  to  lay  a  trap  for, 
plot  against. 

con  —  contends,  ere,  i,  tentus, 
to  stretch;  exert  one's  self,  strive, 
insist ;  hasten,  march  quickly. 

ob(s)  —  ostendo,  ere,  i,  tentus, 
to  stretch  out,  show;  produce,  fur- 
nish ;  disclose,  make  known. 

teneo,  ere,  ui,  tentus,  to  hold,  keep, 
possess;  maintain,  guard,  defend; 
seize. 

ab  — abstineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold  back  or  from;  keep  aloof 
from;  refrain  from,  abstain. 

con — contineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold,  keep,  contain;  restrain, 
rule,  curb. 

ob  — obtineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold,  possess ;  rule,  govern. 

re  —  retineo,  ere,  ui,  tentus, 
to  hold  or  keep  (back) ;  retain, 
detain. 

sub(s)  —  sustineo,  ere,  ui,  ten- 
tus, to  hold  up,  support,  sustain; 
bear,  endure, holdin  check,  restrain. 

ter,  num.  adv.,  three  times. 

Terentius,  i,  m.,  see  Varro. 

tergum,  i,  n.,  the  back;  tergum 
vertere,  to  flee. 

terminus,  i,  n.,  the  end,  boundary. 

terra,  ae,  f.,  the  earth;  land;  terri- 
tory, country. 

terrester,  trls,  tre  [terra],  adj., 
of  the  earth  or  land. 


VOCABULARY 


235 


terribilis,  e  [terreo],  a.d].,  frightful, 
dreadful. 

territorium,  i  [terra],  n.,  a  terri- 
tory, domain. 

terror,  oris  [terred],  m.,fear,  terror. 

tertio  [tertius] ,  num.  adv.,  the  third 
time. 

tertius,  a,  um  [cf.  tres],  num.  adj., 
third. 

Tervingi,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people  of 
Dacia. 

testamentum,  i  [testis,  a  witness], 
n.,  a  will,  testament. 

Tetricus,  i,  m.,  (C  Pesuviu^)  Tetri- 
cus,  one  of  the  Thirty  Tyrants. 

Teutobodus,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 
Cimbri. 

Teutones,  um,  pi.  m.,  the  Teutones, 
a  Germanic  people  which  with  the 
Cimbri  invaded  Italy,  but  were  de- 
feated by  Marius,  102  B.C. 

Theodora,  ae,  f.,  the  wife  of  Con- 
stant i  us. 

thermae,  arum,  pi.  f.,  warm  baths. 

Thessalia,  ae,  f.,  Thessaly,  a  large 
district  in  the  northeastern  part  of 
Greece. 

Thessalonica,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Mace- 
donia. 

Thracia,  ae,  f.,  Thrace,  a  large  dis- 
trict in  the  southeastern  part  of 
Europe,  between  the  Aegean  Sea, 
Macedonia,  and  the  Black  Sea. 

Tiberis,  is,  ra.,  the  river  Tiber. 

Tiberius,  i,  m.,  Tiberius  (Claudius 
Nero),  Roman  emperor  14-37  a.d. 

Tigranes,  is,  m.,  king  of  Armenia, 
son-in-law  of  Mithradates,  96-56  B.C. 

Tigranocerta,  ae,  f.,  the  capital  city 
of  Armenia  Maior. 

Tigris,  idis,  m.,  the  Tigris,  a  river  in 
Mesopotamia. 

timeo,  ere,  ui,  — ,  to  fear,  be  anxious. 

timor,  oris  [timeo] ,  m.,fear,  a  cause 
of  fear. 


tiro,  6nis,  m.,  a  recruit;  beginner. 

Titurius,  i,  m.,  see  Sabinus. 

Titus,!,  m.,  T.  Flavius  Sabinus  Ves- 
pasidnus,  Roman  emperor  79-81  a.d. 

toga,  ae,  f.,  the  toga,  the  character- 
istic outer  robe  of  the  Romans. 

togatus,  a,  um  [toga] ,  adj.,  clad  in 
the  toga ;  i7i  peaceful  garb,  unarmed. 

toUo,  ere,  sustuli,  sublatus,  to  lift, 
raise,  take  up ;  remove,  abolish. 

Tolumnius,  i,  m.,  (Lar)  Tolumnius, 
leader  of  the  Veientes. 

Tomi,  5rum,  pi.  m.,  a  city  in  Lower 
Moesia. 

Torquatus,  i,  m., 

1.  (T.)  Mdnlius  Torquatus,  dicta- 
tor 353  B.C. 

2.  T.  Mdnlius  Torquatus,  consul 
235  B.C. 

torquis,  is,  m.,  a  twisted  collar,  neck- 
lace. 

tot,  indecl.  adj.,  so  many. 

totus,  a,  um,  gen.  totius,  dat.  toti, 
adj.,  all,  all  the,  the  whole,  entire. 

tracts,  are,  avi,  atus  [freq.  of 
traho] ,  to  treat. 

tractus,  as  [traho],  m.,  a  stretch, 
tract. 

trado,  see  do. 

tragicus,  a,  um  [tragoedia],  adj., 
of  tragedy,  tragic. 

tragoedia,  ae,  f.,  tragedy. 

traho,  ere,  traxi,  tractus,  to  draw, 
drag;  detain. 

con— contrahS,    ere,     traxi, 

tractus,  to  draw  together,  collect, 

assemble. 

de  — detraho,  ere,  traxi,  trac- 

'  tus,  to  draw  or  strip  off,  remove; 

drag. 

dis— distraho,  ere,  traxi,  trac- 
tus, to  pull  asunder,  part,  separate. 
ex  —  extrahS,  ere,  traxi,  trac- 
tus, to  draw  or  pull  out ;  prolong, 
waste. 


286 


VOCABULARY 


pro  — protraho,  ere,  traxi, 
tractus,  to  draw  forth,  bring  for- 
ward, produce ;  discover,  disclose. 

traicio,  see  *iaci5. 

Traianus,  i,  m.,  (M.)  Ulpius  Grlnitus 
Trdidnus,  Roman  emperor  98-117  a.d. 

tranquille  [tranquillus],  adv., 
calmly,  tranquilly. 

Tranquillina,  ae,  the  wife  of  the 
emperor  Gordianus. 

tranquillitas,  atis  [tranquillus] ,  f ., 
calmness,  stillness ;  Tranquillitas, 
atis  (as  title  of  emperor),  Serene 
Highness. 

tranquillus,  a,  una,  2k&].,  calm,  peace- 
ful, tranquil. 

trans,  prep,  with  ace. ,  across,  beyond, 
over. 

transalpinus,  a,  um  [trans  + 
Alpes] ,  adj.,  across  the  Alps,  trans- 
alpine. 

transeo,  see  eo. 

transfers,  see  fero. 

transfug-a,  ae  [transfugiS,  to  flee 
over],  m,,  a  deserter. 

transgredior,  see  *gradior. 

transigo,  see  ago. 

transitorius,  a,  um  [transeo],  adj., 
adapted  for  passing  through,  hav- 
ing a  passage  way ;  forum  Transi- 
torium. 

transmarinus,  a,  um  [trans  + 
mare],  adj.,  beyond  the  sea. 

Trebellianus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 
Tyrants. 

Trebia,  ae,  f.,  a  river  in  Cisalpine 
Gaul,  where  the  second  battle  of 
the  Second  Punic  War  was  fought. 

trecentesimus,  a,  um  [trecenti], 
num.  adj.,  three  hundredth. 

trecenti,  ae,  a  [tres -f  centum] , 
num.  adj.,  three  hundred. 

Tremellius,  i,  m.,  a  Roman  quaestor 
who  conquered  Pseudoperses. 

tres,  tria,  num.  adj.,  three. 


Triballi,  orum,  pi,  m.,  a  Thracian 

people  of  Lower  Moesia. 

tribunus,  i  [tribus],  m.,  chief  of  a 
tribe,  tribune ;  tribunus  militum 
or  militaris,  military  tribune,  cap- 
tain, one  of  the  minor  officers  of  a 
legion,  six  in  number;  tribunus 
plebis,  tribune  of  thepeople,  elected 
from  the  plebeians.  The  office  was 
created  in  494  b.c.  to  protect  the 
plebeians  from  the  patricians.  Ten 
tribunes  were  elected  annually. 
Their  persons  were  sacred. 

tribuo,  ere,  i,  utus  [tribus],  to  as- 
sign, grant,  give. 

dis  —  distribuo,  ere,  i,  utus,  to 
divide,  distribute,  apportion. 

tribus,  us  [cf.  tres],f.,  a  tribe  (orig. 
a  third  part  of  the  people). 

tributum,  i  [tribuo],  n.,  a  tax,  trib- 
ute. 

tricesimus,  a,  um  [triginta],  num. 
adj.,  thirtieth. 

tricies  [triginta] ,  num.  adv.,  thirty 
times. 

Tricipitinus,  i,  m.,  Sp.  Lucretius 
Tricipitinus,  consul  509  B.C. 

triclinium,  i,  n,,  a  couch  for  three 
persons  reclining  at  meals,  a  dinner 
sofa. 

triduum,  i  [tres  +  dies],  n.,  the 
space  of  three  days,  three  days. 

triennium,  i  [tres  +  annus],  n.,the 
space  of  three  years,  three  years. 

triginta,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  thirty. 

Tripolitanus,  a,  um.  adj.,  belonging 
to  Tripolis;  tripolitana  provincia, 
the  province  of  Tripolis,  in  northern 
Africa. 

tristis,  e,  adj.,  sad,  sorroiofid;  stern, 
strict,  severe. 

triticum,  i,  n.,  icheat. 

triumphs,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  cele- 
brate a  triainph. 

triumphus,   i,    ra.,    a    triumph,    a 


VOCABULARY 


237 


splendid  procession  in  which  the 
victorious  general  entered  the  city- 
accompanied  by  his  soldiers  and  the 
spoil  and  captives  he  had  taken. 
The  procession  passed  around  the 
Capitoline  Hill  into  the  Via  Sacra, 
then  into  the  Forum,  and  up  to  the 
temple  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus. 

Troia,  ae,  f.,  Troij,  a  city  in  the 
northwestern  part  of  Asia  Minor, 
renowned  for  its  ten  years'  siege  by 
the  Greeks. 

trux,  trucis,  adj.,  wild,  savage,  stern. 

tu,  tui,  pi.  vos,  vestram  or  vestri, 
pers.  pron.,  thou,  you. 

tueor,  eri,  tatus  or  tuitus  sum,  to 
look  at,  watch  ;  defend,  protect. 

in  — intueor,  eri,  itus  sum,  to 
look  closely  at  or  upon,  gaze  at. 

Tugurini,  or  Tigurini,  orum,  pi. 
m.,  a  Helvetian  people  who  invaded 
Italy  with  the  Cimbri  and  Teutones. 

TuUius,  i,  m.,  Servius  Tullius,  the 
sixth  king  of  Rome,  578-534  B.C. 

TuUus,  i,  m.,  see  Hostilius. 

turn,  adv.,  then,  at  that  time ;  there- 
upon. 

tumultuor,  ari,  atus  sum  [tumul- 
tus],  to  make  a  disturbance,  riot. 

tumultus,  as,  m.,  a  disturbance,  up- 
roar ;  rebellion,  riot. 

tumulus,  i  [tumeo,  to  sweW],  m.,  a 
hillock,  mound,  hill. 

tunc,  adv.,  then,  at  that  time;  accord- 
ingly, thereupon. 

turbo,  are,  avi,  atus  [turba,  a 
croivd],  to  disturb,  confuse. 

turpis,  e,  adj.,  ugly  ;  base,  dishonor- 
able. 

turris,  is,  f.,  a  tower. 

Tusci,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  Etruscans, 
inhabitants  of  Etruria. 

Tuscia,  ae,  f.,  Etruria,  a  division  of 
central  Italy. 

Tusculum,  i,  n.,  an  old  town  in  La- 


tium,  about  ten  miles  southeast  of 

Rome, 
tutor,  oris  [tueor],  m.,  a  guardian, 

tutor. 
tdtus,  a,  um  [tueor],  adj.,  safe. 
tuus,  a,  um  [tu],  pron.  adj.,  your, 

yours. 
tyrannicus,  a,  um  [tyrannus],  adj., 

tyrannical. 
tyrannis,  idis  [tyrannus],  f.,  the 

sway  of  a  tyrant,  arbitrary  power, 

despotic  rule. 
tyrannus,  i,  m.,  a  ruler,  tyrant. 


U. 

ubi,  adv.,  where,  when ;  ubi  primum, 

as  soon  as. 
ubicumque,  adv.,  wherever. 
ubique  [ubi  +  que],  adv.,  anywhere. 
uUus,  a,  um,  gen.  ullius,  dat.  tllli, 

adj.,  any. 
Ulpianus,i,  m.,  (Domitius)  Ulpidnus, 

a  celebrated  Roman  jurist. 
Ulpius,  1,  m.,  see  Traianus. 
ulterior,  ius,  gen.  oris  [ultra],  adj., 

further,    remoter;    sup.    ultimus, 

farthest,  last,  utmost,  greatest. 
ultio,  onis  [ulciscor,  to  avenge],  f., 

revenge. 
ultra,  prep,  with  ace,  on  the  further 

side,  beyond. 
umquam,  adv.,  at  any  time,  ever; 

usually  with  a  negative, 
undecimus,     a,     um     [undecim, 

eleven],  num.  adj.,  eleventh. 
ung-uentum,  i  [unguo,  to  anoint], 

n.,  ointment,  unguent,  perfume. 
unguis,  is,  m.,  a  nail,  hoof,  claw. 
unic§  [Unicus],  adv.,  alone,  singly, 

uniquely. 
Gnicus,  a,  um  [unus],  adj.,  only, 

sole,  single ;  uncommon. 
universus,  a,  um  [unus  -{-  *verto], 

adj.,  all  in  one,  whole,  entire. 


238 


VOCABULARY 


unus,  a,  um,  gen.  anius,  dat.  uni, 
adj.,  one,  only,  sole,  alone. 

urbs,  urbis,  f.,  a  city ;  The  City 
(Rome). 

urna,  ae  [iiro,  to  burn],  f.,  a  vessel, 
nrn  (of  baked  clay). 

Uscudama,  ae,  f.,  a  city  in  Thrace. 

usque,  adv.,  all  the  loay,  right  on, 
continuously,  even. 

asurpo,  are,  avi,  at  us  [usus  + 
rapio],  to  make  use  of,  enjoy ; 
usurp. 

usus,  us  [utor],  m.,  use,  employ- 
ment; experience,  training;  profit, 
advantage,  convenience. 

usus,  a,  um,  see  utor. 

ut,  adv.,  interrog.,  howf  in  what 
way?  rel.,  as, just  as ;  since,  seeing 
that;  ut  .  .  .  ita,,  just  as  .  .  .  so. 

ut,  conj.,  (1)  with  ind.,  lohen;  ut 
primum,  as  soon  as;  (2)  with 
subj.  of  purpose,  in  order  that, 
that ;  of  result,  so  that,  that. 

uterque,  traque,  trumque  [uter 
+  que],  adj.,  each  (of  two),  both. 

utor,  uti,  usus  sum,  to  make  use 
of,  employ  ;  enjoy  ;  have,  possess  ; 
associate  with,  be  intimate  with. 

utrimque  [uterque],  adv.,  from  or 
on  both  sides,  on  either  hand. 

uxor,  oris,  f.,  a  wife. 

uxorius,  a,  um  [uxor],  adj.,  of  a 
wife. 

V. 
V.  =  5. 

vacuus,  a,  um  [vaco,  to  he  empty], 
adj.,  empty,  unoccupied. 

*vad6,  ere,  — ,  — ,  to  go,  rush. 

ex  — evado,  ere,  vasi,  v§.sus, 
to  go  forth  or  aioay ;  get  away, 
escape;  get  to  be,  become. 

in— invado,  ere,  vasi,  vasus, 
to  enter ;  attack;  seize,  take  posses- 
sion of. 

vagor,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  loander. 


Valens,  entis,  m., 

1.  (F.)  Valens,  consul  96  a.d. 

2.  Valens,  emperor  of  the  East, 
364-378  A.D. 

Valeria,  ae,  f.,  daughter  of  Diocle- 
tian and  wife  of  Galerius. 
Valerianus,  i,  m., 

1.  (P.)  Licinius  Valerianus, 
Roman  emperor  253-260  a.d. 

2.  (P.)  Licinius  Valerianus,  son 
of  (1). 

Valerius,  i,  m.,  the  name  of  a  Roman 
gens.  See  Corvinus,  Laevinus, 
Messala,  Publicola. 

valetudo,  inis  [valeo,  to  he  weW], 
f.,  health  (good  or  bad),  sickness, 
weakness. 

validus,  a,  um  [valeo,  to  be  welt], 
adj.,  strong,  healthy,  effective. 

vallum,  i,  n.,  stockade,  rampart, 
wall. 

Vandali,  orum,  \i\.  ra.,  Vandals,  a 
confederacy  of  German  peoples 
that  invaded  Italy  in  the  fifth  cen- 
tury A.  D. 

varie  [varius],  adv.,  variously. 

varius,  a,  um,  adj.,  diverse,  various. 

Varro,  onis,  m., 

1.  M.  (Terentius)  Varro,  a.  legate 
of  Pompey  in  Spain,  where  he  was 
defeated  by  Caesar. 

2.  P.  (C.)  Terentius  Farro,  consul 
219  and  21(5  b.c. 

Varronianus,  i,  consul  363  a.d. 

varus,  i,  m.,  Q.  Varus,  one  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Pompeian  party  at 
the  battle  of  Thapsus. 

vas,  vasis  (pi.  vasa,  orum),  n.,  a 
vessel,  dish. 

vastitas,  atis  [vasto],  f.,  devasta- 
tion. 

vasts,  are,  avi,  atus,  to  lay  waste^ 
devastate,  destroy. 

Vatia,  ae,  m.,  P.  ServiUus  Vatia, 
surnaraed  Isauricus,  consul  79  B.C. 


VOCABULARY 


239 


Vecta,  ae,  f,,  an  island  off  the  south- 
ern coast  of  England,  now  the  Isle 
of  Wight. 

vehementer  [vehemens,  earnest], 
adv.,  earnestly,  seriously,  severely  ; 
exceedingly. 

vehiculum,  i  [veho],  n.,  a  vehicle, 
carriage. 

veho,  ere,  vexi,  vectus,  to  bear, 
carry,  convey ;  in  pass,  with  navi 
or  equo,  to  sail,  ride. 

ex —  eveho,  ere,  vexi,  vectus, 
to  lift,  raise,  elevate. 

in  — inveli5,  ere,  vexi,  vectus, 
to  carry  in  or  to ;  in  pass.,  ride  into, 
sail  into. 

re  —  reveho,  ere,  vexi,  vectus, 
to  carry  hack,  bring  back,  return. 

Veientani,  orum,  pi.  m.,  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Veil. 

Veientes,  ium,  pi.  m.,  the  people  of 
Veil. 

Veii,  orum,  pi.  m.,  Veil,  a  powerful 
town  in  Etruria,  about  twelve  miles 
from  Rome. 

vel  [old.  imperative  of  volo],  adv. 
and  conj.,  even;  or,  or  else;  vel 
.  .  .  vel,  either  .  .  .  or. 

venditio,  onis  [vendo],  f.,  an  auction 
sale,  auction. 

vendo,  ere,  didl,  ditus  [contr.  from 
venumdo] ,  to  sell. 

venenum,  i,  n., poison. 

venerabilis,  e  [veneror],  adj.,  ven- 
erable, reverend. 

veneratio,  5nis  [veneror],  f.,  ven- 
eration, reverence. 

veneror,  ari,  atus  sum,  to  loorship, 
revere,  respect,  honor. 

Venetia,  ae,  f.,  a  district  at  the  head 
of  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

venia,  ae,  f.,  favor,  grace,  kind- 
ness. 

veniS,  ire,  veni,  ventus,  to  come, 
go. 


con— convenio,  ire,  veni,  ven- 
tus, to  come  together,  assemble ;  be 
agreed  upon,  be  suitable. 

ex  — evenio,  ire,  veni,  ventus, 
to  turn  out,  come  to  pass. 

in  —  invenio,  ire,  veni,  ventus, 
to  come  upon,  find,  discover. 

inter  — interveniS,  ire,  veni, 
ventus,  to  come  upon,  appear,  in- 
tervene. 

per  — pervenio,  ire,  veni,  ven- 
tus, to  come  to,  reach;  penetrate, 
attain  to. 

prae  —  praevenio,  ire,  veni, 
ventus,  to  come  before,  get  start  of, 
anticipate,  outstrip. 

sub  —  subvenio,  ire,  veni,  ven- 
tus, to  come  to  help,  aid,  assist. 

super  — supervenio,  ire,  veni, 
ventus,  to  come  to  the  rescue,  ar- 
rive; surpass. 
venter,  tris,  m.,  the  stomach;  appe- 
tite. 
Ventidius,  i,  m.,  see  Bassus. 
verbero,  are,  avi,  atus  [verber, 

lash],  to  whip,  scourge,  beat. 
vere     [verus,    true],    adv.,    truly, 

really. 
vereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  to  fear,  dread, 

respect. 
Vergilianus,  a,  um,  adj.,  Vergilian; 
Vergilianus  versus,  a  verse  from 
the  Aeneid  of  Vergil. 
Verona,  ae,  f.,  an  important  town  in 

Cisalpine  Gaul. 
*vert6,    ere,   i,    versus,    to    turn, 
change ;  in  pass.,  turn  about,  return. 

ab— averts,  ere,  i,  versus,  to 
turn  away  or  aside,  avert,  divert. 

con— converts,  ere,  i,  versus, 
to  turn  round,  change ;  turn,  direct ; 
divert,  misuse. 

ex  — everts,  ere,  i,  versus,  to 
overturn,  destroy,  ruin. 

re— reverter,  i,  reverti  or  (less 


240 


VOCABULARY 


often)   reversus  sum,  to  return ; 

revert,  recur. 
versus,    us     [verto],    m.,   a   line, 

verse. 
verum    [verus,  true'],  adv.,  truhj, 

certainly ;  hut. 
Verus,  i,  m.,  see  Antoninus. 
Vespasianus,    i,    m.,  {T.    Flavins) 

Vespasidnus,  Roman  emperor  70-79 

A.D. 

vespera,  ae,  f.,  evening. 

vespillo,  onis,  m.,  a  corpse  hearer. 

Vestalis,  e,  adj.,  pertaining  to  the 
goddess  Vesta. 

vester,  tra,  trum,  pron.  adj.,  your, 
yours ;  Vestra  (as  title  of  emperor) , 
^^Your  Serene  Highness.'^ 

vestis,  is,  f.,  clothing,  garments;  a 
rohe. 

veto,  are,  ui,  itus,  not  allow,  forhid. 

Vetranio,  onis,  m.,  a  commander  of 
the  legions  in  Illyria  who  was  pro- 
claimed emperor  by  the  troops. 

Vettius,  i,  m.,  T.  Vettivs,  a  leader  of 
the  Marsi  in  the  Marsic  war. 

Veturia,  ae,  f.,  the  mother  of  Cori- 
olanus. 

Veturius,  i,  m.,  7\  Veturius,  consul 
321  B.C. 

Vetus,  eris,  m.,  consul  with  Valens, 

%  A.D. 

vetus,  eris,  adj.,  old,  aged;  of  a 

former  time,  ancient. 
Via,   ae,  f.,  a  way,  road,  journey; 

passage. 
(Vibulanus,  i),  m.,  C.  Fahius  (Vihu- 

Idnus)  consul  for  the  third  time  479 

B.C.    His   praenomen   is  generally 

given  as  Kaeso. 
vicesimus,  a,  um  [viginti],  num. 

adj.,  twentieth. 
vicinus,  a,  um  [vicus],  adj.,  near, 

neighboring . 
vicissim    [vicis,  alternation],  adv., 

in  turn. 


Victoali,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  West  Gothic 
people. 

victor,  oris  [vinco] ,  m.,  a  conqueror ; 
as  adj.,  victorious. 

victoria,  ae  [vinco],  f.,  victory. 

Victorinus,  i,  m.,  one  of  the  Thirty 
Tyrants. 

victrix,  icis  [vinco],  f.,  a  victress,  a 
female  conqueror ;  as  adj.,  victori- 
ous. 

vicus,  i,  m.,  a  town,  village. 

video,  ere,  vidi,  visus,  to  see,  per- 
ceive, understand  ;  in  pass.,  .seem. 

in— invideo,  ere,  vidi,  visus, 
to  look  askance  at,  envy. 

viginti,  indecl.  num.  adj.,  twenty. 

vilis,  e,  adj.,  cheap,  common,  worth- 
less. 

vilissime,  see  viliter. 

viliter  [vilis],  adv.,  sup.  vilissime; 
at  a  low  price,  cheaply. 

villa,  ae,  f.,  a  country  house,  farm, 
villa. 

Viminacium,  i,  n.,  a  town  in  Upper 
Moesia. 

Viminalis,  e  [vimen,  an  osier],  adj., 
of  osiers ;  as  subst.,  Viminalis,  is, 
m.  (so.  collis),  the  Viminal  Hill, 
one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome. 

vincio,  ire,  vinxi,  vinctus,  to  hind, 
fetter. 

vinco,  ere,  vici,  victus,  to  conquer, 
defeat;  surpass:  intrans.,  p?'e- 
vail. 

con— convince,  ere,  vici,  vic- 
tus, to  overcome ;  convict,  refute ; 
expose. 

de  —  devinc5,  ere,  vici,  victus, 
to  conquer  completely,  subdue. 

Vindelici,  orum,  pi.  m.,  a  people 
dwelling  in  the  Roman  province  of 
Vindelicia,  south  of  the  Danube. 

vindico,  are,  avi,  atus  [vis  + 
dico],  to  claim;  liberate;  avenge, 
take  vengeance  on. 


VOCABULARY 


241 


vinea,  ae,  f.,  a  plantation  of  vines, 

vineyard ;  vine. 
vir,  viri,  va.,a  man;  hero;  husband. 
vires,  see  vis, 
virga,  ae,  f.,  a  rod. 
Virginius,  i,  in., 

1,  L.  (T.)  Virginias,  consul  479 

B.C. 

2,  (L.)  Virginius,  father  of  Vir- 
ginia, a  maiden  wliose  attempted 
enslavement  by  Appius  Claudius  led 
to  the  overthrow  of  the  decemvirs ; 
consul  449  b.o. 

Virgo,  inis,  f.,  a  young  girl,  maiden, 

virgin. 
Viriathus,  i,  m.,  a  celebrated  Lusita- 

nian  chief  who  maintained  a  sepa- 
rate command  against  the  Romans 

for  several  years, 
viridis,  e,  adj.,  green,  fresh,  new. 
Viridomarus,  i,  m.,  a  leader  of  the 

Gauls  who  was  slain  by  Marcellus. 
viritim    [vir],  adv.,  man   by  man, 

separately,  individually. 
virtus,    utis    [vir],    f,,    manliness, 

valor;  goodness;  virtue. 
vis,  gen.  and  dat.  ^'anting,  ace.  vim, 

abl.  VI,  f.,  strength,  force ;   hostile 

force,  violence ;  quantity,  number; 

pi.  vires,  energy,  vigor,  resources; 

vim  facere,  to  use  violence. 
Viscellinus,  i,  m.,  Sp.  Cassius  {Vis- 

celllnus),  the  first  master    of    the 

horse  at  Rome, 
vita,  ae  [vivo],  f.,  life,  conduct. 
Vitellius,  i,  m., 

1.  {A.)  Fi^e/^iMS,  Roman  emperor, 

69  A.D. 

2.  (//.)  Vitellius,  hroihev  oi  iX). 
vitio,   are,   avi,  atus  [vitium],  to 

make  faulty,  taint,  corrupt,  defile, 
dishonor. 
vitiosus,  a,  um  [vitium],  ?iA].,full 
of  faults,  faulty ;  wicked,  depraved. 


vitium,  i,  n.,  a  fault,  vice. 
vivo,  ere;  vixi,  — ,  to  live. 
vivus,  a,  um  [vivo],  adj.,  living, 

alive. 
vix,    adv.,    with    difficulty,    hardly, 

scarcely. 
voco,  are,  avi,  atus  [vox],  to  call, 

summon  ;  rouse  ;  name. 
ex  — evoco,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 

call  out,  suminon. 
pro  — provoco,  are,  avi,  atus, 

to  challenge. 
re  —  revoco,  are,  avi,  atus,  to 

recall,  recover. 
volo,  velle,  volui,  — ,  to  be  willing, 

tcish. 
magis  —  malo,   malle,  malui, 

— ,  to  wish,  rather,  prefer. 
ne — nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  — ,  to  be 

unwilling,  not  to  wish,  not  to  want. 
Volsci,    orum,  pi.  m.,  an    ancient 

tribe  living  in  the  south  of  Latium. 
Volumnia,  ae,  f.,  the  wife  of  Corio- 

lanus. 
voluntarius,    a,    um    [voluntas], 

{idj.,  of  free  will,  voluntary. 
voluntas,  atis  [vol6],  f.,  will,  desire, 

inclination. 
Volusianus,  i,  m.,  son  of  the  em- 
peror Gallus.    His  father  conferred 

the  title  of  Caesar  upon  him  in  251 

A.D.  and  Augustus  in  252  a.d. 
voracitas,  atis,  f.,  greediness,  rav- 

enousness. 
vox,  vocis,  f.,  voice,-sound,  tone; 

cry,  call;  saying,  speech. 
vulnero,  are,  avi,  atus  [vulnus,], 

to  wound,  hurt,  injure. 
vulnus,  eris,  n.,  a  wound ;  blow,  mis- 
fortune. 
Vulso,  onis,  m.,  L.  Mdnlius  Vulso, 

consul  256  B.C. 
vultus,  us,  m.,  the  expression  of  the 

face,  features,  countenance. 


HAZ.  EUTROPIUS- 


16 


242 


REFERENCES 


X.  =  10. 

Xanthippus,  i,  m.,  a  Lacedaemonian 
who  commanded  the  Carthaginians 
against  the  Romans  under  Regulus. 


Xerxes,  is,  m.,  a  king  of  the  Persians 
who  was  conquered  by  Alexander 
Severus. 

Z. 

Zenobia,  ae,  f.,  queen  of  Palmyra. 


REFERENCES   TO   HARKNESS'   NEW   LATIN 
GRAMMARS   (1898) 


p.  7.  N.  1.  600,  II. 

2.  417. 

3.  489. 

4.  444. 

5.  590. 

6.  598. 

P.  8.  N.  1.  483. 

2.  429. 

3.  485,  2. 

4.  238. 
p.  9.  N.  1.  442. 

2.  425,  4. 

p.  10.  N.  1.  428,  2. 

2.  646. 

3.  568. 

4.  564,  II. 

p.  11.  N.  1.  462. 
2.  418. 

P.  12.  N.  1.  507,  4. 

2.  570;  550. 

3.  440,  2. 

4.  628. 

P.  13.  N.  1.  638,  3. 
2.  579. 

P.  14.  N.  1.  440,  3. 

2.  598. 

3.  238. 

4.  428,  2. 


I  P.  15.  N. 

P.  16.  N. 
P.  17.  N. 


P.  18.  N. 


P.  19.  N. 
P.  20.  N. 


P.  21.  N. 
P.  22.  N. 
P.  23.  N. 

P.  25.  N. 


1.  463. 

2.  426,  3. 

1.  487. 

1.  479,  3. 

2.  468. 

3.  591,  1. 

4.  425,  4,  N. 

1.  564, 1. 

2.  456,  2. 

3.  238;  588.11. 

4.  473,  3. 

1.  411. 

1.  652. 

2.  476. 

3.  475. 

4.  629. 

5.  480. 

1.  646. 

2.  643. 

1.  462,  3. 

2.  568. 

1.  440,  3. 

2.  434. 

3.  485,  2. 

1.  426, 1. 

2.  135. 

3.  448,  1. 

4.  643,  3. 

P.  27. 
P.  28. 
P.  29. 


P.  30. 
P.  31. 
P.  32. 


P.  33. 
P.  31. 
P.  35. 
P.  36. 
P.  37. 

P.  38. 


N.  1. 

2. 
N.  1. 

2. 
N.  1. 

2. 

3. 
N.  1. 
N.  1. 

N.  1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 
N.  1. 

2. 
N.  1. 

2. 
N.  1. 

2. 
N.  1. 

2. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 
N.  1. 

2. 

3. 


N 


628. 

440,3. 

628. 

473,  1. 

434. 

426,  3. 

485,  3. 

630. 

425,  2. 

488,2. 

440,2. 

475. 

473,  3. 

483. 

639. 

476. 

429. 

603,  2. 

642. 

643. 

417. 

567. 

433. 

489. 

485,2. 

636,1. 

531. 

480. 


REFERENCES 


243 


p.  39. 

N.  1.  564,  III. 

4. 

434. 

P.  71.  N.  1. 

427. 

2.  425,  4,  N. 

5. 

426,  6. 

2. 

450. 

3.  447. 

P.  57. 

N.  1. 

568,  7. 

P.  72.  N.  1. 

442,  1. 

P.  40. 

N.  1.  439. 
2.  440,  2. 

2. 

628. 

P.  73.  N.  1. 

426,  4. 

3.  628. 

p.  58. 

N.  1. 

630. 

P.  74.  N.  1. 

630. 

2. 

417. 

2. 

469,2. 

P.  41. 

N.  1.  467. 

• 

3. 

426,  1. 

P.  75.  N.  1. 

626. 

P.  42. 

N.  1.  479,  3. 

4. 

473,  2. 

2. 

588,  II 

2.  639. 

5. 

570. 

2. 

471. 

3.  440,  2. 

P.  59. 

N.  1. 

621. 

P.  77.  N.  1. 

591,  1. 

P.  43. 

N.  1.  475,  3. 

2. 

392. 

P.  78.  N.  1. 

508,  3. 

P.  44. 

N.  1.  588,  II. 

P.  60. 

N.  1. 

591,  1. 

2. 

468,3. 

P.  45. 

N.  1.  598. 

2. 

647. 

P.  79.  N.  1. 

479,  1. 

2.  600,  II. 

3. 

579. 

P.  80.  N.  1. 

486,  1. 

3.  426,  3. 

4. 

477. 

P.  81.  N.  1. 

430. 

P.  46. 

N.  1.  533. 

P.  61. 

N.  1. 

488,  2. 

P.  83.  N.  1. 

425,  2. 

2.  567. 

2. 
3. 

420,  2. 
498. 

P.  84.  N.  1. 

475. 

P.  47. 

N.  1.  462. 

P.  85.  N.  1. 

622. 

2.  425,  2. 

P.  62. 

N.  1. 

426,  3. 

P.  86.  N.  1. 

447. 

3.  430. 

2. 

426,  1. 

2. 

440,3. 

4.  444. 

3. 

458,  3. 

5.  570. 

P.  87.  N.  1. 

477. 

P.  63. 

N.  1. 

425,  4,  N. 

2. 

456,  3. 

P.  48. 

N.  1.  638,  3. 

2.  571,  3. 

3.  475. 

2. 

468,  3. 

P.  89.  N.  1. 

434. 

P.  64. 

N.  1. 

598. 

P.  90.  N.  a. 

458,  3. 

4.  463. 

2. 

429. 

P.  91.  N.  1. 

450. 

5.  649,  II. 

P.  65. 

N.  1. 

488,  2. 

P.  92.  N.  1. 

592,  1. 

P.  49. 

N.  1.  442. 

2. 

434. 

P.  93.  N.  1. 

591,  1. 

2.  533. 

3. 

471. 

2. 

598. 

P.  50. 

N.  1.  462.  3. 

P.  66. 

N.  1. 

473,  2. 

P.  94.  N.  1. 

476,  1. 

2.  418. 

P.  67. 

N.  1. 

591,  1. 

P.  95.  N.  1. 

584. 

P.  51. 

N.  1.  434. 

P.  68. 

N.  1. 

440,3. 

P.  96.  N.  1. 

479,  2. 

P.  52. 

N.  1.  442. 

2. 

434. 

2. 

238. 

P.  54. 

N.  1.  626. 

P.  69. 

N.  1. 

579. 

P.  98.  N.  1. 

430,  1. 

P.  55. 

N.  1.  440,  2. 

2. 

480. 

P.  99.  N.  1. 

481. 

2.  444. 

3. 

175,  4. 

2. 

591,  1. 

P.  56. 

N.  1.  440,  3. 

4. 

448,  1. 

3. 

579. 

2.  427. 

P.  70. 

N.  1. 

477. 

P.  100.  N.  1. 

434. 

3.  588,  II. 

2. 

598,  1. 

P.  101.  N.l. 

456,3. 

TYPOGRAPHY 

BY  J.    6 

.    CU8HINQ   &   CO.,    NOR^ 

VOOD,    MASS. 

Cicero^s    Laelius    De   Amicitia 

EDITED   WITH    INTRODUCTION  AND   NOTES 

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other  aids  to  an  understanding  of  Plato's  dramatic  representation 
of  his  great  master  and  by  a  critical  analysis  of  the  argument 
pursued  in  the  Dialogues. 

The  Text  adopted  in  this  edition  is  based  upon  that  ot 
Wohlrab  in  his  revision  of  the  text  of  Hermann  (6  vols.,  Teubner, 
Leipzig — Vol.  I.,  1886).  The  grammatical  and  exegetical  notes 
have  been  drawn  freely  from  many  sources  but  principally  from 
Cron  (Teubner,  Leipzig,  1895). 

Other  features  which  will  commend  this  edition  to  students 
and  teachers  are  its  convenient  form,  clear  open  type,  and  full 
indices,  making  it  altogether  a  most  attractive  and  serviceable 
text-book  for  the  study  and  class  room. 


Copies  of  Kitchel  's  Plato  will  he  sent,  prepaid,  to  any  address  on  receipt 
of  the  price  by  the  Publishers.  Copies  of  the  Text  Edition  {paper 
binding)  will  be  sent  on  receipt  of  jo  cents. 


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